{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:10:24Z","timestamp":1790500224309,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,8]],"date-time":"2008-05-08T10:10:55Z","timestamp":1210241455000},"page":"1789-1801","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Transplantation Immunology: What the Clinician Needs to Know for Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Hugo R.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199503270-00025","article-title":"Combined transplantation of liver and kidney from the same donor protects the kidney from rejection and improves kidney graft survival","volume":"59","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib2","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.medpagetoday.com\/Surgery\/Transplantation\/tb\/8085. United Network for Organ Sharing. Available at: http:\/\/www.unos.org."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib3","first-page":"S107","article-title":"Impact of immunosuppression and acute rejection on recurrence of hepatitis C: results of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Liver Transplantation Database","volume":"5","author":"Charlton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Liver Transpl Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/223472a0","article-title":"Induction of immunological tolerance by porcine liver allografts","volume":"223","author":"Calne","year":"1969","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199507000-00009","article-title":"Variable chimerism, graft versus host disease, and tolerance after different kinds of cell and whole organ transplantation from Lewis to Brown-Norway rats","volume":"60","author":"Murase","year":"1995","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190418","article-title":"Murine liver allograft transplantation: tolerance and donor cell chimerism","volume":"19","author":"Qian","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S151","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20959","article-title":"The unfinished legacy of liver transplantation: emphasis on immunology","volume":"43","author":"Starzl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20360","article-title":"Microchimerism after liver transplantation: absence of rejection without abrogation of anti-donor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated alloreactivity","volume":"11","author":"Bettens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17S","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000067946.90241.2F","article-title":"Passenger leukocytes and microchimerism: what role in tolerance induction?","volume":"75","author":"Wood","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199601150-00010","article-title":"Development, stability, and clinical correlations of allogeneic microchimerism after solid organ transplantation","volume":"61","author":"Hisanaga","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270406","article-title":"Defining the outcome of immunosuppression withdrawal after liver transplantation","volume":"27","author":"Devlin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/35105088","article-title":"Transplantation tolerance from a historical perspective","volume":"3","author":"Starzl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nri981","article-title":"Hepatic T cells and liver tolerance","volume":"3","author":"Crispe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20406","article-title":"Basic concepts in transplant immunology","volume":"11","author":"Martinez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.017419.x","article-title":"Immunological tolerance\u2014the liver effect","volume":"174","author":"Calne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-991511","article-title":"Innate immune response and hepatic inflammation","volume":"27","author":"Szabo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib17","series-title":"Liver immunology","first-page":"31","article-title":"Lymphoid repertoires in healthy liver","author":"Doherty","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(03)00039-6","article-title":"Natural killer cell receptor signaling","volume":"15","author":"Lanier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.2002.01066.x","article-title":"Having it all?","volume":"80","author":"Golden-Mason","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80206-7","article-title":"Resident human hepatic lymphocytes are phenotypically different from circulating lymphocytes","volume":"28","author":"Norris","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20708","article-title":"Natural killer cells: primary target for hepatitis C virus immune evasion strategies?","volume":"12","author":"Golden-Mason","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib22","series-title":"Transplantation of the liver","first-page":"211","article-title":"The immunology of hepatic allograft rejection","author":"Lilly","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5980","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.10.5980","article-title":"Adult human liver contains CD8+ T cells with naive phenotype, but is not a site for conventional alpha beta T cell development","volume":"172","author":"Golden-Mason","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20306","article-title":"Direct enumeration and functional assessment of circulating dendritic cells in patients with liver disease","volume":"40","author":"Wertheimer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0406-363","article-title":"Cross-priming","volume":"7","author":"Bevan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6018","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.9.6018","article-title":"Dendritic cells cross-dressed with peptide MHC class I complexes prime CD8+ T cells","volume":"177","author":"Dolan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21974","article-title":"Dendritic cells, the liver, and transplantation","volume":"46","author":"Sumpter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)01952-4","article-title":"Dendritic cells as a tool to induce anergic and regulatory T cells","volume":"22","author":"Jonuleit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/32588","article-title":"Dendritic cells and the control of