{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T17:10:29Z","timestamp":1792257029854,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK10478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK10478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajkd.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]],"date-time":"2017-06-07T07:33:53Z","timestamp":1496820833000},"page":"440-444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Metabolic Acidosis or Respiratory Alkalosis? Evaluation of a Low Plasma Bicarbonate Using the Urine Anion Gap"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Batlle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Chin-Theodorou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan M.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199105163242003","article-title":"Chronic respiratory alkalosis. The effect of sustained hyperventilation on renal regulation of acid-base equilibrium","volume":"324","author":"Krapf","year":"1991","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib2","first-page":"F433","article-title":"Suppression of distal urinary acidification after recovery from chronic hypocapnia","volume":"245","author":"Batlle","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib3","series-title":"Seldin and Giebisch\u2019s The Kidney: Physiology & Pathophysiology","first-page":"2477","article-title":"Physiological principles in the clinical evaluation of electrolyte, water and acid-base disorders","author":"Batlle","year":"2013"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198803103181002","article-title":"The use of the urinary anion gap in the diagnosis of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis","volume":"318","author":"Batlle","year":"1988","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib5","first-page":"391","article-title":"Integration of acid-base and electrolyte disorders","volume":"372","author":"Seifter","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"913","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.77.913.700","article-title":"Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of breathing after stroke","volume":"77","author":"Howard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1975.130","article-title":"Renal response to\u00a0short-term hypocapnia in man","volume":"8","author":"Gledhill","year":"1975","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01095965","article-title":"Renal tubular acidosis (RTA): recognize the ammonium defect and pHorget the urine pH","volume":"5","author":"Carlisle","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(60)90090-5","article-title":"The renal excretion of hydrogen ion in renal tubular acidosis. I. quantitative assessment of the response to ammonium chloride as an acid load","volume":"29","author":"Elkinton","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1967.213.4.969","article-title":"Relation of renal gluconeogenesis to ammonia production in the dog and rat","volume":"213","author":"Goorno","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08331109","article-title":"Metabolic basis for low urine pH in type 2 diabetes","volume":"5","author":"Maalouf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103754","article-title":"Ammonia excretion and renal enzymatic adaptation in human subjects, as disclosed by administration of precursor amino acids","volume":"37","author":"Madison","year":"1958","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2006.11.001","article-title":"Acid-base and potassium disorders in liver disease","volume":"26","author":"Ahya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198701153160305","article-title":"Urinary sodium in the evaluation of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis","volume":"316","author":"Batlle","year":"1987","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs442","article-title":"Genetic causes and mechanisms of distal renal tubular acidosis","volume":"27","author":"Batlle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-196703000-00001","article-title":"Proximal renal tubular acidosis. A defect in bicarbonate reabsorption with normal urinary acidification","volume":"1","author":"Rodriguez Soriano","year":"1967","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197709152971104","article-title":"Amelioration of metabolic acidosis with fludrocortisone therapy in hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism","volume":"297","author":"Sebastian","year":"1977","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.12.017","article-title":"The genetic and clinical spectrum of a large cohort of patients with distal renal tubular acidosis","volume":"91","author":"Palazzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1159\/000049059","article-title":"Value and determinants of urine anion gap","volume":"90","author":"Oh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephron"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638617306996?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638617306996?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T03:01:36Z","timestamp":1759460496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272638617306996"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272638617306996"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-6386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-6386","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Metabolic Acidosis or Respiratory Alkalosis? Evaluation of a Low Plasma Bicarbonate Using the Urine Anion Gap","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.04.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}