{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:40:34Z","timestamp":1792615234039,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ajkd.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T14:57:38Z","timestamp":1792508258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Urinary Metabolites in Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway and Risk of CKD Progression in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1053","author":[{"given":"Jian-Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huili","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Resham L.","family":"Gurung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janus","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lye Siang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhong","family":"Ching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keven","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subrata","family":"Debnath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagarjunachary","family":"Ragi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Pyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye Ji","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petter","family":"Bjornstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Chi","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A7","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.01.002","article-title":"US Renal Data System 2020 Annual Data Report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States","volume":"77","author":"Johansen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2023.151430","article-title":"Precision Medicine and\/or Biomarker Based Therapy in T2DM: Ready for Prime Time? Review","volume":"43","author":"Rossing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1178646917691938","article-title":"Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism: Regulatory and Functional Aspects. Review","volume":"10","author":"Badawy","year":"2017","journal-title":"International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6099","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16086","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1): an up-to-date overview of an eclectic immunoregulatory enzyme","volume":"289","author":"Pallotta","year":"2022","journal-title":"The FEBS journal"},{"issue":"10-11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1159\/000519811","article-title":"The Kynurenine Pathway in Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"52","author":"Wee","year":"2021","journal-title":"American journal of nephrology"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202300218","article-title":"The Role of Tryptophan Metabolism in the Occurrence and Progression of Acute and Chronic Kidney Diseases","volume":"67","author":"Hui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-1147","article-title":"Plasma Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites and Risk for Progression to End-Stage Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-025-01008-2","article-title":"Urine as a source of biomarkers and biological knowledge in chronic kidney disease","volume":"22","author":"Vlahou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3855","article-title":"Elevation of a novel angiogenic factor, leucine-rich-alpha2-glycoprotein (LRG1), is associated with arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, and peripheral arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"100","author":"Pek","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib10","article-title":"Urinary Branched-Chain Amino Acid Excretion and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.08.010","article-title":"Longitudinal Estimated GFR Trajectories in Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy","volume":"71","author":"Weldegiorgis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00070109","article-title":"Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study: baseline characteristics and associations with kidney function","volume":"4","author":"Lash","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14489","article-title":"Changes in plasma and urine metabolites associated with empagliflozin in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.003","article-title":"Tryptophan catabolites from microbiota engage aryl hydrocarbon receptor and balance mucosal reactivity via interleukin-22","volume":"39","author":"Zelante","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"7508","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13323","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor control of a disease tolerance defence pathway","volume":"511","author":"Bessede","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2009.02.002","article-title":"Effects of kynurenine metabolites on mesangial cell proliferation and gene expression","volume":"87","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Experimental and molecular pathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.302113","article-title":"Activation of NAD(P)H oxidase by tryptophan-derived 3-hydroxykynurenine accelerates endothelial apoptosis and dysfunction in vivo","volume":"114","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-019-0210-x","article-title":"Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase is a critical regulator of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"51","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.05.012","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for diabetic kidney disease","volume":"102","author":"Tuttle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-0841-5","article-title":"Increased urinary excretion of kynurenic acid is associated with non-recovery from acute kidney injury in critically ill patients","volume":"19","author":"Aregger","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19189","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.024042","article-title":"Kynurenic acid triggers firm arrest of leukocytes to vascular endothelium under flow conditions","volume":"284","author":"Barth","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2011.07.002","article-title":"On the antioxidant properties of kynurenic acid: free radical scavenging activity and inhibition of oxidative stress","volume":"33","author":"Lugo-Huitron","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology and teratology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01957","article-title":"Kynurenic Acid: The Janus-Faced Role of an Immunomodulatory Tryptophan Metabolite and Its Link to Pathological Conditions","volume":"8","author":"Wirthgen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00637514","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of tryptophan, renal handling of kynurenine and the effect of nicotinamide on its appearance in plasma and urine following L-tryptophan loading of healthy subjects","volume":"21","author":"Moller","year":"1981","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-025-01006-4","article-title":"A guide to uraemic toxicity","volume":"22","author":"Glorieux","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Kidney Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638626011790?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0272638626011790?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:48:02Z","timestamp":1792612082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0272638626011790"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["S0272638626011790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-6386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-6386","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Urinary Metabolites in Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway and Risk of CKD Progression in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2026.05.029","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}