{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T16:43:13Z","timestamp":1793637793233,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,28]],"date-time":"2008-12-28T09:48:58Z","timestamp":1230457738000},"page":"1317-1327.e2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":184,"title":["Intestinal Vitamin D Receptor Is Required for Normal Calcium and Bone Metabolism in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Yingben","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Fleet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib1","series-title":"Calcium in human health","first-page":"163","article-title":"Molecular regulation of calcium metabolism","author":"Fleet","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3843","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.9.6176","article-title":"Intestinal calcium absorption in the aged rat: evidence of intestinal resistance to 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D","volume":"139","author":"Wood","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3885","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0314","article-title":"Calcium transporter 1 and epithelial calcium channel messenger ribonucleic acid are differentially regulated by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the intestine and kidney of mice","volume":"144","author":"Song","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2006-0031","article-title":"The human transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 distal promoter contains multiple vitamin D receptor binding sites that mediate activation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in intestinal cells","volume":"20","author":"Meyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib5","first-page":"G561","article-title":"An analysis of intestinal calcium transport across the rat intestine","volume":"250","author":"Bronner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib6","first-page":"G207","article-title":"Vitamin D-regulated calcium transport in Caco-2 cells: unique in vitro model","volume":"260","author":"Giuliano","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib7","first-page":"695","article-title":"Duodenal and ileal calcium absorption in the rat and effects of vitamin D","volume":"244","author":"Pansu","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4982","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.11.7110","article-title":"Rescue of the skeletal phenotype of vitamin D receptor ablated mice in the setting of normal mineral ion homeostasis: formal histomorphometric and biomechanical analysis","volume":"140","author":"Amling","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4391","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.10.6262","article-title":"Normalization of mineral ion homeostasis by dietary means prevents hyperparathyroidism, rickets, and osteomalacia, but not alopecia in vitamin D receptor-ablated mice","volume":"139","author":"Li","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.7.1217","article-title":"Dietary calcium and phosphorus ratio regulates bone mineralization and turnover in vitamin D receptor knockout mice by affecting intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption","volume":"18","author":"Masuyama","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.374","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockout mice reveal VDR-independent regulation of intestinal calcium absorption and ECaC2 and calbindin D9k mRNA","volume":"133","author":"Song","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16754","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310271200","article-title":"Inactivation of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase and vitamin D receptor demonstrates independent and interdependent effects of calcium and vitamin D on skeletal and mineral homeostasis","volume":"279","author":"Panda","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33275","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204935200","article-title":"Cis elements of the villin gene control expression in restricted domains of the vertical (crypt) and horizontal (duodenum, cecum) axes of the intestine","volume":"277","author":"Madison","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0897-391","article-title":"Mice lacking the vitamin D receptor exhibit impaired bone formation, uterine hypoplasia and growth retardation after weaning","volume":"16","author":"Yoshizawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib15","first-page":"G958","article-title":"Specific 1,25(OH)2 D3-mediated regulation of transcellular calcium transport in Caco-2 cells","volume":"276","author":"Fleet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.8.1857","article-title":"1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol-mediated calcium absorption and gene expression are higher in female than in male mice","volume":"134","author":"Song","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi160","article-title":"Genetic models show that parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 play distinct and synergistic roles in postnatal mineral ion homeostasis and skeletal development","volume":"14","author":"Xue","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9831","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.18.9831","article-title":"Targeted ablation of the vitamin D receptor: an animal model of vitamin D-dependent rickets type II with alopecia","volume":"94","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13324","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231474698","article-title":"Duodenal calcium absorption in vitamin D receptor-knockout mice: functional and molecular aspects","volume":"98","author":"Van Cromphaut","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E07-09-0973","article-title":"Tight junction proteins claudin-2 and -12 are critical for vitamin D-dependent Ca2+ absorption between enterocytes","volume":"19","author":"Fujita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib21","first-page":"1396","article-title":"Solubility and intestinal transit time limit calcium absorption in rats","volume":"123","author":"Pansu","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)90877-X","article-title":"Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on calcium and magnesium absorption in the healthy human jejunum and ileum","volume":"75","author":"Krejs","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib23","first-page":"G189","article-title":"Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 on calcium-absorption in the colon of healthy humans","volume":"247","author":"Grinstead","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296104","article-title":"The cecum is the site with the highest calcium absorption in rat intestine","volume":"38","author":"Karbach","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib25","first-page":"G268","article-title":"Effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on colonic calcium transport in vitamin D-deficient and normal rats","volume":"246","author":"Favus","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000199485","article-title":"Calcium and magnesium transport and influence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3","volume":"37","author":"Karbach","year":"1987","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.11.014","article-title":"Transgenic expression of the human vitamin D receptor (hVDR) in the duodenum of VDR-null mice attenuates the age-dependent decline in calcium