{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:12:59Z","timestamp":1790784779443,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":222,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["168840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["168840"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["646\/20-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["646\/20-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Schu 646\/17-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Schu 646\/17-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAW-2016-DFA-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAW-2016-DFA-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TR128 B8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR128 B8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","gastrojournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T14:38:22Z","timestamp":1629211102000},"page":"1395-1411.e4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Co-factors, Microbes, and Immunogenetics in Celiac Disease to Guide Novel Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Elena F.","family":"Verdu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2716-8239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Detlef","family":"Schuppan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.136","article-title":"Coeliac disease and autoimmune disease-genetic overlap and screening","volume":"12","author":"Lundin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.06.098","article-title":"Epidemiology, Presentation, and diagnosis of celiac disease","volume":"160","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.09.008","article-title":"Celiac disease: from pathogenesis to novel therapies","volume":"137","author":"Schuppan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3005","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601693","article-title":"T\u00a0Cells in celiac disease","volume":"198","author":"Jabri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0064-z","article-title":"Mechanisms by which gut microorganisms influence food sensitivities","volume":"16","author":"Caminero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G161","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00099.2019","article-title":"Celiac disease: should we care about microbes?","volume":"317","author":"Caminero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib7","first-page":"424","article-title":"Characterization of 150 wheat cultivars by LC-MS\u2013based label-free quantitative proteomics unravels possibilities to design wheat better for baking quality and human health","volume":"10","author":"Afzal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-019-00698-9","article-title":"Probing early wheat grain development via transcriptomic and proteomic approaches","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Funct Integr Genomics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-019-00694-z","article-title":"Exploiting the reference genome sequence of hexaploid wheat: a proteomic study of flour proteins from the cultivar Chinese Spring","volume":"20","author":"Altenbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Funct Integr Genomics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aar8602","article-title":"Genome mapping of seed-borne allergens and immunoresponsive proteins in wheat","volume":"4","author":"Juh\u00e1sz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20102660","article-title":"Wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors drive intestinal inflammation via activation of Toll-like receptor 4","volume":"209","author":"Junker","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.12.006","article-title":"Nutritional wheat amylase-trypsin inhibitors promote intestinal inflammation via activation of myeloid cells","volume":"152","author":"Zevallos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2015.04.002","article-title":"Nonceliac wheat sensitivity: differential diagnosis, triggers and implications","volume":"29","author":"Schuppan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2019.00101","article-title":"What is gluten\u2014why is it special?","volume":"6","author":"Shewry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1074129","article-title":"Structural basis for gluten intolerance in celiac sprue","volume":"297","author":"Shan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071204","article-title":"Secretory IgA mediates retrotranscytosis of intact gliadin peptides via the transferrin receptor in celiac disease","volume":"205","author":"Matysiak-Budnik","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0797-797","article-title":"Identification of tissue transglutaminase as the autoantigen of celiac disease","volume":"3","author":"Dieterich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-1909-z","article-title":"Physiological, pathological, and structural implications of nonenzymatic protein-protein interactions of the multifunctional human transglutaminase 2","volume":"72","author":"Kanchan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.069385","article-title":"Cross linking to tissue transglutaminase and collagen favours gliadin toxicity in coeliac disease","volume":"55","author":"Dieterich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134922","article-title":"Enhanced B-cell receptor recognition of the autoantigen transglutaminase 2 by efficient catalytic self-multimerization","volume":"10","author":"Stamnaes","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64143-9","article-title":"Identification of isopeptides between human tissue transglutaminase and wheat, rye, and barley gluten peptides","volume":"10","author":"Lexhaller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0698-713","article-title":"Tissue transglutaminase selectively modifies gliadin peptides that are recognized by gut-derived T cells in celiac disease","volume":"4","author":"Molberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.4.1585","article-title":"Selective deamidation by tissue transglutaminase strongly enhances gliadin-specific T cell reactivity","volume":"161","author":"van de Wal","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.013","article-title":"Plasma cells are the most abundant gluten peptide mhc-expressing cells in inflamed intestinal tissues from patients with celiac