{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:08:49Z","timestamp":1791202129239,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,3]],"date-time":"2009-09-03T11:22:56Z","timestamp":1251976976000},"page":"1091-1101.e5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Sensory and Motor Innervation of the Crural Diaphragm by the Vagus Nerves"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole J.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudine L.","family":"Frisby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Ashley","family":"Blackshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib1","first-page":"453","article-title":"A novel innervation of the crural diaphragm by the vagus","volume":"130","author":"Young","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib2","first-page":"1583","article-title":"A functional innervation of the crural diaphragm by the vagus","volume":"132","author":"Young","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib3","first-page":"524","article-title":"Anatomy of vagal afferent endings in the crural diaphragm","volume":"134","author":"Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib4","first-page":"81","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology and natural history of gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"72","author":"Sonnenberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1997.02170430035007","article-title":"Prevalence of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux during infancy","volume":"151","author":"Nelson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90351-8","article-title":"Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation","volume":"109","author":"Mittal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01153.x","article-title":"Transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations\u2014a pharmacological target for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease?","volume":"16","author":"Hirsch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib8","first-page":"109","article-title":"Inhibitors of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (reflux inhibitors) in the future treatment of GERD","volume":"1","author":"Lehmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Ann Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib9","first-page":"33","article-title":"New insights in the neural regulation of the lower oesophageal sphincter","volume":"12","author":"Blackshaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016738","article-title":"Role of medullary inspiratory neurones in the control of the diaphragm during oesophageal stimulation in cats","volume":"391","author":"Altschuler","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(89)90006-6","article-title":"Reflex inhibition of crural diaphragmatic activity by esophageal distention in cats","volume":"77","author":"Oyer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib12","first-page":"G927","article-title":"Crural diaphragm inhibition during esophageal distension correlates with contraction of the esophageal longitudinal muscle in cats","volume":"288","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2982.1998.00085.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of gastro-oesophageal reflux in the ferret","volume":"10","author":"Blackshaw","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib14","article-title":"Triggering of transient LES relaxations in ferrets: role of sympathetic pathways and effects of baclofen","volume":"279","author":"Staunton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.907bd.x","article-title":"An in vitro study of the properties of vagal afferent fibres innervating the ferret oesophagus and stomach","volume":"512","author":"Page","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8597","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-19-08597.1999","article-title":"GABA(B) receptors inhibit mechanosensitivity of primary afferent endings","volume":"19","author":"Page","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00785.2001","article-title":"Vagal mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in mouse stomach and esophagus","volume":"87","author":"Page","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2007.01071.x","article-title":"Chemical coding and central projections of gastric vagal afferent neurons","volume":"20","author":"Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.02.010","article-title":"Anatomy and function of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in gastric vagal pathways","volume":"54","author":"Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.1996.tb00265.x","article-title":"The dorsal vagal complex of the ferret: anatomical and immunohistochemical studies","volume":"8","author":"Boissonade","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20010205)430:2<222::AID-CNE1027>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Organization and neurochemistry of vagal preganglionic neurons innervating the lower esophageal sphincter in ferrets","volume":"430","author":"Hyland","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20001218)428:3<558::AID-CNE11>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Vagal afferent innervation of smooth muscle in the stomach and duodenum of the mouse: morphology and topography","volume":"428","author":"Fox","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib23","first-page":"R1371","article-title":"Vagal and spinal mechanosensors in the rat stomach and colon have multiple receptive fields","volume":"280","author":"Berthoud","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.3.313","article-title":"Preservation of postural control of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations in patients with reflux oesophagitis","volume":"44","author":"Ireland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70138-7","article-title":"Increased frequency of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation induced by gastric distention in reflux patients with hiatal hernia","volume":"118","author":"Kahrilas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.05.026","article-title":"Paradoxical impact of body positioning on gastroesophageal reflux and gastric emptying in the premature neonate","volume":"145","author":"Omari","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib27","first-page":"G815","article-title":"Reduced tLESR elicitation in response to gastric distension in fundoplication patients","volume":"284","author":"Scheffer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2008.09.007","article-title":"Brainstem sites controlling the lower esophageal sphincter and crural diaphragm in the ferret: a neuroanatomical study","volume":"144","author":"Niedringhaus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199703273361306","article-title":"The esophagogastric junction","volume":"336","author":"Mittal","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2002.00095.x","article-title":"The diaphragm: two physiological muscles in one","volume":"201","author":"Pickering","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-005-0282-8","article-title":"The effect of esophageal and gastric distension on the crural diaphragm","volume":"30","author":"Shafik","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90352-D","article-title":"The central vagal efferent supply to the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter of the cat","volume":"104","author":"Collman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-002-0696-7","article-title":"Anatomical and neurochemical features of the extrinsic and intrinsic innervation of the striated muscle in the porcine esophagus: evidence for regional and species differences","volume":"311","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib34","first-page":"G290","article-title":"Effect of atropine on esophageal motor function in humans","volume":"240","author":"Dodds","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib35","first-page":"G281","article-title":"Evidence for a peripheral mechanism of esophagocrural diaphragm inhibitory reflex in cats","volume":"278","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.09.009","article-title":"Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and reflux: mechanistic analysis using concurrent fluoroscopy and high-resolution manometry","volume":"131","author":"Pandolfino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_bib37","first-page":"R121","article-title":"Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus: a site for evoking simultaneous changes in crural diaphragm activity, lower esophageal sphincter pressure, and fundus tone","volume":"294","author":"Niedringhaus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_fr1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-10-18","article-title":"Developmental and neurochemical features of cholinergic neurons in the murine cerebral cortex","volume":"10","author":"Consonni","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_fr2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10926","article-title":"Immunocytochemical evidence for nitric oxide- and carbon monoxide-producing neurons in the stomatogastric nervous system of the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus","volume":"467","author":"Christie","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053_fr3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20745","article-title":"Coexpression of cholinergic and noradrenergic phenotypes in human and nonhuman autonomic nervous system","volume":"492","author":"Weihe","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001650850901511X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001650850901511X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T00:18:12Z","timestamp":1590106692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001650850901511X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S001650850901511X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.053","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-5085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-5085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}}}