{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:43:33Z","timestamp":1792795413127,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","gastrojournal.org","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,14]],"date-time":"2017-10-14T15:33:03Z","timestamp":1507995183000},"page":"406-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8497-582X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Quante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9582-1597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trevor A.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marnix","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djn211","article-title":"Incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus among white Americans by\u00a0sex, stage, and age","volume":"100","author":"Brown","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27834","article-title":"Trends in esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence and mortality","volume":"119","author":"Hur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4328","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.22485","article-title":"Barrett esophagus: what a mouse model can teach us about human disease","volume":"11","author":"Quante","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.01.002","article-title":"History, molecular mechanisms, and endoscopic treatment of\u00a0Barrett's esophagus","volume":"138","author":"Spechler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.163360","article-title":"Race, ethnicity, sex and temporal differences in Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis: a large community-based study, 1994\u22122006","volume":"58","author":"Corley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.053","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of esophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"149","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.02.015","article-title":"The view of Barrett's esophagus from\u00a0across the pond","volume":"146","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.08.053","article-title":"Prevalence of\u00a0Barrett's esophagus in the general population: an\u00a0endoscopic study","volume":"129","author":"Ronkainen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2010.01054.x","article-title":"The prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in the US: estimates from a simulation model confirmed by SEER data","volume":"23","author":"Hayeck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103042","article-title":"Incidence of adenocarcinoma among patients with Barrett's esophagus","volume":"365","author":"Hvid-Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr203","article-title":"Risk of malignant progression in Barrett's esophagus patients: results from a large population-based study","volume":"103","author":"Bhat","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e234","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70598-9","article-title":"Addressing overdiagnosis and overtreatment in cancer: a prescription for change","volume":"15","author":"Esserman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328318ed2d","article-title":"Endoscopic surveillance for Barrett's oesophagus: the patients' perspective","volume":"21","author":"Cooper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1177\/0969141315575052","article-title":"Barrett's Oesophagus Surveillance versus Endoscopy at Need Study (BOSS): protocol and analysis plan for a multicentre randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Old","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Screen"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3343","article-title":"Paired exome analysis of Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma","volume":"47","author":"Stachler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2591","article-title":"Exome and whole-genome sequencing of esophageal adenocarcinoma identifies recurrent driver events and mutational complexity","volume":"45","author":"Dulak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.181","article-title":"Barrett oesophagus: lessons on its origins from the lesion itself","volume":"12","author":"McDonald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310748","article-title":"Evolution of oesophageal adenocarcinoma from metaplastic columnar epithelium without goblet cells in Barrett's oesophagus","volume":"65","author":"Lavery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20805","article-title":"Integrated genomic characterization of oesophageal carcinoma","volume":"541","author":"et\u00a0al","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2011.12.004","article-title":"Bile acid and inflammation activate gastric cardia stem cells in a mouse model of Barrett-like metaplasia","volume":"21","author":"Quante","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.05.026","article-title":"Residual embryonic cells as precursors of a Barrett's-like metaplasia","volume":"145","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306508","article-title":"The stem cell organisation, and the proliferative and gene expression profile of Barrett's epithelium, replicates pyloric-type gastric glands","volume":"63","author":"Lavery","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.04159.x","article-title":"Esophageal mucin: an adherent mucus gel barrier is absent in the normal esophagus but present in columnar-lined Barrett's esophagus","volume":"96","author":"Dixon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib24","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Intestinal metaplasia of human stomach displays distinct patterns of mucin (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) expression","volume":"59","author":"Reis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.08.003","article-title":"TFF2 mRNA transcript expression marks a gland progenitor cell of the gastric oxyntic mucosa","volume":"139","author":"Quante","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2014.10.001","article-title":"The Barrett's gland in phenotype space","volume":"1","author":"McDonald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-305964","article-title":"Cell lineage distribution atlas of the human stomach reveals heterogeneous gland populations in the gastric antrum","volume":"63","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197608262950904","article-title":"The histologic spectrum of Barrett's esophagus","volume":"295","author":"Paull","year":"1976","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01230.x","article-title":"Detection of intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus: an observational