{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:06:00Z","timestamp":1792739160648,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":88,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA224366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA224366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01CA268991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01CA268991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA206563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA206563"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"US Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01BX001179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01BX001179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"US Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1IK6BX003787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1IK6BX003787"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","gastrojournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T09:29:01Z","timestamp":1772443741000},"page":"1484-1500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Targeting APE1-Redox Function Reverses SOX9-mediated Chemoresistance in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Heng","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farah","family":"Ballout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dunfa","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Soutto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longlong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnapriya","family":"Thangaretnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindran Caspa","family":"Gokulan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy C.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwen","family":"Que","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Kay","family":"Washington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi Steven","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuguang","family":"Ban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver Gene","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Zaika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2101-6098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael","family":"El-Rifai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2773","article-title":"Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma: time for a new synthesis","volume":"10","author":"Reid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-023-00993-2","article-title":"Esophageal cancer practice guidelines 2022 edited by the Japan esophageal society: part 1","volume":"20","author":"Kitagawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-022-01029-0","article-title":"Optimal first-line therapy for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"23","author":"Malla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15030765","article-title":"Current status and future prospects for esophageal cancer","volume":"15","author":"Sheikh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2007.04.005","article-title":"The DNA base excision repair protein Ape1\/Ref-1 as a therapeutic and chemopreventive target","volume":"28","author":"Fishel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2008.2194","article-title":"The many functions of APE1\/Ref-1: not only a DNA repair enzyme","volume":"11","author":"Tell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6011","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0388-8","article-title":"Exposure of Barrett's and esophageal adenocarcinoma cells to bile acids activates EGFR-STAT3 signaling axis via induction of APE1","volume":"37","author":"Bhat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-329455","article-title":"Reflux conditions induce E-cadherin cleavage and EMT via APE1 redox function in oesophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"73","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.118.248088","article-title":"Ref-1\/APE1 inhibition with novel small molecules blocks ocular neovascularization","volume":"367","author":"Sardar Pasha","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00307-19","article-title":"The SOX9-aldehyde dehydrogenase axis determines resistance to chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"40","author":"Voronkova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2021.03.019","article-title":"Reactivation of the Hedgehog pathway in esophageal progenitors turns on an embryonic-like program to initiate columnar metaplasia","volume":"28","author":"Vercauteren Drubbel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327076","article-title":"Activation of NOTCH signaling via DLL1 is mediated by APE1-redox-dependent NF-\u03baB activation in oesophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"72","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4426","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-0237","article-title":"APE1 Upregulates MMP-14 via redox-sensitive ARF6-mediated recycling to promote cell invasion of esophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"79","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.08.050","article-title":"Aurora kinase A promotes inflammation and tumorigenesis in mice and human gastric neoplasia","volume":"145","author":"Katsha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2014.97","article-title":"Activin A balance regulates epithelial invasiveness and tumorigenesis","volume":"94","author":"Le Bras","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0656-7","article-title":"A Sox2-Sox9 signalling axis maintains human breast luminal progenitor and breast cancer stem cells","volume":"38","author":"Domenici","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15074","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015074","article-title":"Prognostic biomarkers for esophageal adenocarcinoma identified by analysis of tumor transcriptome","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.01.037","article-title":"SOX9 modulates the transformation of gastric stem cells through biased symmetric cell division","volume":"164","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2011.12.004","article-title":"Bile acid and inflammation activate gastric cardia stem cells in a mouse model of Barrett-like metaplasia","volume":"21","author":"Quante","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24269","article-title":"Transitional basal cells at the squamous-columnar junction generate Barrett's oesophagus","volume":"550","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8855","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw748","article-title":"SOX9 is targeted for proteasomal degradation by the E3 ligase FBW7 in response to DNA damage","volume":"44","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101970","article-title":"Activation of NRF2 by APE1\/REF1 is redox-dependent in Barrett's related esophageal adenocarcinoma cells","volume":"43","author":"Sriramajayam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107092","article-title":"New Ref-1\/APE1 targeted inhibitors demonstrating improved potency for clinical applications in multiple cancer types","volume":"201","author":"Gampala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.1021\/jm201537d","article-title":"Synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationships of a novel class of apurinic\/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 inhibitors","volume":"55","author":"Rai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102977","article-title":"In vitro and In vivo evidence demonstrating chronic absence of Ref-1 Cysteine 65 impacts Ref-1 folding configuration, redox signaling, proliferation and metastasis in pancreatic cancer","volume":"69","author":"Mijit","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.3.743","article-title":"Enhanced activity of adenine-DNA glycosylase (Myh) by apurinic\/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ape1) in mammalian base excision repair of an A\/GO mismatch","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26865","article-title":"MiR-34c\/SOX9 axis regulates the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cell to cisplatin-based chemotherapy","volume":"120","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W739","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac382","article-title":"SynergyFinder 3.0: an interactive analysis and consensus interpretation of multi-drug synergies across multiple samples","volume":"50","author":"Ianevski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12405","article-title":"Systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures in the surgical treatment of patients with esophageal cancer","volume":"29","author":"Straatman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812313392704","article-title":"Chemotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone for localized esophageal cancer","volume":"339","author":"Kelsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25305","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025305","article-title":"A five-gene signature for predicting overall survival of esophagus adenocarcinoma","volume":"100","author":"Lan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00297-7","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.45","article-title":"Tumour expression of leptin is associated with chemotherapy resistance and therapy-independent prognosis in gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinomas","volume":"110","author":"Bain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01666-x","article-title":"The single cell transcriptional landscape of esophageal adenocarcinoma and its modulation by neoadjuvant chemotherapy","volume":"21","author":"Croft","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-1962","article-title":"Loss of TGF-beta adaptor beta2SP activates notch signaling and SOX9 expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"73","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.01.048","article-title":"Aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal Hedgehog signaling characterizes Barrett's metaplasia","volume":"138","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.918778","article-title":"ALDH1A1 in cancers: bidirectional function, drug resistance, and regulatory mechanism","volume":"12","author":"Yue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5695","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2017.160","article-title":"ALDH1A3 is epigenetically regulated during melanocyte transformation and is a target for melanoma treatment","volume":"36","author":"Perez-Alea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16688","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7696","article-title":"APE1-mediated DNA damage repair provides survival advantage for esophageal adenocarcinoma cells in response to acidic bile salts","volume":"7","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101953","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species produced by altered tumor metabolism impacts cancer stem cell maintenance","volume":"44","author":"Tuy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-8-103","article-title":"Elevated expression of p53 gain-of-function mutation R175H in endometrial cancer cells can increase the invasive phenotypes by activation of the EGFR\/PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"8","author":"Dong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201693889","article-title":"FBW7 suppression leads to SOX9 stabilization and increased malignancy in medulloblastoma","volume":"35","author":"Suryo Rahmanto","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib44","article-title":"A Phase I study targeting the APE1\/Ref-1 redox signaling protein with APX3330: first clinical agent targeting APE1\/Ref-1 in cancer","author":"Kelley","year":"2025","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13250","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x2024e13250","article-title":"The inhibitor of the redox activity of APE1\/REF-1, APX2009, reduces the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells","volume":"57","author":"Siqueira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-18-1166","article-title":"Antitumor activity and mechanistic characterization of APE1\/Ref-1 inhibitors in bladder cancer","volume":"18","author":"Fishel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508525066600?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508525066600?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T20:44:04Z","timestamp":1788295444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016508525066600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016508525066600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-5085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-5085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Targeting APE1-Redox Function Reverses SOX9-mediated Chemoresistance in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastroenterology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.12.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Gastroenterological Association Institute.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}