{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T13:05:55Z","timestamp":1793970355524,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajkd.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T23:57:35Z","timestamp":1672876655000},"page":"43-52.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Acute Kidney Injury and Hair-Straightening Products: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Alon","family":"Bnaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabil","family":"Abu-Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pazit","family":"Beckerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Volkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keren","family":"Cohen-Hagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meidad","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Ben-chetrit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Ben Tikva Kagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shira","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadar Agmon","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwan Abu","family":"Sneineh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benaya","family":"Rozen-Zvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Borovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Tobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noa Berar","family":"Yanay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"Biton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avital","family":"Angel-Korman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Rappoport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adi","family":"Leiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Younes","family":"Bathish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeni","family":"Farber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maital","family":"Kaidar-Ronat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moshe","family":"Shashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raisa","family":"Kazarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil","family":"Chernin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyal","family":"Itzkowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jawad","family":"Atrash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nomy Levin","family":"Iaina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shai","family":"Efrati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elad","family":"Nizri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Lurie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ofer","family":"Ben Itzhak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suheir","family":"Assady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Kenig-Kozlovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Shavit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-019-04397-2","article-title":"Nephrotoxins and nephrotoxic acute kidney injury","volume":"35","author":"Uber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2010.03.011","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease associated with environmental toxins and exposures","volume":"17","author":"Soderland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.10.046","article-title":"Toxic nephropathies: core curriculum 2010","volume":"55","author":"Perazella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1159\/000514367","article-title":"Straight to the point: what do we know so far on hair straightening?","volume":"7","author":"Barreto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Skin Appendage Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib5","unstructured":"Committee to Review the Formaldehyde Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens; Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology; Division on Earth and Life Sciences; National Research Council. Review of the Formaldehyde Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens. Washington, DC, National Academies Press,\u00a02014."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12148","article-title":"Formaldehyde replacement with glyoxylic acid in semipermanent hair straightening: a new and multidisciplinary investigation","volume":"36","author":"Boga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cosmet Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2018.1508215","article-title":"Hair straightening products and the risk of occupational formaldehyde exposure in hairstylists","volume":"43","author":"Aglan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Chem Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib8","first-page":"129","article-title":"Acute kidney injury following usage of formaldehyde-free hair straightening products","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaa272","article-title":"Recent use of formaldehyde-\u2019free\u2019 hair straightening product and severe acute kidney injury","volume":"14","author":"Mitler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib10","first-page":"810","article-title":"Hair straightening \u2013 not straightforward","volume":"160","author":"Kaidar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Harefuah"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R31","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5713","article-title":"Acute Kidney Injury Network. Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury","volume":"11","author":"Mehta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1981.154","article-title":"A\u00a0method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions","volume":"30","author":"Naranjo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration). A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.06.021","article-title":"Etiologies, clinical features, and outcome of oxalate nephropathy","volume":"5","author":"Buysschaert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab145","article-title":"Oxalate nephropathy: a review","volume":"15","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.07.018","article-title":"Pathophysiology and management of hyperoxaluria and oxalate nephropathy: a review","volume":"79","author":"Demoulin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.5414\/CN109980","article-title":"Kidney oxalate crystal deposition in adult patients: A relatively common finding","volume":"93","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib18","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"Andersen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(98)00039-5","article-title":"Assessment of in\u00a0vitro percutaneous absorption of glycolic acid through human skin sections using a flow-through diffusion cell