{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:09:24Z","timestamp":1792091364104,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajkd.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,24]],"date-time":"2018-08-24T19:21:36Z","timestamp":1535138496000},"page":"248-257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["The Role for Protein Restriction in Addition to Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in the\u00a0Management of CKD"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Koppe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Fouque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfx333","article-title":"Pro: the rationale for dietary therapy for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease","volume":"33","author":"Kopple","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198209093071104","article-title":"Dietary protein intake and the progressive nature of kidney disease: the role of hemodynamically mediated glomerular injury in the pathogenesis of progressive glomerular sclerosis in aging, renal ablation, and intrinsic renal disease","volume":"307","author":"Brenner","year":"1982","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1700312","article-title":"Nutritional management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"377","author":"Kalantar-Zadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/10.4.497","article-title":"Additive antiproteinuric effect of ACE inhibition and a low-protein diet in human renal disease","volume":"10","author":"Gansevoort","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.05.004","article-title":"Effect of urine urea nitrogen and protein intake adjusted by using the estimated urine creatinine excretion rate on the antiproteinuric effect of angiotensin II type I receptor blockers","volume":"31","author":"Chin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516003536","article-title":"Low-protein diet supplemented with ketoacids ameliorates proteinuria in 3\/4 nephrectomised rats by directly inhibiting the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system","volume":"116","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br\u00a0J Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib7","first-page":"492","article-title":"Effects of dietary protein and captopril on glomerular permselectivity in rats with unilateral nephrectomy","volume":"59","author":"Cartwright","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lab Invest J Tech Methods Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00994.x","article-title":"Angiotensin II blockade and\u00a0low-protein diet produce additive therapeutic effects in experimental glomerulonephritis","volume":"57","author":"Peters","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V361307","article-title":"Additive antiproteinuric effect of converting enzyme inhibition and a low protein intake","volume":"3","author":"Ruilope","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1990.42","article-title":"Enalapril and low protein reverse chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy","volume":"37","author":"Marinides","year":"1990","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-002-0220-0","article-title":"Carbonic adsorbent AST-120 retards progression of renal failure by additive effect with ACEI and protein restriction diet","volume":"7","author":"Imai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib12","first-page":"584","article-title":"Nutritional management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"378","author":"Berns","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2004.08.020","article-title":"High-protein diets: potential effects on the kidney in renal health and disease","volume":"44","author":"Friedman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib14","first-page":"245","article-title":"Protein intake and long-term change in glomerular filtration rate in the Jackson Heart Study","volume":"28","author":"Malhotra","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ren Nutr"},{"issue":"3, pt 2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib15","first-page":"F444","article-title":"Effects of plasma amino acid and hormone levels on renal hemodynamics in humans","volume":"255","author":"Castellino","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.06.003","article-title":"Attenuation of the activated mammalian target of rapamycin pathway might be associated with renal function reserve by a low-protein diet in the rat remnant kidney model","volume":"33","author":"Ohkawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.69.247","article-title":"Effects of low protein intake on the development of the remaining kidney in subtotally nephrectomized immature rats: apoptosis and epidermal growth factor","volume":"69","author":"Mino","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"6, pt 2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib18","first-page":"F884","article-title":"Protein restriction reduces transforming growth factor-beta and interstitial fibrosis in nephrotic syndrome","volume":"266","author":"Eddy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1986.215","article-title":"Chronic effects of dietary protein in the rat with intact and reduced renal mass","volume":"30","author":"Hostetter","year":"1986","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.07505.x","article-title":"Glomerular hypertension, abnormal glomerular growth, and progression of renal diseases","volume":"57","author":"Fogo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.210","article-title":"Low protein diet blunts the rise in glomerular gene expression in focal glomerulosclerosis","volume":"45","author":"Nakamura","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9765","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.21.9765","article-title":"Dietary protein restriction rapidly reduces transforming growth factor beta 1 expression in experimental glomerulonephritis","volume":"88","author":"Okuda","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199403313301301","article-title":"The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group","volume":"330","author":"Klahr","year":"1994","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib24","first-page":"CD001892","article-title":"Low protein diets for chronic kidney disease in non diabetic adults","volume":"3","author":"Fouque","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002934","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002934","article-title":"Effect of low-protein diet on kidney function in diabetic