comparator study suggests the need for a minimum of eight biopsies","volume":"102","author":"Harrison","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib30","first-page":"85","article-title":"Zoning of mucosal phenotype, dysplasia, and telomerase activity measured by telomerase repeat assay protocol in Barrett's esophagus","volume":"6","author":"Going","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-011-1776-3","article-title":"Intraluminal pH and goblet cell density in Barrett's esophagus","volume":"16","author":"Theodorou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2050.2000.00063.x","article-title":"Reflux and pH: \u2018alkaline\u2019 components are not neutralized by gastric pH variations","volume":"13","author":"Bechi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2287-1","article-title":"Bile acid at low pH reduces squamous differentiation and activates EGFR signaling in esophageal squamous cells in 3-D culture","volume":"17","author":"Ghatak","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1335","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00291.2012","article-title":"Sox9 drives columnar differentiation of esophageal squamous epithelium: a possible role in the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus","volume":"303","author":"Clemons","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2008.34","article-title":"Repeated exposure to acid and bile selectively induces colonic phenotype expression in a heterogeneous Barrett's epithelial cell line","volume":"88","author":"Bajpai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308552","article-title":"Barrett's oesophagus length is established at the time of initial endoscopy and does not change over time: results from a large multicentre cohort","volume":"64","author":"Moawad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91510-B","article-title":"Barrett's esophagus: age, prevalence, and extent of columnar epithelium","volume":"103","author":"Cameron","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(77)80152-2","article-title":"Regnerative of cardiac type mucosa and acquisition of Barrett mucosa after esophagogastrostomy","volume":"72","author":"Hamilton","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.04057.x","article-title":"Factors influencing the development of Barrett's epithelium in the\u00a0esophageal remnant postesophagectomy","volume":"99","author":"O'Riordan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-011-1758-5","article-title":"Activation of the BMP4 pathway and early expression of CDX2 characterize non-specialized columnar metaplasia in a human model of Barrett's esophagus","volume":"16","author":"Castillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31819f57e9","article-title":"Intestinal differentiation in metaplastic, nongoblet columnar epithelium in the esophagus","volume":"33","author":"Hahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000819","article-title":"The use of ancillary stains in the diagnosis of Barrett esophagus and Barrett esophagus-associated dysplasia: recommendations from the Rodger C. Haggitt Gastrointestinal Pathology Society","volume":"41","author":"Srivastava","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65346-1","article-title":"Molecular evolution of the metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence in the esophagus","volume":"154","author":"Jankowski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.066209","article-title":"Bile acids directly augment caudal related homeobox gene Cdx2 expression in oesophageal keratinocytes in Barrett's epithelium","volume":"55","author":"Kazumori","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313584","article-title":"Aspirin prevents NF-kappaB activation and CDX2 expression stimulated by acid and bile salts in oesophageal squamous cells of patients with Barrett's oesophagus","author":"Huo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G615","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00268.2016","article-title":"Barrett's metaplasia develops from cellular reprograming of esophageal squamous epithelium due to gastroesophageal reflux","volume":"312","author":"Minacapelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.5657","article-title":"Association of acute gastroesophageal reflux disease with esophageal histologic changes","volume":"315","author":"Dunbar","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18003815005","article-title":"Chronic peptic ulcer of the oesophagus and \u2018oesophagitis\u2019","volume":"38","author":"Barrett","year":"1950","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI88941","article-title":"Long-lived keratin 15+ esophageal progenitor cells contribute to homeostasis and regeneration","volume":"127","author":"Giroux","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.10667","article-title":"Gastrin stimulates a cholecystokinin-2-receptor-expressing cardia progenitor cell and promotes progression of Barrett's-like esophagus","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2012.733952","article-title":"Progression of specialized intestinal metaplasia at the cardia to macroscopically evident Barrett's esophagus: an entity of concern in the ProGERD study","volume":"47","author":"Leodolter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.06.038","article-title":"Central obesity in asymptomatic volunteers is associated with increased intrasphincteric acid reflux and lengthening of the cardiac mucosa","volume":"145","author":"Robertson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.288","article-title":"An unexpected mucosal metaplasia at the gastric cardia in longstanding pernicious anemia","volume":"110","author":"Derakhshan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.07.046","article-title":"The epidemiology of esophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"154","author":"Coleman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.063685","article-title":"Increasing incidence of Barrett's oesophagus in the general population","volume":"54","author":"van Soest","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302412","article-title":"A\u00a0global assessment of the oesophageal adenocarcinoma epidemic","volume":"62","author":"Edgren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.03.010","article-title":"The prevalence of suspected Barrett's esophagus in children and adolescents: a multicenter endoscopic study","volume":"64","author":"El-Serag","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.07.050","article-title":"Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Shiota","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.10.034","article-title":"Tobacco