disease","volume":"156","author":"H\u00f8ydahl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20190860","article-title":"B\u00a0cell tolerance and antibody production to the celiac disease autoantigen transglutaminase 2","volume":"217","author":"du Pr\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.276","article-title":"Update on serologic testing in celiac disease","volume":"105","author":"Leffler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.1.17","article-title":"Increased expression of mRNA for matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in intestinal biopsy specimens from patients with coeliac disease","volume":"44","author":"Daum","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032441","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of a transglutaminase 2 inhibitor for celiac disease","volume":"385","author":"Schuppan","year":"2021","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.4.1582","article-title":"A\u00a0major role for matrix metalloproteinases in T cell injury in the gut","volume":"158","author":"Pender","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.80","article-title":"IL-15 interferes with suppressive activity of intestinal regulatory T cells expanded in celiac disease","volume":"106","author":"Zanzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.303","article-title":"Immunoregulatory pathways are active in the small intestinal mucosa of patients with potential celiac disease","volume":"108","author":"Borrelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6763","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801792","article-title":"IL-15 renders conventional lymphocytes resistant to suppressive functions of regulatory T cells through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway","volume":"182","author":"Ben Ahmed","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.397","article-title":"Impaired control of effector T cells by regulatory T cells: a clue to loss of oral tolerance and autoimmunity in celiac disease?","volume":"107","author":"Hmida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09849","article-title":"Co-adjuvant effects of retinoic acid and IL-15 induce inflammatory immunity to dietary antigens","volume":"471","author":"DePaolo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.02.015","article-title":"Circulating gluten-specific FOXP3","volume":"140","author":"Cook","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.113084","article-title":"Latent coeliac disease or coeliac disease beyond villous atrophy?","volume":"56","author":"Kaukinen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.77","article-title":"Potential celiac children: 9-year follow-up on a gluten-containing diet","volume":"109","author":"Auricchio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-012-0316-x","article-title":"Intraepithelial lymphocytes in celiac disease immunopathology","volume":"34","author":"Abadie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.06.020","article-title":"Coordinated induction by IL15 of a TCR-independent NKG2D signaling pathway converts CTL into lymphokine-activated killer cells in celiac disease","volume":"21","author":"Meresse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.05.013","article-title":"Distinct and synergistic contributions of epithelial stress and adaptive immunity to functions of intraepithelial killer cells and active celiac disease","volume":"149","author":"Setty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.12.025","article-title":"Inhibition of TGF-beta signaling by IL-15: a new role for IL-15 in the loss of immune homeostasis in celiac disease","volume":"132","author":"Benahmed","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2003-8","article-title":"IL-15, gluten and HLA-DQ8 drive tissue destruction in coeliac disease","volume":"578","author":"Abadie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30989","article-title":"Small intestinal CD8+TCR\u03b3\u03b4+NKG2A+ intraepithelial lymphocytes have attributes of regulatory cells in patients with celiac disease","volume":"118","author":"Bhagat","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.12.039","article-title":"Chronic inflammation permanently reshapes tissue-resident immunity in celiac disease","volume":"176","author":"Mayassi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib45","first-page":"79","article-title":"Increased TIA1-expressing intraepithelial lymphocytes in cow\u2019s milk protein intolerance","volume":"25","author":"Hankard","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2005.apm_204.x","article-title":"Pathological and clinical significance of increased intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in small bowel mucosa","volume":"113","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2014.02.006","article-title":"A\u00a0practical approach to small bowel biopsy interpretation: celiac disease and its mimics","volume":"31","author":"Pai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.03.046","article-title":"Many patients with irritable bowel syndrome have atypical food allergies not associated with immunoglobulin E","volume":"157","author":"Fritscher-Ravens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1400697","article-title":"Introduction of gluten, HLA status, and the risk of celiac disease in children","volume":"371","author":"Lionetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1787","article-title":"Age at gluten introduction and risk of celiac disease","volume":"135","author":"Aronsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.09.032","article-title":"Gluten introduction to infant feeding and risk of celiac disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"168","author":"Pinto-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404172","article-title":"Randomized feeding intervention in infants at high risk for celiac disease","volume":"371","author":"Vriezinga","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.10.033","article-title":"Factors that increase risk of celiac disease autoimmunity after a gastrointestinal infection in early life","volume":"15","author":"Kemppainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.10329","article-title":"Association of gluten intake during the first 5 years of life with incidence of celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease among children at increased risk","volume":"322","author":"Andr\u00e9n Aronsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.09.030","article-title":"Effects