nephropathy: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"3","author":"Nezu","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.147","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of protein energy wasting in chronic kidney disease patients: a consensus statement by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"84","author":"Ikizler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e328031f362","article-title":"Angiotensin-(1-7) and the renin-angiotensin system","volume":"16","author":"Santos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.59.3.3","article-title":"The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system: from physiology to the pathobiology of hypertension and kidney disease","volume":"59","author":"Kobori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116710","article-title":"Angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of cultured murine proximal tubular cells is mediated by endogenous transforming growth factor-beta","volume":"92","author":"Wolf","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000320359","article-title":"Angiotensin II and its role in tubular epithelial to mesenchymal transition associated with chronic kidney disease","volume":"193","author":"Burns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112528","article-title":"Therapeutic advantage of converting enzyme inhibitors in arresting progressive renal disease associated with systemic hypertension in the rat","volume":"77","author":"Anderson","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114470","article-title":"Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition ameliorates glomerular filtration of macromolecules and water and lessens glomerular injury in the rat","volume":"85","author":"Remuzzi","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050701","article-title":"Permselective dysfunction of podocyte-podocyte contact upon angiotensin II unravels the molecular target for renoprotective intervention","volume":"168","author":"Macconi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1995.476","article-title":"ACE inhibition reduces proteinuria, glomerular lesions and extracellular matrix production in a normotensive rat model of immune complex nephritis","volume":"48","author":"Ruiz-Ortega","year":"1995","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70037-5","article-title":"Captopril-induced reduction of serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 correlates with long-term renoprotection in insulin-dependent diabetic patients","volume":"34","author":"Sharma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms of renal fibrosis: a review of animal models and therapeutic strategies","volume":"31","author":"Nogueira","year":"2017","journal-title":"In\u00a0Vivo"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.8.936","article-title":"Renal outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or a calcium channel blocker vs a diuretic: a report from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)","volume":"165","author":"Rahman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011303","article-title":"Renoprotective effect\u00a0of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients\u00a0with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes","volume":"345","author":"Lewis","year":"2001","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-5-199709010-00001","article-title":"Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on the progression of nondiabetic renal disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibition and Progressive Renal Disease Study Group","volume":"127","author":"Giatras","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.10.011","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"67","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.050","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker use, and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"63","author":"Molnar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3109\/08860229609052787","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of a low-protein diet with the effects of a converting enzyme inhibitor on the progression of renal insufficiency in hypertensive rats","volume":"18","author":"Cervenka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113158","article-title":"Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on altered renal hemodynamics induced by low protein diet in the rat","volume":"80","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Repollet","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.67.2.440","article-title":"Effect of protein intake on regional vascular resistance and reactivity to angiotensin II in the rat","volume":"67","author":"Murray","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.118","article-title":"Nutrition and chronic kidney disease","volume":"80","author":"Fouque","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-014-0947-4","article-title":"Dietary phosphorus restriction by a standard low-protein diet decreased serum fibroblast growth factor 23 levels in patients with early and advanced stage chronic kidney disease","volume":"18","author":"Goto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011020175","article-title":"Phosphate may promote CKD progression and attenuate renoprotective effect of ACE inhibition","volume":"22","author":"Zoccali","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.194","article-title":"Dietary phosphate restriction suppresses phosphaturia but does not prevent FGF23 elevation in a mouse model of chronic kidney disease","volume":"84","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib49","first-page":"838","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo klotho gene transfer ameliorates angiotensin II-induced renal damage","volume":"39","author":"Mitani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertens Dallas Tex 1979"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70775","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070775","article-title":"Renal expression of FGF23 in progressive renal disease of diabetes and the effect of ACE inhibitor","volume":"8","author":"Zanchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq537","article-title":"Angiotensin II blockade upregulates the expression of Klotho, the anti-ageing gene, in an experimental model of chronic cyclosporine nephropathy","volume":"26","author":"Yoon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07640711","article-title":"Acute effects of very-low-protein diet on FGF23 levels: a randomized study","volume":"7","author":"Di Iorio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E69","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9010069","article-title":"Very