{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:17:57Z","timestamp":1772137077792,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,2]],"date-time":"2008-07-02T13:09:40Z","timestamp":1215004180000},"page":"1200-1206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Is Associated With a Genetic Variant in the 3\u2032 Flanking Region of the CTLA4 Gene"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Juran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik M.","family":"Schlicht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brooke L.","family":"Fridley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos N.","family":"Lazaridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364248","article-title":"Genes and (auto)immunity in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"6","author":"Selmi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00678-0","article-title":"From bases to basis: linking genetics to causation in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"3","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.06.047","article-title":"American Gastroenterological Association future trends committee report: the application of genomic and proteomic technologies to digestive disease diagnosis and treatment and their likely impact on gastroenterology clinical practice","volume":"129","author":"Lazaridis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1944","article-title":"Genetics of autoimmune diseases\u2013disorders of immune homeostasis","volume":"7","author":"Gregersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03724","article-title":"Cellular and genetic mechanisms of self tolerance and autoimmunity","volume":"435","author":"Goodnow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(94)90071-X","article-title":"CTLA-4 can function as a negative regulator of T-cell activation","volume":"1","author":"Walunas","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.6.2541","article-title":"CTLA-4 ligation blocks CD28-dependent T-cell activation","volume":"183","author":"Walunas","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5813","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.10.5813","article-title":"CTLA-4-mediated inhibition of early events of T cell proliferation","volume":"162","author":"Brunner","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5238.985","article-title":"Lymphoproliferative disorders with early lethality in mice deficient in Ctla-4","volume":"270","author":"Waterhouse","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90125-6","article-title":"Loss of CTLA-4 leads to massive lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction, revealing a critical negative regulatory role of CTLA-4","volume":"3","author":"Tivol","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363655","article-title":"CTLA-4 in autoimmune diseases\u2014a general susceptibility gene to autoimmunity?","volume":"1","author":"Kristiansen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-002-0429-9","article-title":"A polymorphism in the human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) gene (exon 1 +49) alters T-cell activation","volume":"54","author":"Maurer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46478","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206894200","article-title":"A common autoimmunity predisposing signal peptide variant of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 results in inefficient glycosylation of the susceptibility allele","volume":"277","author":"Anjos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363752","article-title":"CTLA-4 gene expression is influenced by promoter and exon 1 polymorphisms","volume":"2","author":"Ligers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01621","article-title":"Association of the T-cell regulatory gene CTLA4 with susceptibility to autoimmune disease","volume":"423","author":"Ueda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3195","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl395","article-title":"Evidence for unique association signals in SLE at the CD28-CTLA4-ICOS locus in a family-based study","volume":"15","author":"Graham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2007.10.004","article-title":"The 3'-UTR of the human CTLA4 mRNA can regulate mRNA stability and translational efficiency","volume":"1779","author":"Malquori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5015","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.10.5015","article-title":"Cutting edge: a soluble form of CTLA-4 in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease","volume":"164","author":"Oaks","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.2000.1649","article-title":"A native soluble form of CTLA-4","volume":"201","author":"Oaks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18607","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706409104","article-title":"Allelic variant in CTLA4 alters T-cell phosphorylation patterns","volume":"104","author":"Maier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80213-5","article-title":"CTLA-4 gene polymorphism confers susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"32","author":"Agarwal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib22","first-page":"160","article-title":"Genetic association of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 polymorphisms with primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune liver diseases in a Chinese population","volume":"12","author":"Fan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.02.012","article-title":"Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"5","author":"Donaldson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/17402520500317859","article-title":"SNP analysis of genes implicated in T-cell proliferation in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"12","author":"Oertelt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3282efa240","article-title":"Association of CTLA4 single nucleotide polymorphisms with viral but not autoimmune liver disease","volume":"19","author":"Schott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22048","article-title":"Interacting alleles of the coinhibitory immunoreceptor genes cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed cell-death 1 influence risk and features of primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"47","author":"Juran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21749","article-title":"Increased prevalence of antimitochondrial antibodies in first-degree relatives of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"46","author":"Lazaridis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1086\/381000","article-title":"Selecting a maximally informative set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms for association analyses using linkage disequilibrium","volume":"74","author":"Carlson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6257","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0881","article-title":"Association of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 gene with type 1 diabetes: evidence for independent effects of two polymorphisms on the same haplotype block","volume":"89","author":"Anjos","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364446","article-title":"Prevalence and evolutionary origins of autoimmune susceptibility alleles in natural mouse populations","volume":"9","author":"Limaye","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.01.025","article-title":"Genetic association studies: from \u201csearching under the lamppost\u201d to \u201cfishing in the pond\u201d","volume":"134","author":"El-Serag","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508508011463?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508508011463?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T22:11:47Z","timestamp":1684447907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016508508011463"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016508508011463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1124470.581661","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0016-5085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-5085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}}}