of gluten intake on risk of celiac disease: a case-control study on a Swedish birth cohort","volume":"14","author":"Andr\u00e9n Aronsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000255","article-title":"Gluten intake and risk of celiac disease: long-term follow-up of an at-risk birth cohort","volume":"114","author":"M\u00e5rild","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah5298","article-title":"Reovirus infection triggers inflammatory responses to dietary antigens and development of celiac disease","volume":"356","author":"Bouziat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.02.028","article-title":"Lactobacilli degrade wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors to reduce intestinal dysfunction induced by immunogenic wheat proteins","volume":"156","author":"Caminero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2018.1451276","article-title":"Increased prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in the gut microbiota of infants at risk of developing celiac disease: the PROFICEL study","author":"Olivares","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00906-w","article-title":"Multi-omics analysis reveals the influence of genetic and environmental risk factors on developing gut microbiota in infants at risk of celiac disease","volume":"8","author":"Leonard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0415-6","article-title":"Gut microbiota trajectory in early life may predict development of celiac disease","volume":"6","author":"Olivares","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575844","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.575844","article-title":"Beyond the HLA genes in gluten-related disorders","volume":"7","author":"Sallese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-010-0465-9","article-title":"Celiac disease: how complicated can it get?","volume":"62","author":"Tjon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4175","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306885101","article-title":"Structural basis for HLA-DQ2\u2013mediated presentation of gluten epitopes in celiac disease","volume":"101","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-019-01141-w","article-title":"Update 2020: nomenclature and listing of celiac disease-relevant gluten epitopes recognized by CD4","volume":"72","author":"Sollid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3268","article-title":"Fine mapping in the MHC region accounts for 18% additional genetic risk for celiac disease","volume":"47","author":"Gutierrez-Achury","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2016.02.003","article-title":"Understanding celiac disease by genomics","volume":"32","author":"Withoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D892","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1054","article-title":"FANTOM enters 20th year: expansion of transcriptomic atlases and functional annotation of noncoding RNAs","volume":"49","author":"Abugessaisa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R185","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx254","article-title":"Context-specific effects of genetic variants associated with autoimmune disease","volume":"26","author":"Jonkers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2504","article-title":"Chromatin marks identify critical cell types for fine mapping complex trait variants","volume":"45","author":"Trynka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu453","article-title":"Systematic annotation of celiac disease loci refines pathological pathways and suggests a genetic explanation for increased interferon-gamma levels","volume":"24","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.05.013","article-title":"Celiac disease and endocrine autoimmunity\u2014the genetic link","volume":"17","author":"Kahaly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1999.0029900297","article-title":"SIGEP Study Group for Autoimmune Disorders in Celiac Disease. Duration of exposure to gluten and risk for autoimmune disorders in patients with celiac disease","volume":"117","author":"Ventura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070814","article-title":"Celiac disease and glandular autoimmunity","volume":"10","author":"Kahaly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0130-2","article-title":"Common ground: shared risk factors for type 1 diabetes and celiac disease","volume":"19","author":"Verdu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-016-0091-1","article-title":"Novel genetic risk variants for pediatric celiac disease","volume":"10","author":"Balasopoulou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Genomics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2898-5","article-title":"Celiac disease biomarkers identified by transcriptome analysis of small intestinal biopsies","volume":"75","author":"Bragde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0222-9","article-title":"Single-cell TCR sequencing of gut intraepithelial \u03b3\u03b4 T cells reveals a vast and diverse repertoire in celiac disease","volume":"13","author":"Eggesb\u00f8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10020","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46468-2","article-title":"Combined analysis of methylation and gene expression profiles in separate compartments of small bowel mucosa identified celiac disease patients\u2019 signatures","volume":"9","author":"Cielo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0350-x","article-title":"Causal relationships among the gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids and metabolic diseases","volume":"51","author":"Sanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25973","article-title":"Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota","volume":"555","author":"Rothschild","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001658","article-title":"Immunophenotypic spectrum and genomic landscape of refractory celiac disease type II","volume":"45","author":"Soderquist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib83","article-title":"Oncogenetic landscape of lymphomagenesis in coeliac disease","author":"Cording","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2018.09.010","article-title":"Refractory Celiac Disease","volume":"48","author":"Malamut","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2016.1124759","article-title":"Refractory celiac disease","volume":"10","author":"Rishi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.155","article-title":"Mechanisms and management of refractory coeliac disease","volume":"12","author":"van Gils","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.95","article-title":"Metagenomics reveals dysbiosis and a potentially pathogenic N.