{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:37:30Z","timestamp":1791823050259,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","gastrojournal.org","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,16]],"date-time":"2015-06-16T12:07:40Z","timestamp":1434456460000},"page":"958-970.e12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["Comparative Effectiveness of Pharmacological Interventions for Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hassan","family":"Murad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apoorva K.","family":"Chandar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie M.","family":"Bongiorno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwani K.","family":"Singal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8218-192X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark R.","family":"Thursz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Loomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay H.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0805786","article-title":"Alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"360","author":"Lucey","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90401-8","article-title":"Corticosteroid therapy of alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"75","author":"Maddrey","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.224097","article-title":"Corticosteroids improve short\u2013term survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis: meta-analysis of individual patient data","volume":"60","author":"Mathurin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.20189","article-title":"Pentoxifylline improves short-term survival in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"119","author":"Akriviadis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.05.014","article-title":"Pentoxifylline vs. corticosteroid to treat severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomised, non-inferiority, open trial","volume":"61","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.1613","article-title":"Pentoxifylline versus prednisolone for severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"De","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Gastronterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.276300","article-title":"Prednisolone with vs without pentoxifylline and survival of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"310","author":"Mathurin","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2097-4","article-title":"Corticosteroid plus pentoxifylline is not better than corticosteroid alone for improving survival in severe alcoholic hepatitis (COPE Trial)","volume":"57","author":"Sidhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.05.030","article-title":"Enteral nutrition with or without N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized multicenter controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Moreno","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1101214","article-title":"Glucocorticoids plus N-acetylcysteine in severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"365","author":"Nguyen-Khac","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12279","article-title":"Systematic review: Pentoxifylline for the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"37","author":"Parker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03685.x","article-title":"Systematic review: glucocorticosteroids for alcoholic hepatitis\u2014a Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of randomized clinical trials","volume":"27","author":"Rambaldi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-2-201307160-00008","article-title":"Conceptual and technical challenges in network meta-analysis","volume":"159","author":"Cipriani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1001\/2012.jama.11228","article-title":"How to use an article reporting a multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis","volume":"308","author":"Mills","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1875","article-title":"Combination of direct and indirect evidence in mixed treatment comparisons","volume":"23","author":"Lu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g5630","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5630","article-title":"A\u00a0GRADE Working Group approach for rating the quality of treatment effect estimates from network meta-analysis","volume":"349","author":"Puhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"151","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92508","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092508","article-title":"The quality of reporting methods and results in network meta-analyses: an overview of reviews and suggestions for improvement","volume":"9","author":"Hutton","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.04.002","article-title":"Interpreting indirect treatment comparisons and network meta-analysis for health-care decision making: report of the ISPOR Task Force on Indirect Treatment Comparisons Good Research Practices: part 1","volume":"14","author":"Jansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/945707","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of nutritional\u00a0supplementation for management of hospitalized alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"26","author":"Antar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib21","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Sterne JAC. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. In: Higgins JPT, ed. The Cochrane collaboration, 2011. Available from http:\/\/www.cochrane-handbook.org. Accessed June 1, 2015."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib25","unstructured":"Review Manager (RevMan) [Computer program]. Version 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X12458724","article-title":"Evidence synthesis for decision making 2: a generalized linear modeling framework for pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Dias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.01.006","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 11. Making an overall rating of confidence in effect estimates for a single outcome and for all outcomes","volume":"66","author":"Guyatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.8627","article-title":"Short- and long-term outcome of severe alcohol-induced hepatitis treated with steroids or enteral nutrition: a multicenter randomized trial","volume":"32","author":"Cabre","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-110-9-685","article-title":"Methylprednisolone therapy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. A randomized multicenter trial","volume":"110","author":"Carithers","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90867-7","article-title":"Double-blind controlled trial of prednisolone therapy in patients with\u00a0severe acute alcoholic hepatitis and spontaneous encephalopathy","volume":"78","author":"Depew","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib31","first-page":"227","article-title":"Pentoxifylline versus steroid in short-term survival in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"28","author":"Garrido Garcia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Int Mex"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.01.040","article-title":"Pentoxifylline does not decrease short-term mortality but does reduce complications in patients with advanced cirrhosis","volume":"138","author":"Lebrec","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-74-3-311","article-title":"Alcoholic hepatitis. Natural history and evaluation of prednisolone therapy","volume":"74","author":"Helman","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90790-4","article-title":"Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with encephalopathy. Comparison of prednisolone with caloric supplements","volume":"74","author":"Lesesne","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib35","first-page":"A49","article-title":"Role of pentoxifylline in treatment of severe acute alcoholic hepatitis\u2014a randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Paladugu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.11.039","article-title":"Antioxidants versus corticosteroids in the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis \u2014a randomised clinical trial","volume":"44","author":"Phillips","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202203260802","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of prednisolone in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"326","author":"Ramond","year":"1992","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib38","first-page":"20","article-title":"Pentoxifylline in severe alcoholic hepatitis: a prospective, randomised trial","volume":"60","author":"Sidhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.03.027","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of antioxidant therapy alone or with corticosteroids in acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"47","author":"Stewart","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.141562","article-title":"Pentoxifylline plus prednisolone versus pentoxifylline only for severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"De","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Med Health Sci Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1412278","article-title":"Prednisolone or pentoxifylline for alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"372","author":"Thursz","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib42","first-page":"769","article-title":"[Treatment of acute alcoholic hepatitis with prednisolone. 45 patients]","volume":"16","author":"Bories","year":"1987","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-79-5-625","article-title":"Prednisone therapy of acute alcoholic hepatitis. Report of a controlled trial","volume":"79","author":"Campra","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198412063112302","article-title":"Short-term and long-term survival in patients with alcoholic hepatitis treated with oxandrolone and prednisolone","volume":"311","author":"Mendenhall","year":"1984","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib45","first-page":"443","article-title":"A\u00a0controlled trial of 6-methylprednisolone in acute alcoholic hepatitis. With a note on published results in encephalopathic patients","volume":"69","author":"Shumaker","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.1.75","article-title":"Controlled trial of methylprednisolone therapy in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"23","author":"Theodossi","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197106172842404","article-title":"Corticosteroid therapy in severe alcoholic hepatitis. A double-blind drug trial","volume":"284","author":"Porter","year":"1971","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib48","first-page":"837A","article-title":"Budesonide in acute alcoholic hepatitis treatment","volume":"58","author":"Komkova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(13)60535-8","article-title":"Metadoxine added to steroid therapy improves six-month survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"58","author":"Higuera-de la Tijera","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib50","first-page":"96A","article-title":"Hepatology. Pentoxifylline may prevent renal impairment (hepatorenal syndrome) in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"14","author":"McHutchison","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.09.002","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease: pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets","volume":"141","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508515008331?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508515008331?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T22:48:10Z","timestamp":1566859690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016508515008331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016508515008331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-5085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-5085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative Effectiveness of Pharmacological Interventions for Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastroenterology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.06.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}