immunity","volume":"392","author":"Banchereau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.08.010","article-title":"Hepatic environment elicits monocyte differentiation into a dendritic cell subset directing Th2 response","volume":"44","author":"Cabillic","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2003.00109.x","article-title":"Dendritic cell subset ratio in peripheral blood correlates with successful withdrawal of immunosuppression in liver transplant patients","volume":"3","author":"Mazariegos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00672.x","article-title":"Dendritic cell subset ratio in weaning and non-tolerant liver recipients is not affected by extent of immunosuppression","volume":"5","author":"Mazariegos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S727","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200406003-00005","article-title":"Immunoregulation in the liver and its extrahepatic relevance","volume":"39","author":"O'Farrelly","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979471","article-title":"The liver: a special case in transplant tolerance","volume":"27","author":"Benseler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.11.011","article-title":"Ito cells are liver-resident antigen-presenting cells for activating T cell responses","volume":"26","author":"Winau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib36","series-title":"Liver immunology","first-page":"59","article-title":"Role and function of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells","author":"Knolle","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.1.230","article-title":"Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are insufficient to activate T cells","volume":"173","author":"Katz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200526034","article-title":"Cross-presentation of oral antigens by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells leads to CD8 T cell tolerance","volume":"35","author":"Limmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Immonol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0214941","article-title":"Activation and inhibition of lymphocytes by costimulation","volume":"109","author":"Frauwirth","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.345","article-title":"Negative T cell costimulation and islet tolerance","volume":"19","author":"Gao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2005.08.021","article-title":"Time courses of B7 family molecules expressed on activated T-cells and their biological significance","volume":"236","author":"Sun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115611","article-title":"The B7 family revisited","volume":"23","author":"Greenwald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.080937","article-title":"Polymorphisms in the T cell regulatory gene cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 influence the rate of acute rejection after liver transplantation","volume":"55","author":"Tapirdamaz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib44","series-title":"The immune response: basic and clinical principles","first-page":"373","article-title":"T cell activation","author":"Mak","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib45","first-page":"A581","article-title":"Abundance of PD-1 and PD-L1 expressing CD8 T-cells in the liver may be key to hepatic tolerogenecity","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104533","article-title":"CD40\/CD154 interactions at the interface of tolerance and immunity","volume":"22","author":"Quezada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-6135.2003.00259.x","article-title":"Analysis of intragraft gene and protein expression of the costimulatory molecules, CD80, CD86 and CD154, in orthotopic liver transplant recipients","volume":"3","author":"Bartlett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500050108","article-title":"CD40L (CD154) expression in human liver allografts during chronic ductopenic rejection","volume":"5","author":"Gaweco","year":"1999","journal-title":"Liver Transpl Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2001.10201.x","article-title":"Allorecognition","volume":"1","author":"Rogers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0302-220","article-title":"A rendezvous before rejection: where do T cells meet transplant antigens?","volume":"8","author":"Briscoe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib51","first-page":"609","article-title":"Early events in liver allograft rejection: delineation of sites of simultaneous intragraft and recipient lymphoid tissue sensitization","volume":"138","author":"Demetris","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(02)00449-4","article-title":"The relative contribution of direct and indirect antigen recognition pathways to the alloresponse and graft rejection depends upon the nature of the transplant","volume":"63","author":"Illigens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(98)00566-1","article-title":"Role of the indirect recognition pathway in the development of chronic liver allograft rejection","volume":"30","author":"Renna-Molajoni","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21378","article-title":"Relative contribution of direct and indirect allorecognition in developing tolerance after liver transplantation","volume":"14","author":"Toyokawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5355","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.9.5355","article-title":"Selection of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells by donor HLA alleles following liver transplantation","volume":"173","author":"Rosen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60022-6","article-title":"Hepatic allograft rejection: new developments in terminology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment","volume":"68","author":"Wiesner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-916320","article-title":"Effector mechanisms of nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis in graft-versus-host disease and allograft rejection","volume":"25","author":"Adams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9041260","article-title":"Immunogenicity of biliary epithelium: study of the adhesive interaction with