\u00a0flavescens strain in duodenum of adult celiac patients","volume":"111","author":"d\u2019Argenio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11047","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29443-1","article-title":"Oropharyngeal microbiome evaluation highlights Neisseria abundance in active celiac patients","volume":"8","author":"Iaffaldano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib89","first-page":"1109","article-title":"Comparative study of salivary, duodenal, and fecal microbiota composition across adult celiac disease","volume":"9","author":"Panelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.355","article-title":"Altered duodenal microbiota composition in celiac disease patients suffering from persistent symptoms on a long-term gluten-free diet","volume":"109","author":"Wacklin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09037-9","article-title":"Duodenal bacterial proteolytic activity determines sensitivity to dietary antigen through protease-activated receptor-2","volume":"10","author":"Caminero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2018.1444788","article-title":"Early fecal microbiota composition in children who later develop celiac disease and associated autoimmunity","volume":"53","author":"Rintala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319809","article-title":"Metagenomics of the faecal virome indicate a cumulative effect of enterovirus and gluten amount on the risk of coeliac disease autoimmunity in genetically at risk children: the TEDDY study","volume":"69","author":"Lindfors","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.227","article-title":"No change in the mucosal gut mycobioma is associated with celiac disease-specific microbiome alteration in adult patients","volume":"111","author":"D\u2019Argenio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301501","article-title":"An irritable bowel syndrome subtype defined by species-specific alterations in faecal microbiota","volume":"61","author":"Jeffery","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01891.x","article-title":"Alterations in composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Carroll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-9-95","article-title":"Microbial community analysis reveals high level phylogenetic alterations in the overall gastrointestinal microbiota of diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome sufferers","volume":"9","author":"Krogius-Kurikka","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16731","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804812105","article-title":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an antiinflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients","volume":"105","author":"Sokol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-63","article-title":"Intestinal dysbiosis and reduced immunoglobulin-coated bacteria associated with coeliac disease in children","volume":"10","author":"de Palma","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)37228-2","article-title":"820\u2014Prospective longitudinal gut metagenomic analysis suggests altered microbiome composition and function in infants prior to celiac disease onset","volume":"156","author":"Leonard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aba0624","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand production by the gut microbiota is decreased in celiac disease leading to intestinal inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Lamas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib102","article-title":"Commensal bacterium","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12072095","article-title":"Gluten degrading enzymes for treatment of celiac disease","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.97","article-title":"Identification of pseudolysin (lasb) as an aciduric gluten-degrading enzyme with high therapeutic potential for celiac disease","volume":"110","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013264","article-title":"Discovery of a novel and rich source of gluten-degrading microbial enzymes in the oral cavity","volume":"5","author":"Helmerhorst","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.06.041","article-title":"Duodenal bacteria from patients with celiac disease and healthy subjects distinctly affect gluten breakdown and immunogenicity","volume":"151","author":"Caminero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.04.008","article-title":"Gluten-degrading bacteria are present in the human small intestine of healthy volunteers and celiac patients","volume":"168","author":"Herr\u00e1n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.05.008","article-title":"The human digestive tract has proteases capable of gluten hydrolysis","volume":"6","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.03.064","article-title":"Wheat consumption aggravates colitis in mice via amylase trypsin inhibitor-mediated dysbiosis","volume":"159","author":"Pickert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000749","article-title":"Probiotics for celiac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"115","author":"Seiler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4630","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07019-x","article-title":"A\u00a0low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults","volume":"9","author":"Hansen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021488","article-title":"Celiac disease serology and gut microbiome following proton pump inhibitor treatment","volume":"99","author":"Jang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.4.455","article-title":"Effect of omeprazole on intragastric bacterial counts, nitrates, nitrites, and N-nitroso compounds","volume":"35","author":"Verdu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.075","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors exacerbate NSAID-induced small intestinal injury by inducing dysbiosis","volume":"141","author":"Wallace","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.8.995","article-title":"Evidence