{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:48:28Z","timestamp":1790423308367,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","ajkd.org","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,12]],"date-time":"2017-10-12T21:07:55Z","timestamp":1507842475000},"page":"844-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Potassium Homeostasis in Health and Disease: A Scientific Workshop Cosponsored by the National Kidney Foundation and the American Society of Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Csaba P.","family":"Kovesdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence J.","family":"Appel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan E.","family":"Grams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Gutekunst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"McCullough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biff F.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertram","family":"Pitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic A.","family":"Sica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond R.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3909\/ricm0727","article-title":"Acute and chronic cardiovascular effects of hyperkalemia: new insights into prevention and clinical management","volume":"15","author":"McCullough","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035279","article-title":"Managing hyperkalemia caused by inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system","volume":"351","author":"Palmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl\u00a02","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000361070","article-title":"An integrated\u00a0approach for cardiorenal management","volume":"37","author":"Canaud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood Purif"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000015","article-title":"Methodological issues in cohort studies that relate sodium intake to cardiovascular disease outcomes: a science advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"129","author":"Cobb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007101142","article-title":"Racial differences in urinary potassium excretion","volume":"19","author":"Turban","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08580813","article-title":"Regulation of potassium homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Palmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib7","first-page":"745","article-title":"Estimating sodium and potassium intakes and their ratio in the American diet: data from the 2011-2012 NHANES","volume":"146","author":"Bailey","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540440058033","article-title":"Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials","volume":"277","author":"Whelton","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001575","article-title":"Blood pressure response to changes in sodium and potassium intake: a metaregression analysis of randomised trials","volume":"17","author":"Geleijnse","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f1326","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1326","article-title":"Effect of lower sodium intake on health: systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"346","author":"Aburto","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2003861","article-title":"The effect of low-dose potassium supplementation on blood pressure in apparently healthy volunteers","volume":"90","author":"Naismith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440010079010","article-title":"Effect of potassium supplementation on blood pressure in African Americans on a low-potassium diet. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"156","author":"Brancati","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704173361601","article-title":"A\u00a0clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group","volume":"336","author":"Appel","year":"1997","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200101043440101","article-title":"Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group","volume":"344","author":"Sacks","year":"2001","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.33.1.18","article-title":"Normotensive salt sensitivity: effects of race and dietary potassium","volume":"33","author":"Morris","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib16","first-page":"S629","article-title":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council dietary salt study in mild hypertension","volume":"4","author":"Chalmers","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hypertens Suppl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.004282","article-title":"Potassium intake and stroke risk: a review of the evidence and practical considerations for achieving a minimum target","volume":"45","author":"Hunt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2874","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006046","article-title":"Potassium intake and risk of stroke in women with hypertension and nonhypertension in the Women's Health Initiative","volume":"45","author":"Seth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1289","article-title":"Effect of potassium-enriched salt on cardiovascular mortality and medical expenses of elderly men","volume":"83","author":"Chang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib20","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine (US). Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate\/Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water, Standing Committee on the\u00a0Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board. 2005. https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/read\/10925\/chapter\/1. Accessed September 15, 2017."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00980115","article-title":"Urinary potassium excretion and renal and cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes and normal renal function","volume":"10","author":"Araki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015010022","article-title":"Urinary sodium and potassium excretion and CKD progression","volume":"27","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.4447","article-title":"Sodium excretion and the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"315","author":"Mills","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-7-199704010-00001","article-title":"Comparison of dietary calcium with supplemental calcium and other nutrients as factors affecting the risk for kidney stones in women","volume":"126","author":"Curhan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib25","first-page":"1761","article-title":"Randomized double-blind study of potassium citrate in idiopathic hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis","volume":"150","author":"Barcelo","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib26","unstructured":"US Department of Agriculture. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. 2015. https:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/northeast-area\/beltsville-md\/beltsville-human-nutrition-research-center\/nutrient-data-laboratory\/docs\/usda-national-nutrient-database-for-standard-reference\/. Accessed March 11,\u00a02017."},{"issue":"5 suppl 1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib27","first-page":"S1","article-title":"K\/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease","volume":"43","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.01.020","article-title":"A\u00a0physiologic-based approach to the evaluation of a patient with hyperkalemia","volume":"56","author":"Palmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.07.010","article-title":"A\u00a0physiologic-based approach to the evaluation of a patient with hypokalemia","volume":"56","author":"Palmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1503102","article-title":"Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"373","author":"Palmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.01.012","article-title":"Achieving the benefits of a high-potassium, Paleolithic diet, without the toxicity","volume":"91","author":"Palmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1313341","article-title":"An integrated view of potassium homeostasis","volume":"373","author":"Gumz","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F663","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00514.2005","article-title":"Mechanism underlying flow stimulation of sodium absorption in the mammalian collecting duct","volume":"291","author":"Morimoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110609","article-title":"Consequences of potassium recycling in the renal medulla. Effects of ion transport by the medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop","volume":"70","author":"Stokes","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1972.222.2.421","article-title":"Potassium-induced inhibition of proximal tubular fluid reabsorption in rats","volume":"222","author":"Brandis","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"5, pt 1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib36","first-page":"F569","article-title":"Effect of acute potassium load on reabsorption in Henle's loop in the rat","volume":"245","author":"Sufit","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F667","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00290.2012","article-title":"Kidney-specific WNK1 inhibits sodium reabsorption in the cortical thick ascending limb","volume":"303","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021115-105431","article-title":"Regulation of renal electrolyte transport by WNK and SPAK-OSR1 kinases","volume":"78","author":"Hadchouel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq525","article-title":"Downregulation of NCC and NKCC2 cotransporters by kidney-specific WNK1 revealed by gene disruption and transgenic mouse models","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015070751","article-title":"Potassium and its discontents: new insight, new treatments","volume":"27","author":"Ellison","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2015.tb00597.x","article-title":"Distal convoluted tubule","volume":"5","author":"McCormick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011040414","article-title":"Effects of pH on potassium: new explanations for old observations","volume":"22","author":"Aronson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1563","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00490.2012","article-title":"Bicarbonate promotes BK-alpha\/beta4-mediated K excretion in the renal distal\u00a0nephron","volume":"303","author":"Cornelius","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F541","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00427.2006","article-title":"Evidence for gut factor in K+ homeostasis","volume":"293","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R421","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00095.2011","article-title":"Gut sensing of dietary K(+) intake increases renal K(+)excretion","volume":"301","author":"Oh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2013.04.005","article-title":"Gut sensing of potassium intake and its role in potassium homeostasis","volume":"33","author":"Youn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.14","article-title":"Rapid dephosphorylation of the renal sodium chloride cotransporter in response to oral potassium intake in mice","volume":"83","author":"Sorensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2013.04.003","article-title":"Role of circadian rhythms in potassium homeostasis","volume":"33","author":"Gumz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16523","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904890106","article-title":"Molecular clock is involved in predictive circadian adjustment of renal function","volume":"106","author":"Zuber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-199711","article-title":"Circadian expression of H,K-ATPase type 2 contributes to the stability of plasma K(+) levels","volume":"26","author":"Salhi","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109540","article-title":"Functional profile of the isolated uremic nephron: potassium adaptation in the rabbit cortical collecting tubule","volume":"64","author":"Fine","year":"1979","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"5, pt 2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib52","first-page":"R989","article-title":"Renal potassium transport: morphological and functional adaptations","volume":"257","author":"Stanton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(48)90370-2","article-title":"Effects of immobilization upon various metabolic and physiologic functions of normal men","volume":"4","author":"Deitrick","year":"1948","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib54","first-page":"207","article-title":"An extravenal mechanism for the maintenance of potassium balance in severe chronic renal failure","volume":"80","author":"Hayes","year":"1967","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Am Physicians"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1750","article-title":"Enhanced large intestinal potassium permeability in end-stage renal disease","volume":"206","author":"Mathialahan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R225","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11872","article-title":"Severe hyperkalemia requiring hospitalization: predictors of mortality","volume":"16","author":"An","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.01.367","article-title":"Predictors