smoking increases the risk of high-grade dysplasia and cancer among patients with Barrett's esophagus","volume":"142","author":"Coleman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12230","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and the risk of Barrett's esophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Andrici","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.206","article-title":"Alcohol and the risk of Barrett's esophagus: a pooled analysis from the International BEACON Consortium","volume":"109","author":"Thrift","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.12.014","article-title":"A\u00a0multibiomarker risk score helps predict risk for Barrett's esophagus","volume":"12","author":"Thrift","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-013-2892-6","article-title":"No significant effects of smoking or alcohol consumption on risk of Barrett's esophagus","volume":"59","author":"Thrift","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e103508","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103508","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux in relation to adenocarcinomas of the esophagus: a pooled analysis from the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON)","volume":"9","author":"Cook","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi325","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis of the sex ratio for Barrett's esophagus, erosive reflux disease, and nonerosive reflux disease","volume":"162","author":"Cook","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.08.023","article-title":"The rapid rise in gastroesophageal junction tumors: is inflammation of the gastric cardia the underwater iceberg?","volume":"145","author":"Quante","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006640","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006640","article-title":"NSAIDs, statins, low-dose aspirin and PPIs, and the risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma among patients with Barrett's oesophagus: a population-based case-control study","volume":"5","author":"Masclee","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.04.040","article-title":"Statin use is associated with a decreased risk of Barrett's esophagus","volume":"147","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.02.031","article-title":"Aspirin protects against Barrett's esophagus in a multivariate logistic regression analysis","volume":"10","author":"Omer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9178669","article-title":"Speed of healing and symptom relief in grade II to IV gastroesophageal reflux disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"112","author":"Chiba","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-305997","article-title":"Acid-suppressive medications and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's oesophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.02.045","article-title":"Medications (NSAIDs, statins, proton pump inhibitors) and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus","volume":"138","author":"Nguyen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12693","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitor use may not prevent high-grade dysplasia and oesophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus: a nationwide study of 9883 patients","volume":"39","author":"Hvid-Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.086579","article-title":"Gastric acid suppression and risk of oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma: a nested case control study in the UK","volume":"55","author":"Garcia Rodriguez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3282f5dc19","article-title":"Changes in gene expression of gastric mucosa during therapeutic acid inhibition","volume":"20","author":"Norsett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1990.tb00457.x","article-title":"Serum gastrin levels during long-term omeprazole treatment","volume":"4","author":"Koop","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.629","article-title":"Elevated serum gastrin is associated with a history of advanced neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus","volume":"105","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib78","first-page":"588","article-title":"An inverse relation between cagA+ strains of Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma","volume":"58","author":"Chow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj393","article-title":"Opposing risks of gastric cardia and noncardia gastric adenocarcinomas associated with Helicobacter pylori seropositivity","volume":"98","author":"Kamangar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.132662","article-title":"Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric atrophy and the stages of the oesophageal inflammation, metaplasia, adenocarcinoma sequence: results from the FINBAR case-control study","volume":"57","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4250","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306398101","article-title":"Bacterial biota in the human distal esophagus","volume":"101","author":"Pei","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7277","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i46.7277","article-title":"Bacterial biota in reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus","volume":"11","author":"Pei","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-130","article-title":"Characterization of bacterial biota in the distal esophagus of Japanese patients with reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12285","article-title":"Gastric microbiota is altered in oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus and further modified by proton pump inhibitors","volume":"16","author":"Amir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-101512-122319","article-title":"Beyond the niche: tissue-level coordination of stem cell dynamics","volume":"29","author":"O'Brien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.12.012","article-title":"Intestinal tumorigenesis initiated by dedifferentiation and acquisition of stem-cell-like properties","volume":"152","author":"Schwitalla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.211","article-title":"Stem cells and their implications for colorectal cancer","volume":"8","author":"Zeki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.016","article-title":"Innate immunity gone awry: linking microbial infections to chronic inflammation and cancer","volume":"124","author":"Karin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07205","article-title":"Cancer-related