{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T03:39:54Z","timestamp":1793936394256,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566432000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":355,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["F32 DK109561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32 DK109561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health","award":["K23 DK109401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 DK109401"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajkd.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T08:32:10Z","timestamp":1523349130000},"page":"337-348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["A Comparative Study of Carvedilol Versus Metoprolol Initiation and 1-Year Mortality Among Individuals Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Magdalene M.","family":"Assimon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Alan","family":"Brookhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason P.","family":"Fine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Heiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Bradley","family":"Layton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Flythe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3 suppl 1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A7","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.12.004","article-title":"US Renal Data System 2016 annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States","volume":"69","author":"Saran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.11.1377","article-title":"Underrepresentation of renal disease in randomized controlled trials of cardiovascular disease","volume":"296","author":"Coca","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.6102","article-title":"Representation of patients with kidney disease in trials of cardiovascular interventions: an updated systematic review","volume":"176","author":"Konstantinidis","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-14-249","article-title":"Patterns in blood pressure medication use in US incident dialysis patients over the first 6 months","volume":"14","author":"St Peter","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014040324","article-title":"\u03b2-Blocker dialyzability and mortality in older patients receiving hemodialysis","volume":"26","author":"Weir","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.10.029","article-title":"The beta-Blocker to Lower Cardiovascular Dialysis Events (BLOCADE) feasibility study: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"67","author":"Roberts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg231","article-title":"Evaluating medication effects outside of clinical trials: new-user designs","volume":"158","author":"Ray","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib8","unstructured":"United States Renal Data System. ESRD Analytic Methods. https:\/\/www.usrds.org\/2016\/view\/v2_00_appx.aspx. Accessed July 11, 2017."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj149","article-title":"Variable selection for propensity score models","volume":"163","author":"Brookhart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012121164","article-title":"Infection risk with bolus versus maintenance iron supplementation in hemodialysis patients","volume":"24","author":"Brookhart","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.11.030","article-title":"The comparative short-term effectiveness of iron dosing and formulations in US\u00a0hemodialysis patients","volume":"126","author":"Kshirsagar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.11.015","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of calcium acetate and sevelamer on clinical outcomes in elderly hemodialysis patients enrolled in Medicare Part D","volume":"64","author":"Yusuf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.06.015","article-title":"Hospitalization in daily home hemodialysis and matched thrice-weekly in-center hemodialysis patients","volume":"65","author":"Weinhandl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv214","article-title":"Counterpoint: the treatment decision design","volume":"182","author":"Brookhart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3922","article-title":"Controlling confounding of treatment effects in administrative data in the presence of time-varying baseline confounders","volume":"25","author":"Gilbertson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1080\/03610910902859574","article-title":"Using the standardized difference to compare the prevalence of a binary variable between two groups in observational research","volume":"38","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun Stat Simul Comput"},{"issue":"446","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474144","article-title":"A\u00a0proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk","volume":"94","author":"Fine","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5642","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7084","article-title":"Variance estimation when using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) with survival analysis","volume":"35","author":"Austin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn164","article-title":"Constructing inverse probability weights for marginal structural models","volume":"168","author":"Cole","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000359","article-title":"Propensity score methods for confounding control in nonexperimental research","volume":"6","author":"Brookhart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.01.545","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the effects of carvedilol versus metoprolol on all-cause mortality and hospitalizations in patients with heart failure","volume":"115","author":"Briasoulis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4 suppl 3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib22","first-page":"S1","article-title":"K\/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients","volume":"45","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib23","first-page":"ii22","article-title":"EBPG guideline on haemodynamic instability","volume":"22","author":"Kooman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib24","unstructured":"Mactier R, Hoenich N, Breen C. UK Renal Association clinical practice guidelines: haemodialysis. http:\/\/www.renal.org\/guidelines\/modules\/haemodialysis#sthash.eBdbSrRk.dpbs, 2009. Accessed December 23,\u00a02017."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014020222","article-title":"Association of mortality risk with various definitions of intradialytic hypotension","volume":"26","author":"Flythe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00241-9","article-title":"Carvedilol increases two-year survival in dialysis patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a prospective, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Cice","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gft515","article-title":"Hypertension in hemodialysis patients treated with atenolol or lisinopril: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00636.x","article-title":"Blood pressure and long-term mortality in United States hemodialysis patients: USRDS Waves 3 and 4 Study","volume":"62","author":"Foley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.08.028","article-title":"Characteristics of treated hypertension in incident hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"42","author":"Griffith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.22.2465","article-title":"beta-Blocker use in long-term dialysis patients: association with hospitalized heart failure and mortality","volume":"164","author":"Abbott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00473.x","article-title":"Cardiac medications and their association with cardiovascular events in incident dialysis patients: cause or effect?","volume":"65","author":"Ishani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c132","DOI":"10.1159\/000232593","article-title":"Beta-blocker prescription and outcomes in hemodialysis patients from the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study","volume":"113","author":"Nakao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.06.024","article-title":"beta-Blockers for prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients on hemodialysis: a propensity score analysis of the HEMO Study","volume":"58","author":"Tangri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr460","article-title":"Beta-blockers and cardiovascular\u00a0outcomes in dialysis patients: a cohort study in Ontario, Canada","volume":"27","author":"Kitchlu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0233-3","article-title":"Effectiveness\u00a0comparison of cardio-selective to non-selective beta-blockers and their association with mortality and morbidity in end-stage renal disease: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Shireman","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.02.387","article-title":"Geographic variation in cardioprotective antihypertensive medication usage in dialysis patients","volume":"58","author":"Wetmore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.469","article-title":"Blood pressure in chronic kidney disease stage 5D-report from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes controversies conference","volume":"77","author":"Levin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02680314","article-title":"Intradialytic hypotension\u00a0and risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"9","author":"Stefansson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfx037","article-title":"Intradialytic hypotension, blood pressure changes and mortality risk in incident hemodialysis patients","volume":"33","author":"Chou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010101119","article-title":"Intradialytic hypotension and vascular access thrombosis","volume":"22","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib41","series-title":"Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research: A User's Guide","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocw057","article-title":"Predicting mortality over different time horizons: which data elements are needed?","volume":"24","author":"Goldstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Inform Assoc"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638618305444?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638618305444?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T03:10:42Z","timestamp":1759461042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272638618305444"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272638618305444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-6386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-6386","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Comparative Study of Carvedilol Versus Metoprolol Initiation and 1-Year Mortality Among Individuals Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.02.350","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}