for the role of a human intestinal adenovirus in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease","volume":"28","author":"Kagnoff","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-019-0353-4","article-title":"T\u00a0cell receptor\u00a0cross-reactivity between gliadin and bacterial peptides in celiac disease","volume":"27","author":"Petersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12871","article-title":"The complex task of measuring intestinal permeability in basic and clinical science","volume":"28","author":"Galipeau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.10.019","article-title":"Paracellular versus transcellular intestinal permeability to gliadin peptides in active celiac disease","volume":"180","author":"M\u00e9nard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006472","article-title":"Host responses to intestinal microbial antigens in gluten-sensitive mice","volume":"4","author":"Natividad","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.120","article-title":"Coeliac disease & gluten sensitivity: epithelial stress enters the dance in coeliac disease","volume":"12","author":"Cerf-Bensussan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt619","article-title":"Fine mapping of the celiac disease-associated LPP locus reveals a potential functional variant","volume":"23","author":"Almeida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70123-9","article-title":"Gastrointestinal permeability in celiac disease","volume":"112","author":"Smecuol","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.07.046","article-title":"Confocal endomicroscopy shows food-associated changes in the intestinal mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"147","author":"Fritscher-Ravens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-311964","article-title":"Intestinal cell damage and systemic immune activation in individuals reporting sensitivity to wheat in the absence of coeliac disease","volume":"65","author":"Uhde","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.102","article-title":"Lessons from rodent models in celiac disease","volume":"8","author":"Korneychuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.045","article-title":"Gliadin nanoparticles induce immune tolerance to gliadin in mouse models of celiac disease","volume":"158","author":"Freitag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G526","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00136.2013","article-title":"Testing safety of germinated rye sourdough in a celiac disease model based on the adoptive transfer of prolamin-primed memory T cells into lymphopenic mice","volume":"306","author":"Freitag","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.186361","article-title":"Gliadin-primed CD4+CD45RBlowCD25\u2212 T cells drive gluten-dependent small intestinal damage after adoptive transfer into lymphopenic mice","volume":"58","author":"Freitag","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5595","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.10.5595","article-title":"HLA-DQ determines the response to exogenous wheat proteins: a model of gluten sensitivity in transgenic knockout mice","volume":"169","author":"Black","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G217","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00225.2007","article-title":"Gliadin-dependent neuromuscular and epithelial secretory responses in gluten-sensitive HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice","volume":"294","author":"Verdu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200421055","article-title":"A\u00a0new model for dermatitis herpetiformis that uses HLA-DQ8 transgenic NOD mice","volume":"114","author":"Marietta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4338","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100854","article-title":"Sensitization to gliadin induces moderate enteropathy and insulitis in nonobese diabetic\u2013DQ8 mice","volume":"187","author":"Galipeau","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.07.018","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota modulates gluten-induced immunopathology in humanized mice","volume":"185","author":"Galipeau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9305","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004492107","article-title":"A\u00a0defective Il15 allele underlies the deficiency in natural killer cell activity in nonobese diabetic mice","volume":"107","author":"Suwanai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7440","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900233","article-title":"Resistance to celiac disease in humanized HLA-DR3-DQ2-transgenic mice expressing specific antigliadin CD4+ T cells","volume":"182","author":"de Kauwe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2000107","article-title":"Generation of an HLA-DQ2.5 knock-in mouse","volume":"5","author":"Dewan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunohorizons"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.03.014","article-title":"TAK-101 nanoparticles induce gluten-specific tolerance in celiac disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"161","author":"Kelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.04.031","article-title":"The promise of novel therapies to abolish gluten immunogenicity in celiac disease","volume":"161","author":"Cerf-Bensussan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2012.02.015","article-title":"Larazotide acetate regulates epithelial tight junctions in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo","volume":"35","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.48","article-title":"Novel role of the serine protease inhibitor elafin in gluten-related disorders","volume":"109","author":"Galipeau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3535","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60521-5","article-title":"Intestinal ex\u00a0vivo organoid culture reveals altered programmed crypt stem cells in patients with celiac disease","volume":"10","author":"Dieterich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7029","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43426-w","article-title":"Human gut\u2013derived organoids provide model to study gluten response and effects of microbiota-derived molecules in celiac disease","volume":"9","author":"Freire","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2019.00167","article-title":"Intestinal