of hyperkalemia and death in patients with cardiac and renal disease","volume":"109","author":"Jain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.05.018","article-title":"Serum potassium, mortality, and kidney outcomes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","volume":"91","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c8","DOI":"10.1159\/000329511","article-title":"Association of hypo- and hyperkalemia with disease progression and mortality in males with chronic kidney disease: the role of race","volume":"120","author":"Hayes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2000.00381.x","article-title":"ACE inhibition or angiotensin receptor blockade: impact on potassium in renal failure. VAL-K Study Group","volume":"58","author":"Bakris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21B","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90934-X","article-title":"Electrolyte disarray and cardiovascular disease","volume":"63","author":"Hollifield","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1967.00300030022005","article-title":"Ectopic beats and atrioventricular conduction disturbances. In patients with hypopotassemia","volume":"120","author":"Davidson","year":"1967","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-4679(86)90174-5","article-title":"Hyperkalemia: ECG manifestations and clinical considerations","volume":"4","author":"Dittrich","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066605278969","article-title":"Hyperkalemia: a review","volume":"20","author":"Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.47.2.408","article-title":"Relation of electrolyte disturbances to cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"47","author":"Fisch","year":"1973","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22G","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90214-2","article-title":"Thiazide treatment of systemic hypertension: effects on serum magnesium and ventricular ectopic activity","volume":"63","author":"Hollifield","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.05.024","article-title":"Hypomagnesemia and mortality in incident hemodialysis patients","volume":"66","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00062.x","article-title":"QTc dispersion increases during hemodialysis with low-calcium dialysate","volume":"57","author":"Nappi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1939.127.3.430","article-title":"Factors affecting the toxicity of potassium","volume":"127","author":"Winkler","year":"1939","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"1 suppl","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib70","first-page":"I70","article-title":"Electrolyte abnormalities underlying lethal and ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"85","author":"Gettes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib71","first-page":"40","article-title":"Hyperkalemia revisited","volume":"33","author":"Parham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.132","article-title":"The frequency of hyperkalemia and its significance in chronic kidney disease","volume":"169","author":"Einhorn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01730215","article-title":"Association between serum potassium and outcomes in patients with reduced kidney function","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1985.tb02699.x","article-title":"Hypokalemia, arrhythmias and early prognosis in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"217","author":"Nordrehaug","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04451206","article-title":"Serum and dialysate potassium concentrations and survival in hemodialysis patients","volume":"2","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2636-7","article-title":"Association between hyperkalemia at critical care initiation and mortality","volume":"38","author":"McMahon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib77","first-page":"1","article-title":"KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1H520","article-title":"Laboratory evaluation of potassium and creatinine among ambulatory patients prescribed spironolactone: are we monitoring for hyperkalemia?","volume":"41","author":"Raebel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1217","article-title":"Laboratory monitoring of potassium and creatinine in ambulatory patients receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers","volume":"16","author":"Raebel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.06.010","article-title":"The adequacy of laboratory monitoring in patients treated with spironolactone for congestive heart failure","volume":"46","author":"Shah","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1303154","article-title":"Combined angiotensin inhibition for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"369","author":"Fried","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2011.09.009","article-title":"Metabolic complications associated with use of diuretics","volume":"31","author":"Palmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000134791.68010.FA","volume":"110","author":"Antman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.16.2429","article-title":"New guidelines for potassium replacement in clinical practice: a contemporary review by the National Council on Potassium in Clinical Practice","volume":"160","author":"Cohn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.06.021","article-title":"What is the optimal serum potassium level in cardiovascular patients?","volume":"43","author":"Macdonald","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpw030","article-title":"Diuretics for hypertension: a review and update","volume":"29","author":"Roush","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1981.00340080055014","article-title":"Moderate sodium restriction and various diuretics in the treatment of hypertension","volume":"141","author":"Ram","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198503213121203","article-title":"Potassium supplementation in hypertensive patients with diuretic-induced hypokalemia","volume":"312","author":"Kaplan","year":"1985","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000762","article-title":"Dose doubling, relative potency, and dose equivalence of potassium-sparing diuretics affecting blood pressure and serum potassium: systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"34","author":"Roush","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hypertens"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1990.00390180019003","article-title":"Combination of converting enzyme inhibitor with diuretic for the treatment of hypertension","volume":"150","author":"Townsend","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430040081010","article-title":"Blood