absorption","volume":"103","author":"Marks","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2006.12.005","article-title":"Calbindin D9k is not required for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-mediated Ca2+ absorption in small intestine","volume":"460","author":"Akhter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12377","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605252103","article-title":"Calbindin D(9k) knockout mice are indistinguishable from wild-type mice in phenotype and serum calcium level","volume":"103","author":"Kutuzova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.061110","article-title":"Marked disturbance of calcium homeostasis in mice with targeted disruption of the Trpv6 calcium channel gene","volume":"22","author":"Bianco","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3196","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1655","article-title":"Active intestinal calcium transport in the absence of TRPV6 and calbindin-D9k","volume":"49","author":"Benn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib32","first-page":"294","article-title":"Villin\u2014a marker of brush-border differentiation and cellular-origin in human renal-cell carcinoma","volume":"124","author":"Grone","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10091","article-title":"Villin: a marker for development of the epithelial pyloric border","volume":"224","author":"Braunstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V551251","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor gene expression in mammalian kidney","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3412","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2006-0312","article-title":"The expression profiles of nuclear receptors in the developing and adult kidney","volume":"20","author":"Suh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V10122465","article-title":"Expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase in the human kidney","volume":"10","author":"Zehnder","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mnh.0000242179.38739.fb","article-title":"Recent advances in renal tubular calcium reabsorption","volume":"15","author":"Mensenkamp","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E558","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.281.3.E558","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D receptor inactivation on the expression of calbindins and calcium metabolism","volume":"281","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.61","article-title":"Two vitamin D3-dependent calcium binding proteins increase calcium reabsorption by different mechanisms II","volume":"45","author":"Bouhtiauy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.60","article-title":"Two vitamin D3-dependent calcium binding proteins increase calcium reabsorption by different mechanisms","volume":"45","author":"Bouhtiauy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52406","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M405562200","article-title":"Critical role of calbindin-D28k in calcium homeostasis revealed by mice lacking both vitamin D receptor and calbindin-D28k","volume":"279","author":"Zheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2004.03.021","article-title":"Direct action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on bone: VDRKO bone shows excessive bone formation in normal mineral condition","volume":"89\u201390","author":"Tanaka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20313","article-title":"Osteoblasts lacking the vitamin D receptor display enhanced osteogenic potential in vitro","volume":"94","author":"Sooy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.2002.5474","article-title":"1,25-(OH)(2)-vitamin D3 suppresses the bone-related Runx2\/Cbfa1 gene promoter","volume":"274","author":"Drissi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10276","article-title":"Runx2, a multifunctional transcription factor in skeletal development","volume":"87","author":"Komori","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.06.070186.002523","article-title":"Vitamin D receptors: nature and function","volume":"6","author":"Haussler","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2.15.2847948","article-title":"1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 receptors: gene regulation and genetic circuitry","volume":"2","author":"Minghetti","year":"1988","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_bib48","first-page":"2581","article-title":"Dysfunction of the vitamin D endocrine system as common cause for multiple malignant and other chronic diseases","volume":"26","author":"Peterlik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_fr1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33275","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204935200","article-title":"Cis elements of the villin gene control expression in restricted domains of the vertical (crypt) and horizontal (duodenum, cecum) axes of the intestine","volume":"277","author":"Madison","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_fr2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35325","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305191200","article-title":"Nuclear coactivator-62 kDa\/Ski-interacting protein is a nuclear matrix-associated coactivator that may couple vitamin D receptor-mediated transcription and RNA splicing","volume":"278","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_fr3","first-page":"A36","article-title":"Effect of transgene copy number on survival in the G93A mouse model of ALS","volume":"62","author":"Alexander","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_fr4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1109","article-title":"Intestinal resistance to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in mice heterozygous for the vitamin D receptor knockout allele","volume":"148","author":"Song","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_fr5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050608","article-title":"Exogenous PTH-related protein and PTH improve mineral and skeletal status in 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha-hydroxylase and PTH double knockout mice","volume":"20","author":"Xue","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_fr6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4801","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0403","article-title":"Exogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exerts a skeletal anabolic effect and improves mineral ion homeostasis in mice that are homozygous for both the 1alpha-hydroxylase and parathyroid hormone null alleles","volume":"147","author":"Xue","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051_fr7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650020617","article-title":"Bone Histomorphometry\u2014standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units","volume":"2","author":"Parfitt","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508508023093?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508508023093?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T21:57:16Z","timestamp":1632866236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016508508023093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016508508023093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.051","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-5085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-5085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}}}