epithelium modulates macrophage response to gliadin in celiac disease","volume":"6","author":"Serena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20351-5","article-title":"Induced organoids derived from patients with ulcerative colitis recapitulate colitic reactivity","volume":"12","author":"Sarvestani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.79","article-title":"ACG clinical guidelines: diagnosis and management of celiac disease","volume":"108","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306578","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of adult coeliac disease: guidelines from the British Society of Gastroenterology","volume":"63","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.07.025","article-title":"Development of celiac disease therapeutics: report of the Third Gastroenterology Regulatory End Points and Advancement of Therapeutics Workshop","volume":"151","author":"Leffler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314853","article-title":"Outcome measures in coeliac disease trials: the Tampere recommendations","volume":"67","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312762","article-title":"Disease activity indices in coeliac disease: systematic review and recommendations for clinical trials","volume":"67","author":"Hindryckx","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076163","article-title":"Validation of morphometric analyses of small-intestinal biopsy readouts in celiac disease","volume":"8","author":"Taavela","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30264-X","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of AMG 714 in adults with coeliac disease exposed to gluten challenge: a phase 2a, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"4","author":"L\u00e4hdeaho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000225516.05666.4e","article-title":"Development and validation of the Celiac Disease Questionnaire (CDQ), a disease-specific health-related quality of life measure for adult patients with celiac disease","volume":"41","author":"H\u00e4user","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.07.031","article-title":"A\u00a0validated disease-specific symptom index for adults with celiac disease","volume":"7","author":"Leffler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-11-129","article-title":"Small- bowel mucosal changes and antibody responses after low- and moderate-dose gluten challenge in celiac disease","volume":"11","author":"L\u00e4hdeaho","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302196","article-title":"Kinetics of the histological, serological and symptomatic responses to gluten challenge in adults with coeliac disease","volume":"62","author":"Leffler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.10.040","article-title":"Evaluating responses to gluten challenge: a randomized, double-blind, 2-dose gluten challenge trial","volume":"160","author":"Leonard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314461","article-title":"HLA-DQ:gluten tetramer test in blood gives better detection of coeliac patients than biopsy after 14-day gluten challenge","volume":"67","author":"Sarna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/73200","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo antigen challenge in celiac disease identifies a single transglutaminase-modified peptide as the dominant A-gliadin T-cell epitope","volume":"6","author":"Anderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15477","article-title":"Elevated serum interleukin-2 after gluten correlates with symptoms and is a potential diagnostic biomarker for coeliac disease","volume":"50","author":"Tye-Din","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608610104","article-title":"Tetramer visualization of gut-homing gluten-specific T cells in the peripheral blood of celiac disease patients","volume":"104","author":"R\u00e1ki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13369","article-title":"Serum cytokines elevated during gluten-mediated cytokine release in coeliac disease","volume":"199","author":"Goel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661622","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.661622","article-title":"A\u00a0sensitive whole blood assay detects antigen-stimulated cytokine release from CD4+ T cells and facilitates immunomonitoring in a phase 2 clinical trial of Nexvax2 in coeliac disease","volume":"12","author":"Hardy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.29","article-title":"Patient perception of treatment burden is high in celiac disease compared with other common conditions","volume":"109","author":"Shah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31796-8","article-title":"Coeliac disease","volume":"391","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00378-1","article-title":"Current and emerging therapies for coeliac disease","volume":"18","author":"Kivel\u00e4","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.03.019","article-title":"Gluten degradation, pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of TAK-062, an engineered enzyme to treat celiac disease","volume":"161","author":"Pultz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.02.008","article-title":"Larazotide acetate for persistent symptoms of celiac disease despite a gluten-free diet: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"148","author":"Leffler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30265-1","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of AMG 714 in patients with type 2 refractory coeliac disease: a phase 2a, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study","volume":"4","author":"Cellier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.08.007","article-title":"Alterations in intestinal microbiota of children with celiac disease at the time of diagnosis and on a gluten-free diet","volume":"159","author":"Zafeiropoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib170","article-title":"Children developing celiac disease have a distinct and proinflammatory gut microbiota in the first 5 years of life","author":"Huang","year":"20200229","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.06.931","article-title":"Clinical intervention using Bifidobacterium strains in celiac disease children reveals novel microbial modulators of TNF-\u03b1 and short-chain fatty