{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:53:10Z","timestamp":1787161990443,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61721475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61721475"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1I01CX001112-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01CX001112-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK101500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK101500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004337","name":"Roche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007856","name":"Baylor College of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013995","name":"Sanofi Genzyme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajkd.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T02:11:59Z","timestamp":1584583919000},"page":"935-945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With CKD"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Carl P.","family":"Walther","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Nambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola A.","family":"Hanania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sankar D.","family":"Navaneethan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"25","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.032","article-title":"Definitions and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"62","author":"Hoeper","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv317","article-title":"2015 ESC\/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"37","author":"Gali\u00e8","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01913-2018","article-title":"Haemodynamic definitions and updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"53","author":"Simonneau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00145608","article-title":"Pulmonary\u00a0arterial pressure during rest and exercise in healthy subjects: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Kovacs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.11.018","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension, mortality, and cardiovascular disease in CKD and ESRD patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.029","article-title":"Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"62","author":"Simonneau","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.023","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension: epidemiology and registries","volume":"62","author":"McGoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00092306","article-title":"An epidemiological study of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"30","author":"Peacock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2011.87","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease: pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Schermuly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"1 suppl","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.009","article-title":"Development and pathology of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"54","author":"Tuder","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199306173282402","article-title":"Expression of endothelin-1 in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"328","author":"Giaid","year":"1993","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12 suppl S","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.02.029","article-title":"Cellular and molecular pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Humbert","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207093270202","article-title":"An imbalance between the excretion of thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"327","author":"Christman","year":"1992","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01889-2018","article-title":"Risk stratification and medical therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"53","author":"Galie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1086\/690018","article-title":"Kidney dysfunction in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"7","author":"Nickel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12616","article-title":"Sildenafil improves renal function in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"80","author":"Webb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.085761","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease","volume":"126","author":"Guazzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.051","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in heart failure: pathophysiology, pathobiology, and emerging clinical perspectives","volume":"69","author":"Guazzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.37.1.26","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular changes associated with isolated mitral stenosis in India","volume":"37","author":"Tandon","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.3.622","article-title":"Vulnerability of pulmonary capillaries in heart disease","volume":"92","author":"West","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.036","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung diseases","volume":"62","author":"Seeger","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"9815","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61621-8","article-title":"Clinical features of paediatric pulmonary hypertension: a registry study","volume":"379","author":"Berger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252345","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/252345","article-title":"The impact of pulmonary arterial pressure on exercise capacity in mild-to-moderate cystic fibrosis: a case control study","volume":"2012","author":"Manika","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pulm Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200401-006OC","article-title":"Severe pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"172","author":"Chaouat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00115402","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"21","author":"Barber\u00e0","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25855","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25855","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with risk of chronic kidney disease: a nationwide case-cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1159\/000444422","article-title":"Mortality outcomes of patients with chronic kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"43","author":"Navaneethan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"issue":"143","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0112-2016","article-title":"The pathophysiology of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"26","author":"Simonneau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib29","first-page":"435","article-title":"Group 4 pulmonary hypertension: chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00169113","article-title":"Microvascular disease in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a role for pulmonary veins and systemic vasculature","volume":"44","author":"Dorfm\u00fcller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib31","first-page":"443","article-title":"Group 5 pulmonary hypertension","volume":"34","author":"Kalantari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.07.029","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in CKD","volume":"61","author":"Bolignano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014111111","article-title":"Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of pulmonary hypertension in CKD","volume":"27","author":"Navaneethan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1177\/2045893217716108","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease: invasive hemodynamic etiology and outcomes","volume":"7","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib35","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension subtypes and mortality in CKD [published online ahead of print 3019]","author":"Edmonston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035310","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis and without dialysis: results of the PEPPER-Study (PH in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease)","volume":"7","author":"Pabst","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/15.2.218","article-title":"Morphology of coronary atherosclerotic lesions in patients with end-stage renal failure","volume":"15","author":"Schwarz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015060617","article-title":"Aortic aging in ESRD: structural, hemodynamic, and mortality implications","volume":"27","author":"London","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F891","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00163.2014","article-title":"A\u00a0current understanding of vascular calcification in CKD","volume":"307","author":"Paloian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017101102","article-title":"The