system","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib20","first-page":"187","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro percutaneous absorption of alpha hydroxy acids in human skin","volume":"48","author":"Kraeling","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Soc Cosmet Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2006.01.033","article-title":"Enhancing effect of alpha-hydroxyacids on \u201cin\u00a0vitro\u201d permeation across the human skin of compounds with different lipophilicity","volume":"314","author":"Copov\u00ed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.07.036","article-title":"Glyoxylate is a substrate of the sulfate-oxalate exchanger, sat-1, and increases its expression in HepG2 cells","volume":"54","author":"Schnedler","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2021060729","article-title":"Endogenous oxalate production in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 patients","volume":"32","author":"Garrelfs","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001906","article-title":"Hydroxyproline ingestion and urinary oxalate and glycolate excretion","volume":"70","author":"Knight","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(59)90568-5","article-title":"Toxicity of glycolic acid in male and female rats","volume":"84","author":"Silbergeld","year":"1959","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib26","first-page":"1127","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison between effects of pyruvate and herb medicines in preventing experimental oxalate urolithiasis in rats","volume":"32","author":"Ogawa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hinyokika Kiyo"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(65)90035-9","article-title":"Endogenous oxalate synthesis in male and female rats","volume":"7","author":"Richardson","year":"1965","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib28","first-page":"106","article-title":"Glycolate in the diet and its conversion to urinary oxalate in the rat","volume":"18","author":"Harris","year":"1980","journal-title":"Invest Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib29","first-page":"113","article-title":"Control of oxalate urolithiasis by DL-alanine","volume":"13","author":"Chow","year":"1975","journal-title":"Invest Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib30","first-page":"493","article-title":"Prevention of oxalate urolithiasis by various compounds","volume":"15","author":"Chow","year":"1978","journal-title":"Invest Urol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib31","first-page":"1675","article-title":"Renal failure after glycolic acid skin treatments","author":"Slavin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aesthetic Surg J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02760311","article-title":"Primary hyperoxaluria type III gene HOGA1 (formerly DHDPSL) as a possible risk factor for idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis","volume":"6","author":"Monico","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2012.139","article-title":"Novel findings in patients with primary hyperoxaluria type III and implications for advanced molecular testing strategies","volume":"21","author":"Beck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3191","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs039","article-title":"The enzyme 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase is deficient in primary hyperoxaluria type 3","volume":"27","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.03.026","article-title":"Mutations in SLC26A1 cause nephrolithiasis","volume":"98","author":"Gee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/541710","article-title":"Human SLC26A1 gene variants: a pilot study","volume":"2013","author":"Dawson","year":"2013","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00405","article-title":"Novel human polymorphisms define a key role for the SLC26A6-STAS domain in protection from Ca2+-oxalate lithogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Shimshilashvili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5192","article-title":"High expression of SLC26A6 in the kidney may contribute to renal calcification via an SLC26A6-dependent mechanism","volume":"6","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5S","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581813511831","article-title":"Amended safety assessment of formaldehyde and methylene glycol as used in cosmetics","volume":"32","author":"Boyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib43","first-page":"16","article-title":"The acute nephrotoxicity of systemically administered formaldehyde in rats","volume":"4","author":"Boj","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2017.02.008","article-title":"The exposure to formaldehyde causes renal dysfunction, inflammation and redox imbalance in rats","volume":"69","author":"Ramos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib45","first-page":"122","article-title":"Intravesicular formaldehyde instillation and renal complications","volume":"51","author":"Sarnak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib46","first-page":"527","article-title":"Toxic effects on the kidney by endovesical installations of formol. Hematogenic diffusion or reflux","volume":"86","author":"Merimsky","year":"1980","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2013.010","article-title":"Toxic effects of formaldehyde on the urinary system","volume":"39","author":"\u0130nci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Turk J Urol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2011.626259","article-title":"Characterization of\u00a0formaldehyde exposure resulting from the use of four professional hair straightening products","volume":"8","author":"Pierce","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12027","article-title":"Formaldehyde in hair straightening products: rapid 1H NMR determination and risk assessment","volume":"35","author":"Monakhova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cosmet Sci"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638623000069?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638623000069?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T03:47:19Z","timestamp":1759463239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272638623000069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0272638623000069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-6386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-6386","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Acute Kidney Injury and Hair-Straightening Products: A Case Series","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.11.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}