inflammation","volume":"454","author":"Mantovani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.3.316","article-title":"Inflammatory gradient in Barrett's oesophagus: implications for disease complications","volume":"51","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.025","article-title":"Immunity, inflammation, and cancer","volume":"140","author":"Grivennikov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.03.052","article-title":"The gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment","volume":"145","author":"Quante","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.4.451","article-title":"Diversity in the oesophageal phenotypic response to gastro-oesophageal reflux: immunological determinants","volume":"50","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.10.019","article-title":"Impact of the inflammatory microenvironment on T-cell phenotype in the progression from reflux oesophagitis to Barrett oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"370","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32980","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5431","article-title":"Immature myeloid progenitors promote disease progression in a mouse model of Barrett's-like metaplasia","volume":"6","author":"Kong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.1.435","article-title":"Inhibition of tumor growth by elimination of granulocytes","volume":"181","author":"Pekarek","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2009.06.017","article-title":"Polarization of tumor-associated neutrophil phenotype by TGF-beta: \u201cN1\u201d versus \u201cN2\u201d TAN","volume":"16","author":"Fridlender","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.05.081","article-title":"The role of myofibroblasts in upregulation of S100A8 and S100A9 and the differentiation of myeloid cells in the colorectal cancer microenvironment","volume":"423","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902813","article-title":"Tumor microenvironments direct the recruitment and expansion of human Th17 cells","volume":"184","author":"Su","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01322","article-title":"Inflammation and cancer","volume":"420","author":"Coussens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2011.01.020","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts contribute to the mesenchymal stem cell niche and promote tumor growth","volume":"19","author":"Quante","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2012.08.013","article-title":"Dependency of colorectal cancer on a TGF-beta-driven program in stromal cells for metastasis initiation","volume":"22","author":"Calon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2009.12.041","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts are activated in incipient neoplasia to orchestrate tumor-promoting inflammation in an NF-[kappa]B-dependent manner","volume":"17","author":"Erez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.07.001","article-title":"Our unindicted coconspirators: human metabolism from a microbial perspective","volume":"12","author":"Goodman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30086-3","article-title":"A\u00a0non-endoscopic device to sample the oesophageal microbiota: a case-control study","volume":"2","author":"Elliott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.04.022","article-title":"Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"153","author":"Hooi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0129055","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129055","article-title":"Bacterial composition of the human upper gastrointestinal tract microbiome is dynamic and associated with genomic instability in a Barrett's esophagus cohort","volume":"10","author":"Gall","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01081.x","article-title":"Innate immune signaling in defense against intestinal microbes","volume":"245","author":"Kinnebrew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.253.rc2","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 signalling and the lysosomal machinery in Barrett's esophagus","volume":"25","author":"Verbeek","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.440","article-title":"Defective barrier function in neosquamous epithelium","volume":"108","author":"Jovov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7423","key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11465","article-title":"Adenoma-linked barrier defects and microbial products drive IL-23\/IL-17-mediated tumour growth","volume":"491","author":"Grivennikov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3414","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-03-3249","article-title":"Selectively advantageous mutations and hitchhikers in neoplasms: p16 lesions are selected in Barrett's esophagus","volume":"64","author":"Maley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0289","article-title":"Temporal and spatial evolution of somatic chromosomal alterations: a case-cohort study of Barrett's esophagus","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3013","article-title":"Ordering of mutations in preinvasive disease stages of esophageal carcinogenesis","volume":"46","author":"Weaver","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.143339","article-title":"Individual crypt genetic heterogeneity and the origin of metaplastic glandular epithelium in human Barrett's oesophagus","volume":"57","author":"Leedham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12158","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12158","article-title":"Dynamic clonal equilibrium and predetermined cancer risk in Barrett's oesophagus","volume":"7","author":"Martinez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1768","article-title":"Genetic clonal diversity predicts progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"38","author":"Maley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Genet"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508517362479?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508517362479?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T18:38:38Z","timestamp":1603132718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016508517362479"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016508517362479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-5085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-5085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastroenterology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.09.046","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by the AGA Institute","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}