{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:43:22Z","timestamp":1791395002377,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","gastrojournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,5]],"date-time":"2010-12-05T04:14:55Z","timestamp":1291522495000},"page":"1052-1062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Liver X Receptor Signaling Is a Determinant of Stellate Cell Activation and Susceptibility to Fibrotic Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Simon W.","family":"Beaven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Wroblewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaohong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Bensinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hide","family":"Tsukamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Tontonoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00013.2007","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells: protean, multifunctional, and enigmatic cells of the liver","volume":"88","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24282","article-title":"Liver fibrosis","volume":"115","author":"Bataller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib3","first-page":"447","article-title":"Fat-storing cells (lipocytes) in human liver","volume":"82","author":"Bronfenmajer","year":"1966","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2008.11.001","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cell lipid droplets: a specialized lipid droplet for retinoid storage","volume":"1791","author":"Blaner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001320404","article-title":"\u201cSternzellen\u201d in the liver: perisinusoidal cells with special reference to storage of vitamin A","volume":"132","author":"Wake","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8681","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.24.8681","article-title":"Hepatic lipocytes: the principal collagen-producing cells of normal rat liver","volume":"82","author":"Friedman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040455","article-title":"Cellular sources of noncollagenous matrix proteins: role of fat-storing cells in fibrogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Gressner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110412","article-title":"Stimulation of hepatic lipocyte collagen production by Kupffer cell-derived transforming growth factor beta: implication for a pathogenetic role in alcoholic liver fibrogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Matsuoka","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib9","first-page":"193","article-title":"Rat hepatic lipocytes express smooth muscle actin upon activation in vivo and in culture","volume":"24","author":"Rockey","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3072","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24798","article-title":"Attenuated liver fibrosis in the absence of B cells","volume":"115","author":"Novobrantseva","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200522675","article-title":"Selective depletion of macrophages reveals distinct, opposing roles during liver injury and repair","volume":"115","author":"Duffield","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.10.055","article-title":"Natural killer cells ameliorate liver fibrosis by killing activated stellate cells in NKG2D-dependent and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-dependent manners","volume":"130","author":"Radaeva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22413","article-title":"Activation of hepatic stellate cells after phagocytosis of lymphocytes: a novel pathway of fibrogenesis","volume":"48","author":"Muhanna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0061","article-title":"Liver X receptor signaling pathways in cardiovascular disease","volume":"17","author":"Tontonoz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.850400","article-title":"Role of LXRs in control of lipogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Schultz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.57.121304.131428","article-title":"Nuclear receptors in lipid metabolism: targeting the heart of dyslipidemia","volume":"57","author":"Beaven","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.20.012103.134432","article-title":"Nuclear receptors in macrophage biology: at the crossroads of lipid metabolism and inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Castrillo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nm820","article-title":"Reciprocal regulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism by liver X receptors","volume":"9","author":"Joseph","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12033.x","article-title":"Liver X receptor activators display anti-inflammatory activity in irritant and allergic contact dermatitis models: liver-X-receptor-specific inhibition of inflammation and primary cytokine production","volume":"120","author":"Fowler","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.04.052","article-title":"LXR signaling couples sterol metabolism to proliferation in the acquired immune response","volume":"134","author":"Bensinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21494","article-title":"Activation of LXRs prevents bile acid toxicity and cholestasis in female mice","volume":"45","author":"Uppal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib22","first-page":"S102","article-title":"Anti-adipogenic regulation underlies hepatic stellate cell transdifferentiation","volume":"21","author":"Tsukamoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35715","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006577200","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and hepatic stellate cell activation","volume":"275","author":"Miyahara","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.08.001","article-title":"The nuclear receptor SHP mediates inhibition of hepatic stellate cells by FXR and protects against liver fibrosis","volume":"127","author":"Fiorucci","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12928","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M700554200","article-title":"A matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation cascade by hepatic stellate cells in trans-differentiation in the three-dimensional extracellular matrix","volume":"282","author":"Han","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1663","article-title":"TLR4 enhances TGF-beta signaling and hepatic fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Seki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.042127","article-title":"Human hepatic stellate cell lines, LX-1 and LX-2: new tools for analysis of hepatic fibrosis","volume":"54","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5484.1524","article-title":"Regulation of absorption and ABC1-mediated efflux of cholesterol by RXR heterodimers","volume":"289","author":"Repa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5780","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.16.5780-5789.2003","article-title":"Promoter-specific roles for liver X receptor\/corepressor complexes in the regulation of ABCA1 and SREBP1 gene expression","volume":"23","author":"Wagner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.27.040187.002151","article-title":"Solvent toxicology: recent advances in the toxicology of benzene, the glycol ethers, and carbon tetrachloride","volume":"27","author":"Kalf","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11896","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182199799","article-title":"Identification of macrophage liver X receptors as inhibitors of atherosclerosis","volume":"99","author":"Tangirala","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32030-7","article-title":"An immortalized rat liver stellate cell line (HSC-T6): a new cell model for the study of retinid metabolism in vitro","volume":"41","author":"Vogel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20015","article-title":"Differential modulation of rat hepatic stellate phenotype by natural and synthetic retinoids","volume":"39","author":"Hellemans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib34","first-page":"913","article-title":"Retinoids exacerbate rat liver fibrosis by inducing the activation of latent TGF-beta in liver stellate cells","volume":"26","author":"Okuno","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib35","first-page":"182","article-title":"Suppression of experimental hepatic fibrosis by administration of vitamin A","volume":"52","author":"Senoo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16549","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404678101","article-title":"Lhx2-\/- mice develop liver fibrosis","volume":"101","author":"Wandzioch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2006.11.022","article-title":"Parallel SUMOylation-dependent pathways mediate gene- and signal-specific transrepression by LXRs and PPARgamma","volume":"25","author":"Ghisletti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Cell"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508510017439?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508510017439?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T14:57:21Z","timestamp":1758034641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016508510017439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016508510017439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.7254956.7503054","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0016-5085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-5085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Liver X Receptor Signaling Is a Determinant of Stellate Cell Activation and Susceptibility to Fibrotic Liver Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastroenterology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.053","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}