low-protein diet (VLPD) reduces metabolic acidosis in subjects with chronic kidney disease: the \u201cnutritional light signal\u201d of the renal acid load","volume":"9","author":"Di Iorio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib54","first-page":"617","article-title":"Amelioration of metabolic acidosis in patients with low GFR reduced kidney endothelin production and kidney injury, and better preserved GFR","volume":"77","author":"Phisitkul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney\u00a0Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.267","article-title":"Angiotensin II receptors mediate increased distal nephron acidification caused by acid retention","volume":"82","author":"Wesson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34026","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034026","article-title":"Uremic toxins induce kidney fibrosis by activating intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system associated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"7","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0402.102619","article-title":"The AT(1)-type angiotensin receptor in oxidative stress and atherogenesis: part II: AT(1) receptor regulation","volume":"105","author":"Nickenig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007060693","article-title":"Effects of dietary sodium and hydrochlorothiazide on the antiproteinuric efficacy of losartan","volume":"19","author":"Vogt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011040430","article-title":"Sodium intake, ACE inhibition, and progression to ESRD","volume":"23","author":"Vegter","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001955","article-title":"Very low protein diet supplemented with ketoanalogs improves blood pressure control in chronic kidney disease","volume":"71","author":"Bellizzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs477","article-title":"Phosphate attenuates the anti-proteinuric effect of very low-protein diet in CKD patients","volume":"28","author":"Di Iorio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0874-y","article-title":"Effects of dietary protein restriction on albumin and fibrinogen synthesis in macroalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"51","author":"Giordano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015040369","article-title":"Ketoanalogue-supplemented vegetarian very low-protein diet and CKD progression","volume":"27","author":"Garneata","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.0600031131.x","article-title":"Proteinuria as a modifiable risk factor for the progression of non-diabetic renal disease","volume":"60","author":"Jafar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib65","first-page":"250","article-title":"Restricted protein diet is associated with decrease in proteinuria: consequences on the progression of renal failure","volume":"17","author":"Chauveau","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ren Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1985.10","article-title":"A\u00a0method for estimating nitrogen intake of patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"27","author":"Maroni","year":"1985","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.3.660","article-title":"Low-protein diet for diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"88","author":"Pan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.420","article-title":"The mean dietary protein intake at different stages of chronic kidney disease is higher than current guidelines","volume":"83","author":"Moore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109784","article-title":"Mechanism of reduced glomerular filtration rate in chronic malnutrition","volume":"65","author":"Ichikawa","year":"1980","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114546","article-title":"Effect of dietary protein on rat renin and angiotensinogen gene expression","volume":"85","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108293","article-title":"Angiotensin II effects upon the glomerular microcirculation and ultrafiltration coefficient of the rat","volume":"57","author":"Blantz","year":"1976","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00164.x","article-title":"Targeting TGF-beta overexpression in renal disease: maximizing the antifibrotic action of angiotensin II blockade","volume":"54","author":"Peters","year":"1998","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.539","article-title":"Low-protein diet supplemented with ketoacids reduces the severity of renal disease in 5\/6 nephrectomized rats: a role for KLF15","volume":"79","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib74","first-page":"73","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 23 modifies the pharmacological effects of angiotensin receptor blockade in experimental renal fibrosis","volume":"32","author":"de Jong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2012.11.001","article-title":"Dietary acid load: a novel nutritional target in chronic kidney disease?","volume":"20","author":"Scialla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000032418.67267.F2","article-title":"Angiotensin II receptor antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors lower in\u00a0vitro the formation of advanced glycation end products: biochemical mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Miyata","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3-6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016_bib77","first-page":"179","article-title":"Indoxyl sulfate and progression of renal failure: effects of a low-protein diet and oral sorbent on\u00a0indoxyl sulfate production in uremic rats and undialyzed uremic patients","volume":"23","author":"Niwa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Miner Electrolyte Metab"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638618308229?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638618308229?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T03:15:09Z","timestamp":1759461309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272638618308229"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272638618308229"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-6386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-6386","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Role for Protein Restriction in Addition to Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in the\u00a0Management of CKD","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.06.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}