lymphocytes","volume":"112","author":"Leon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200112270-00016","article-title":"Differential expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors shapes the inflammatory response in rejecting human liver transplants","volume":"72","author":"Goddard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2004.09.007","article-title":"CTL secretory lysosomes: biogenesis and secretion of a harmful organelle","volume":"17","author":"Bossi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2002.34970","article-title":"Granzyme expression in fine-needle aspirates from liver allografts is increased during acute rejection","volume":"8","author":"Kuijf","year":"2002","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-991510","article-title":"Death receptor-mediated liver injury","volume":"27","author":"Akazawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0961","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease: HCV-induced liver injury","volume":"4","author":"Mengshol","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199904150-00027","article-title":"Apoptosis and the expression of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) antigen in rejection and reinfection in liver allograft specimens","volume":"15","author":"Tannapel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200106270-00020","article-title":"Apoptosis and allograft rejection in the absence of CD8 T cells","volume":"71","author":"Ogura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200401151-00009","article-title":"Human CD(4+)CD(25+) regulatory T cells and infectious tolerance","volume":"15","author":"Stassen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1027","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in transplantation tolerance","volume":"3","author":"Wood","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immuol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031579","article-title":"Loss of functional suppression by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"199","author":"Viglietta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2005.02145.x","article-title":"The negative regulatory function of the lymphocyte-activation gene-3 co-receptor (CD223) on human T cells","volume":"115","author":"Macon-Lemaitre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20060772","article-title":"CD127 expression inversely correlates with FoxP3 and suppressive function of human CD4+ T reg cells","volume":"203","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01829.x","article-title":"CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in transplantation: progress, challenges and prospects","volume":"7","author":"Kang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20612","article-title":"Low circulating regulatory T-cell levels after acute rejection in liver transplantation","volume":"12","author":"Demirkiran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000258597.97468.88","article-title":"Intrahepatic detection of FOXP3 gene expression after liver transplantation using minimally invasive aspiration biopsy","volume":"83","author":"Demirkiran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6066","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.10.6066","article-title":"Allosuppressive donor CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells detach from the graft and circulate in recipients after liver transplantation","volume":"178","author":"Demirkiran","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20614","article-title":"Immunosuppression in liver transplantation","volume":"11","author":"Post","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra033540","article-title":"Immunosuppressive drugs for kidney transplantation","volume":"351","author":"Halloran","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20373","article-title":"Immunosuppression in liver transplantation: beyond calcineurin inhibitors","volume":"11","author":"Fung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2001.24645","article-title":"mTOR inhibitors: an overview","volume":"6","author":"Neuhaus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000229473.95202.50","article-title":"Calcineurin inhibitors, but not rapamycin, reduce percentages of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in renal transplant recipients","volume":"82","author":"Segundo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.1.320","article-title":"Selective survival of naturally occurring human CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells cultured with rapamycin","volume":"178","author":"Strauss","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050085","article-title":"Costimulation blockade with belatacept in renal transplantation","volume":"353","author":"Vincenti","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000258647.50947.78","article-title":"Salvage chemotherapy for refractory and relapsed posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) after treatment with single-agent rituximab","volume":"83","author":"Trappe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21928","article-title":"Present status of ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation in Japan","volume":"47","author":"Egawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000280545.14489.df","article-title":"Blockade of LIGHT\/HVEM and B7\/CD28 signaling facilitates long-term islet graft survival with development of allospecific tolerance","volume":"84","author":"Fan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2007.05.001","article-title":"T cell immunomodulation\u2014the Holy Grail of therapeutic tolerance","volume":"7","author":"Isaacs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508508003004?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508508003004?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T18:50:39Z","timestamp":1546023039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016508508003004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016508508003004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.062","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-5085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-5085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}}}