{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T00:59:13Z","timestamp":1790989153973,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]],"date-time":"2005-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1130803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,10]],"date-time":"2005-11-10T07:17:46Z","timestamp":1131607066000},"page":"1392-1399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["MLH1 Germline Epimutations as a Factor in Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Megan","family":"Hitchins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayfong","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimita","family":"Halani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vita A.P.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Packham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Buckle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Burn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Gallinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Goldblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Spigelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Suter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Suthers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.16154","article-title":"Late onset and high incidence of colon cancer of the mutator phenotype with hypermethylated hMLH1 gene in women","volume":"119","author":"Malkhosyan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.29616","article-title":"Extensive methylation of hMLH1 promoter region predominates in proximal colon cancer with microsatellite instability","volume":"121","author":"Miyakura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.32997","article-title":"CpG island methylation in sporadic colorectal cancers and its relationship to microsatellite instability","volume":"122","author":"Hawkins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib4","first-page":"3455","article-title":"Hypermethylation of the hMLH1 promoter in colon cancer with microsatellite instability","volume":"58","author":"Cunningham","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6870","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.6870","article-title":"Incidence and functional consequences of hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation in colorectal carcinoma","volume":"95","author":"Herman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s003840050123","article-title":"Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer","volume":"13","author":"Green","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4486","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.02.033","article-title":"Lower incidence of colorectal cancer and later age of disease onset in 27 families with pathogenic MSH6 germline mutations compared with families with MLH1 or MSH2 mutations","volume":"22","author":"Plaschke","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4721","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-03-2879","article-title":"Mismatch repair gene PMS2","volume":"64","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1001-137","article-title":"A role for MLH3 in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1294-405","article-title":"Loss of the wild type MLH1 gene is a feature of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer","volume":"8","author":"Hemminki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390050585","article-title":"Tumorigenesis in colorectal tumors from patients with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer","volume":"101","author":"Tannergard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1342","article-title":"Germline epimutation of MLH1 in individuals with multiple cancers","volume":"36","author":"Suter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib13","first-page":"3925","article-title":"A hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma case associated with hypermethylation of the MLH1 gene in normal tissue and loss of heterozygosity of the unmethylated allele in the resulting microsatellite instability-high tumor","volume":"62","author":"Gazzoli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(03)00314-8","article-title":"Extensive but hemiallelic methylation of the hMLH1 promoter region in early-onset sporadic colon cancers with microsatellite instability","volume":"2","author":"Miyakura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02053699","volume":"34","author":"Vasen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70510-X","article-title":"New clinical criteria for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome) proposed by the International Collaborative Group on HNPCC","volume":"116","author":"Vasen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh034","article-title":"Revised Bethesda Guidelines for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) and microsatellite instability","volume":"96","author":"Umar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddg110","article-title":"Conserved methylation imprints in the human and mouse GRB10 genes with divergent allelic expression suggests differential reading of the same mark","volume":"12","author":"Arnaud","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2","article-title":"Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction","volume":"162","author":"Chomczynski","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1993.236","article-title":"Rapid detection of allele loss in colorectal tumours using microsatellites and fluorescent DNA technology","volume":"67","author":"Cawkwell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508505017877?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508505017877?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,20]],"date-time":"2019-01-20T23:23:14Z","timestamp":1548026594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016508505017877"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016508505017877"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-5085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-5085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]}}}