ebb and flow of echocardiographic cardiac function parameters in relationship to hemodialysis treatment in patients with ESRD","volume":"29","author":"Loutradis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1159\/000348804","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in renal disease: epidemiology, potential mechanisms and implications","volume":"37","author":"Kawar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00465.x","article-title":"Increased prevalence of oxidant stress and inflammation in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease","volume":"65","author":"Oberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016030317","article-title":"Arterial and cellular inflammation in patients with CKD","volume":"28","author":"Bernelot Moens","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0101-8","article-title":"Evolving concepts in the pathogenesis of uraemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001976","article-title":"Elevated plasma marinobufagenin, an endogenous cardiotonic steroid, is associated with right ventricular dysfunction and nitrative stress in heart failure","volume":"8","author":"Kennedy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-007-9269-8","article-title":"The relationship between arteriovenous fistula blood flow rate and pulmonary artery pressure in hemodialysis patients","volume":"40","author":"Acarturk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2010.00478.x","article-title":"The long-term effects of arteriovenous fistula creation on the development of pulmonary hypertension in hemodialysis patients","volume":"14","author":"Unal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hemodial Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/1753465808089456","article-title":"Arterio-venous access in end-stage renal disease patients and pulmonary hypertension","volume":"2","author":"Yigla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh840","article-title":"The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in haemodialysis patients via arterio-venous access","volume":"20","author":"Nakhoul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2004.01.016","article-title":"Arteriovenous fistula-associated high-output cardiac failure: a review of mechanisms","volume":"43","author":"Macrae","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/1474515111429649","article-title":"Cluster analysis of symptoms in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Matura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12548","article-title":"Why is your patient still short of breath? Understanding the complex pathophysiology of dyspnea in chronic kidney disease","volume":"30","author":"Salerno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Seminars in Dialysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2010.08.009","article-title":"Symptoms characteristic of heart failure among CKD patients without diagnosed heart failure","volume":"17","author":"Shlipak","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01904-2018","article-title":"Diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"53","author":"Frost","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp297","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"30","author":"Sirnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01897-2018","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease","volume":"53","author":"Vachiery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.186","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic and end-stage kidney disease","volume":"84","author":"Sise","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00078207","article-title":"Endothelin receptor antagonists in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"31","author":"Dupuis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"12 suppl","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.02.042","article-title":"Endothelin receptor antagonists in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Channick","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib60","first-page":"CD004434","article-title":"Endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.84","article-title":"Epidemiology and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"14","author":"Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib62","first-page":"391","article-title":"Prostacyclin therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"37","author":"Ruan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib63","first-page":"CD012785","article-title":"Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"5","author":"Barnes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib64","first-page":"CD011205","article-title":"Guanylate cyclase stimulators for pulmonary hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Wardle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib65","first-page":"CD012621","article-title":"Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension","volume":"1","author":"Barnes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib66","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers for pulmonary\u00a0arterial hypertension","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000468","article-title":"High prevalence of occult pulmonary venous hypertension revealed by fluid challenge in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"7","author":"Robbins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03650807","article-title":"On the importance of pedal edema in hemodialysis patients","volume":"3","author":"Agarwal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.175","article-title":"Diuretic use in renal disease","volume":"8","author":"Sica","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.129","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis and management of hypertension among patients on chronic dialysis","volume":"12","author":"Georgianos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.125674","article-title":"Dry-Weight Reduction in Hypertensive Hemodialysis Patients (DRIP): a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Agarwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001043","article-title":"Evaluation and management of pulmonary hypertension in kidney transplant candidates and recipients: concepts and controversies","volume":"101","author":"Lentine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3090","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq141","article-title":"Non-invasive detection of pulmonary hypertension prior to renal transplantation is a predictor of increased risk for early graft dysfunction","volume":"25","author":"Zlotnick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.27","article-title":"High estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes in stage 2\u20134 chronic kidney disease","volume":"88","author":"Bolignano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003940","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension is associated with a higher risk of heart failure hospitalization and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: the Jackson Heart Study","volume":"10","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1159\/000453047","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension is associated with mortality and cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"45","author":"Reque","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2013.00332","article-title":"Association of pulmonary hypertension with mortality in incident peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"35","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-013-0486-z","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension as an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality and events in hemodialysis patients","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3908","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr661","article-title":"Prevalence, determinants and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension among hemodialysis patients","volume":"27","author":"Agarwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.05.008","article-title":"Cardiac disease evaluation and management among kidney and liver transplantation candidates: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation","volume":"60","author":"Lentine","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638620300366?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638620300366?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T09:26:02Z","timestamp":1777541162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272638620300366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272638620300366"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-6386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-6386","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With CKD","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}