pressure effects of the angiotensin II receptor blocker, losartan","volume":"155","author":"Weber","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"11-12, pt 1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb05654.x","article-title":"Attenuation of diuretic-induced hypokalemia by amiloride, a potassium-sparing agent","volume":"21","author":"Ram","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2010.00377.x","article-title":"Treatment considerations with aldosterone receptor antagonists","volume":"13","author":"Sica","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"issue":"6, pt 1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib94","first-page":"E953","article-title":"Independent stimulation of glucose metabolism and Na+-K+ exchange by insulin in the human forearm","volume":"255","author":"Ferrannini","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2014.168","article-title":"Management of hyperkalaemia in chronic kidney disease","volume":"10","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib96","first-page":"877","article-title":"The management of acute renal insufficiency","volume":"155","author":"Meroney","year":"1954","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(88)80086-X","article-title":"Effect of various therapeutic approaches on plasma potassium and major regulating factors in terminal renal failure","volume":"85","author":"Blumberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V981535","article-title":"Hyperkalemia: a potential silent killer","volume":"9","author":"Weiner","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07363","article-title":"Antihypertensive medications and the prevalence of hyperkalemia in a large health system","volume":"67","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"suppl 11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib100","first-page":"S212","article-title":"Evaluation of the treatment gap between clinical guidelines and the utilization of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors","volume":"21","author":"Epstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e318279b105","article-title":"Management of hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients","volume":"347","author":"Fordjour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196101192640303","article-title":"Management of hyperkalemia with a cation-exchange resin","volume":"264","author":"Scherr","year":"1961","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20987","article-title":"Secondary prevention of hyperkalemia with sodium polystyrene sulfonate in cardiac and kidney patients on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition therapy","volume":"35","author":"Chernin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4294","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs293","article-title":"Asking the question again: are cation exchange resins effective for the treatment of hyperkalemia?","volume":"27","author":"Kamel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010010079","article-title":"Ion-exchange resins for the treatment of hyperkalemia: are they safe and effective?","volume":"21","author":"Sterns","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/01720610-201210000-00008","article-title":"Colonic ulceration in a patient with renal disease and hyperkalemia","volume":"25","author":"Chelcun","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAAPA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80544-0","article-title":"Intestinal necrosis associated with postoperative orally administered sodium polystyrene sulfonate in sorbitol","volume":"20","author":"Gerstman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.08.016","article-title":"Gastrointestinal adverse events with sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) use: a systematic review","volume":"126","author":"Harel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.04.023","article-title":"Association of prescription of oral sodium polystyrene sulfonate with sorbitol in an inpatient setting with colonic necrosis: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"60","author":"Watson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq502","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of RLY5016, a polymeric potassium binder, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with chronic heart failure (the PEARL-HF) trial","volume":"32","author":"Pitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.11.71","article-title":"PEARL-HF: prevention of hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure using a novel polymeric potassium binder, RLY5016","volume":"8","author":"Buysse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Future Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1410853","article-title":"Patiromer in patients with kidney disease and hyperkalemia receiving RAAS inhibitors","volume":"372","author":"Weir","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.7446","article-title":"Effect of patiromer on serum potassium level in patients with hyperkalemia and diabetic kidney disease: the AMETHYST-DN randomized clinical trial","volume":"314","author":"Bakris","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411487","article-title":"Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate in hyperkalemia","volume":"372","author":"Packham","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.15688","article-title":"Effect of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate on potassium lowering for 28 days among outpatients with hyperkalemia: the HARMONIZE randomized clinical trial","volume":"312","author":"Kosiborod","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.09.003","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000}}],"container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638617309216?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638617309216?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T09:03:27Z","timestamp":1750928607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272638617309216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272638617309216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-6386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-6386","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Potassium Homeostasis in Health and Disease: A Scientific Workshop Cosponsored by the National Kidney Foundation and the American Society of Hypertension","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published jointly in American Journal of Kidney Diseases and the Journal of the American society of Hypertension by Elsevier Inc, on behalf of the National Kidney Foundation and the American Society of Hypertension.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}