acids","volume":"38","author":"Primec","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8100660","article-title":"Effect of Bifidobacterium breve on the intestinal microbiota of coeliac children on a gluten free diet: a pilot study","volume":"8","author":"Quagliariello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-306931","article-title":"The HLA-DQ2 genotype selects for early intestinal microbiota composition in infants at high risk of developing coeliac disease","volume":"64","author":"Olivares","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5316","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00365-11","article-title":"Influence of environmental and genetic factors linked to celiac disease risk on infant gut colonization by Bacteroides species","volume":"77","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib175","first-page":"464","article-title":"Influence of early environmental factors on lymphocyte subsets and gut microbiota in infants at risk of celiac disease; the PROFICEL study","volume":"28","author":"Pozo-Rubio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2012-200759","article-title":"Intestinal Staphylococcus spp. and virulent features associated with coeliac disease","volume":"65","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030791","article-title":"Influence of milk-feeding type and genetic risk of developing coeliac disease on intestinal microbiota of infants: the PROFICEL study","volume":"7","author":"Palma","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6507","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00563-12","article-title":"Discerning the role of Bacteroides fragilis in celiac disease pathogenesis","volume":"78","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033387","article-title":"Proof of concept of microbiome-metabolome analysis and delayed gluten exposure on celiac disease autoimmunity in genetically at-risk infants","volume":"7","author":"Sellitto","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02793-08","article-title":"Different fecal microbiotas and volatile organic compounds in treated and untreated children with celiac disease","volume":"75","author":"di Cagno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib181","first-page":"1","article-title":"Interplay between human leukocyte antigen genes and the microbial colonization process of the newborn intestine","volume":"12","author":"de Palma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-8-50","article-title":"Reduced diversity and increased virulence-gene carriage in intestinal enterobacteria of coeliac children","volume":"8","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00337.x","article-title":"Differences in faecal bacterial communities in coeliac and healthy children as detected by PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis","volume":"51","author":"Sanz","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib184","article-title":"Faecal short-chain fatty acid pattern in childhood coeliac disease is normalised after more than one year\u2019s gluten-free diet","volume":"24","author":"Tjellstr\u00f6m","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microb Ecol Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2010.483738","article-title":"Screening-detected and symptomatic untreated celiac children show similar gut microflora-associated characteristics","volume":"45","author":"Tjellstr\u00f6m","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520701320687","article-title":"Gut microflora associated characteristics in first-degree relatives of children with celiac disease","volume":"42","author":"Tjellstr\u00f6m","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00313.x","article-title":"Gut microflora associated characteristics in children with celiac disease","volume":"100","author":"Tjellstr\u00f6m","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15183","article-title":"Gut microbiota signatures and clinical manifestations in celiac disease children at onset: a pilot study","volume":"36","author":"Di Biase","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-219","article-title":"Duodenal and faecal microbiota of celiac children: molecular, phenotype and metabolome characterization","volume":"11","author":"di Cagno","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2008.061366","article-title":"Specific duodenal and faecal bacterial groups associated with paediatric coeliac disease","volume":"62","author":"Collado","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-232","article-title":"Imbalances in faecal and duodenal Bifidobacterium species composition in active and nonactive coeliac disease","volume":"8","author":"Collado","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2013.775666","article-title":"Composition and diversity of the duodenal mucosa-associated microbiome in children with untreated coeliac disease","volume":"48","author":"de Meij","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-13-113","article-title":"Duodenal microbiota composition and mucosal homeostasis in pediatric celiac disease","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318241cfa8","article-title":"Expression of microbiota, Toll-like receptors, and their regulators in the small intestinal mucosa in celiac disease","volume":"54","author":"Kalliom\u00e4ki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5472","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00869-13","article-title":"Duodenal-mucosal bacteria associated with celiac disease in children","volume":"79","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21830","article-title":"Differences of small intestinal bacteria populations in adults and children with\/without celiac disease: effect of age, gluten diet, and disease","volume":"18","author":"Nistal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-175","article-title":"A\u00a0distinctive \u2018microbial signature\u2019 in celiac pediatric patients","volume":"10","author":"Schippa","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2010.076950","article-title":"Intestinal Bacteroides species associated with coeliac disease","volume":"63","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.524","article-title":"Proximal small intestinal microbiota and identification of rod-shaped bacteria associated with childhood celiac disease","volume":"104","author":"Ou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib200","first-page":"9","article-title":"Differences between