{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:02:35Z","timestamp":1780498955706,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015773","name":"Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog\u00eda Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015773","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advances in Kidney Disease and Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T15:53:14Z","timestamp":1757778794000},"page":"350-356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Origin, a Tubulointerstitial Disease"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Madero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5939-6300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sreejith","family":"Parameswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2019.02.009","article-title":"CKD hotspots: challenges and areas of opportunity","volume":"39","author":"Obrador","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"issue":"9981","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61890-0","article-title":"Disparities in worldwide treatment of kidney failure","volume":"385","author":"Coresh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e307","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)00071-1","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk in six regions of the world (ISN-KDDC): a cross-sectional study","volume":"4","author":"Ene-Iordache","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"9981","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61601-9","article-title":"Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review","volume":"385","author":"Liyanage","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892002000900009","article-title":"[End-stage renal disease among patients in a referral hospital in El Salvador]","volume":"12","author":"Trabanino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.06.012","article-title":"Characterization of mesoamerican nephropathy in a kidney failure hotspot in Nicaragua","volume":"68","author":"Kupferman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.10.062","article-title":"CKD of unknown origin in Central America: the case for a Mesoamerican nephropathy","volume":"63","author":"Correa-Rotter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.37757\/MR2014.V16.N2.4","article-title":"Risk factors for reduced glomerular filtration rate in a Nicaraguan community affected by Mesoamerican nephropathy","volume":"16","author":"Raines","year":"2014","journal-title":"MEDICC Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102799","article-title":"Mesoamerican nephropathy: geographical distribution and time trends of chronic kidney disease mortality between 1970 and 2012 in Costa Rica","volume":"72","author":"Wesseling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.04.012","article-title":"Uddanam nephropathy\/regional nephropathy in India: preliminary findings and a plea for further research","volume":"68","author":"Ganguli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.08.032","article-title":"A newly recognized endemic region of CKD of undetermined etiology (CKDu) in south India-\"Tondaimandalam nephropathy\"","volume":"5","author":"Parameswaran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.07.031","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in India: what do we know and where we need to go","volume":"6","author":"John","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.196758","article-title":"Uddanam nephropathy in India: a challenge for epidemiologists","volume":"95","author":"Gadde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq385","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease in rural Nicaragua","volume":"26","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-023-03381-1","article-title":"Kidney disease characteristics, prevalence, and risk factors in Le\u00f3n, Nicaragua: a population-based study","volume":"24","author":"Strasma","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2023.10.026","article-title":"CKD is the major cause of death in Uddanam: a population-representative study using smart verbal autopsy","volume":"9","author":"Gummidi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30308-4","article-title":"Renal failure deaths and their risk factors in India 2001-13: nationally representative estimates from the Million Death Study","volume":"5","author":"Dare","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000874","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease with unknown cause across the global spectrum","volume":"32","author":"Nast","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2147\/IJNRD.S270709","article-title":"Mesoamerican nephropathy (MeN): what we know so far","volume":"13","author":"Sanchez Polo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2021.04.016","article-title":"Mesoamerican nephropathy and kidney disease progression: a case series of individuals with kidney biopsies from Nicaragua and El Salvador","volume":"3","author":"Wijkstr\u00f6m","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.03.898","article-title":"A systematic review of renal pathology in chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology","volume":"6","author":"Gunawardena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.11.009","article-title":"Chronic interstitial nephritis in agricultural communities is a toxin-induced proximal tubular nephropathy","volume":"97","author":"Vervaet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.04.057","article-title":"\"Dysmorphic\" lysosomes in proximal tubular cells are not specific for CINAC\/CKDu and do not provide evidence that CINAC\/CKDu is a toxin-induced disease","volume":"98","author":"Wijkstr\u00f6m","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfac018","article-title":"Histologic characterization and risk factors for persistent albuminuria in adolescents in a region of highly prevalent end-stage renal failure of unknown origin","volume":"15","author":"Macias Diaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.12.012","article-title":"Kidney biopsies among persons living in hotspots of CKDu: a position statement from the International Society of Nephrology's Consortium of Collaborators on CKDu","volume":"105","author":"Wijewickrama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004979","article-title":"Urinary biomarkers KIM-1 and NGAL for detection of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) among agricultural communities in Sri Lanka","volume":"10","author":"De Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2019.07.009","article-title":"Pilot study of renal urinary biomarkers for diagnosis of CKD of uncertain etiology","volume":"4","author":"Fernando","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8040","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10874-w","article-title":"Urinary biomarkers indicate pediatric renal injury among rural farming communities in Sri Lanka","volume":"12","author":"Gunasekara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.03.013","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease of UnceRtain etiology (CKDu) in agricultural communities (CURE) research consortium. Systematic review of kidney injury biomarkers for the evaluation of CKD of uncertain etiology","volume":"9","author":"Claudel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-016-0417-1","article-title":"International collaboration for the epidemiology of eGFR in low and middle income populations - rationale and core protocol for the disadvantaged populations eGFR epidemiology study (DEGREE)","volume":"18","author":"Caplin","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.11.028","article-title":"International prevalence patterns of low eGFR in adults aged 18-60 without traditional risk factors from a population-based cross-sectional disadvantaged populations eGFR epidemiology (DEGREE) study","volume":"107","author":"Rutter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2019.06.003","article-title":"Study to test and operationalize preventive approaches for CKD of undetermined etiology in Andhra Pradesh, India","volume":"4","author":"John","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2023.04.010","article-title":"Describing natural history and exploring risk factors for kidney function decline in persons with CKD of uncertain etiology in Sri dLanka","volume":"8","author":"Hewavitharana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyad151","article-title":"Population-level detection of early loss of kidney function: 7-year follow-up of a young adult cohort at risk of Mesoamerican nephropathy","volume":"53","author":"Gonzalez-Quiroz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Advances in Kidney Disease and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949813925000692?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949813925000692?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T04:41:59Z","timestamp":1758688919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2949813925000692"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S2949813925000692"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-8139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2949-8139","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Origin, a Tubulointerstitial Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Advances in Kidney Disease and Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.akdh.2025.06.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}