the fecal microbiota of coeliac infants and healthy controls","volume":"8","author":"Collado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Issues Intest Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47410-0","article-title":"Imbalance in the composition of the duodenal microbiota of children with coeliac disease","volume":"56","author":"Nadal","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01335","article-title":"Breast-milk microbiota linked to celiac disease development in children: a pilot study from the PreventCD cohort","volume":"11","author":"Ben\u00edtez-P\u00e1ez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051420","article-title":"A\u00a0two-sample mendelian randomization analysis investigates associations between gut microbiota and celiac disease","volume":"12","author":"Garc\u00eda-Santisteban","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2020.0016","article-title":"Effect of Bifidobacterium infantis NLS super strain in symptomatic coeliac disease patients on long-term gluten-free diet\u2014an exploratory study","volume":"11","author":"Smecuol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032014000200013","article-title":"Lower bifidobacteria counts in adult patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet","volume":"51","author":"Golfetto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arq Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2012.03.025","article-title":"Differences in faecal bacteria populations and faecal bacteria metabolism in healthy adults and celiac disease patients","volume":"94","author":"Nistal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509371767","article-title":"Effects of a gluten-free diet on gut microbiota and immune function in healthy adult human subjects","volume":"102","author":"de Palma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-017-0173-1","article-title":"Significantly higher faecal counts of the yeasts candida and saccharomyces identified in people with coeliac disease","volume":"9","author":"Harnett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Pathog"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00164","article-title":"Comparison of small gut and whole gut microbiota of first-degree relatives with adult celiac disease patients and controls","volume":"10","author":"Bodkhe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111641","article-title":"First insights into the gut microbiota of Mexican patients with celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity","volume":"10","author":"Garcia-Mazcorro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13111","article-title":"Study of duodenal bacterial communities by 16S rRNA gene analysis in adults with active celiac disease vs nonceliac disease controls","volume":"120","author":"Nistal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36797","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36797","article-title":"Changes in duodenal tissue-associated microbiota following hookworm infection and consecutive gluten challenges in humans with coeliac disease","volume":"6","author":"Giacomin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e31828029a9","article-title":"The duodenal microbiota composition of adult celiac disease patients is associated with the clinical manifestation of the disease","volume":"19","author":"Wacklin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03330-16","article-title":"Salivary gluten degradation and oral microbial profiles in healthy individuals and celiac disease patients","volume":"83","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)31875-7","article-title":"Morphological and biochemical studies of a naturally occurring enteropathy in the Irish setter dog: a comparison with coeliac disease in man","volume":"37","author":"Batt","year":"1984","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.2.198","article-title":"Dietary modulation of gluten sensitivity in a naturally occurring enteropathy of Irish setter dogs","volume":"33","author":"Hall","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1998.tb03085.x","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to gluten sensitive enteropathy in Irish setter dogs is not linked to the major histocompatibility complex","volume":"52","author":"Polvi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1614","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001614","article-title":"A\u00a0nonhuman primate model for gluten sensitivity","volume":"3","author":"Bethune","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib219","first-page":"3154","article-title":"Recognition of epidermal transglutaminase by IgA and tissue transglutaminase 2 antibodies in a rare case of Rhesus dermatitis","author":"Sestak","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vis Exp"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2012.675636","article-title":"Gluten-dependent antibodies in horses with inflammatory small bowel disease (ISBD)","volume":"32","author":"van der Kolk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529609009127","article-title":"Changes in jejunal mucosa after long-term feeding of germfree rats with gluten","volume":"31","author":"St\u0115p\u00e1nkov\u00e1","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2012.13","article-title":"Gluten induces coeliac-like disease in sensitised mice involving IgA, CD71 and transglutaminase 2 interactions that are prevented by probiotics","volume":"92","author":"Papista","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab Invest"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508521033837?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508521033837?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:26:05Z","timestamp":1777393565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016508521033837"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":222,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016508521033837"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-5085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-5085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Co-factors, Microbes, and Immunogenetics in Celiac Disease to Guide Novel Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastroenterology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.08.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 by the AGA Institute","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}