{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T16:30:26Z","timestamp":1793809826130,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","gastrojournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T01:04:16Z","timestamp":1773018256000},"page":"164-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Clinical Care Pathway for the Risk Stratification and Management of Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction\u2013Associated Steatotic Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"171","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6715-3966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fasiha","family":"Kanwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Bril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent Wai-Sun","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon A.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Pfotenhauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Skolnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Eugene E.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Eckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazen","family":"Noureddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Loomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina M.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meena B.","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyler M.","family":"Godwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hashem B.","family":"El-Serag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay H.","family":"Shubrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.11.010","article-title":"A prospective study on the prevalence of NAFLD, advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in people with type 2 diabetes","volume":"78","author":"Ajmera","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330110","article-title":"Global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"En Li Cho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1997","article-title":"Advanced liver fibrosis is common in patients with type 2 diabetes followed in the outpatient setting: the need for systematic screening","volume":"44","author":"Lomonaco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1778","article-title":"High prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis assessed by transient elastography among U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"44","author":"Ciardullo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.02.034","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis in a large middle-aged US cohort","volume":"75","author":"Harrison","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000604","article-title":"National prevalence estimates for steatotic liver disease and subclassifications using consensus nomenclature","volume":"79","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000520","article-title":"A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature","volume":"78","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000323","article-title":"AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"77","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-332917","article-title":"Prevalence of steatotic liver disease, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis among community-dwelling overweight and obese individuals in the USA","volume":"73","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.721","article-title":"The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Wong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330595","article-title":"MASLD: a systemic metabolic disorder with cardiovascular and malignant complications","volume":"73","author":"Targher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1054","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatofibrosis independently predicts mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"1","author":"Younossi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29085","article-title":"Increased risk of mortality by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Dulai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-013-2743-5","article-title":"Predictors of all-cause mortality and liver-related mortality in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"58","author":"Stepanova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.12.016","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associates with hepatic inflammation","volume":"17","author":"Huber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.07.049","article-title":"Clinical care pathway for the risk stratification and management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"161","author":"Kanwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2029349","article-title":"Prospective study of outcomes in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"385","author":"Sanyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.043","article-title":"Association between fibrosis stage and outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"158","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02242-6","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities in NASH drug development","volume":"29","author":"Harrison","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI162513","article-title":"Risk of advanced fibrosis in first-degree relatives of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"132","author":"Tamaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00317-X","article-title":"Global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in the overweight and obese population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Quek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24130","article-title":"Obesity increases the risk of hepatic fibrosis in young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the need to screen","volume":"32","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15015","article-title":"The effects of metabolic status on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related outcomes, beyond the presence of obesity","volume":"48","author":"Ampuero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.07.050","article-title":"Screening for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in persons with type 2 diabetes in the U.S. is cost effective: a comprehensive cost-utility analysis","volume":"159","author":"Noureddin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2021.04.017","article-title":"Opportunistic screening of patients for hepatic steatosis: clinical follow-up and diagnostic yield","volume":"18","author":"Penna","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3346-5","article-title":"Gaps in recognition and evaluation of incidentally identified hepatic steatosis","volume":"60","author":"Wright","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31157","article-title":"Risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer in patients with NAFLD and normal liver enzymes","volume":"72","author":"Natarajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E370","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20200009","article-title":"Risk stratification of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using a case identification pathway in primary care: a cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Shaheen","year":"2020","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12840","article-title":"Clinical value of liver ultrasound for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight and obese patients","volume":"35","author":"Bril","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.16789","article-title":"Screening and behavioral counseling interventions to reduce unhealthy alcohol use in adolescents and adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement","volume":"320","author":"Curry","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.032","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in detecting DSM-5 alcohol use disorders in the general population","volume":"204","author":"Moehring","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15245","article-title":"High test\u2013retest reliability of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) questionnaire completed by primary care patients in routine care","volume":"48","author":"Simon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3848","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-07369-1","article-title":"Alcohol screening during US primary care visits, 2014-2016","volume":"37","author":"Chatterton","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib35","series-title":"Measuring Alcohol Consumption: Psychosocial and Biological Methods","first-page":"41","article-title":"Timeline follow-back: a technique for assessing self-reported alcohol consumption","author":"Sobell","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324243","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: an individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Mozes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.050","article-title":"Refining the Baveno VI elastography criteria for the definition of compensated advanced chronic liver disease","volume":"74","author":"Papatheodoridi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.12.031","article-title":"Non-invasive tests accurately stratify patients with NAFLD based on their risk of liver-related events","volume":"76","author":"Boursier","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.02.024","article-title":"Validation of a clinical risk-based classification system in a large nonalcoholic fatty liver disease real-world cohort","volume":"21","author":"Sanyal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib40","article-title":"Enhanced Liver Fibrosis\u00ae test predicts liver-related outcomes in the general population","volume":"5","author":"Saarinen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.12.031","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive fibrosis models to detect change in fibrosis stage","volume":"17","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.216077","article-title":"Simple non-invasive fibrosis scoring systems can reliably exclude advanced fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"59","author":"McPherson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00017-1","article-title":"Biomarkers for staging fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (the LITMUS project): a comparative diagnostic accuracy study","volume":"8","author":"Vali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29113","article-title":"Liver fibrosis scores predict liver disease mortality in the United States population","volume":"66","author":"Unalp-Arida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.06.007","article-title":"Repeated FIB-4 measurements can help identify individuals at risk of severe liver disease","volume":"73","author":"Hagstr\u00f6m","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib46","article-title":"Prognostic utility of Fibrosis-4 Index for risk of subsequent liver and cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in individuals with obesity and\/or type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Anstee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000829","article-title":"Simple blood tests to diagnose compensated advanced chronic liver disease and stratify risk of clinically significant portal hypertension","volume":"80","author":"Semmler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.05.033","article-title":"Comparison of noninvasive markers of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"7","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.453","article-title":"Age as a confounding factor for the accurate non-invasive diagnosis of advanced NAFLD fibrosis","volume":"112","author":"McPherson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330269","article-title":"Clinical care pathway to detect advanced liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes through automated fibrosis score calculation and electronic reminder messages: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.12.034","article-title":"Low accuracy of FIB-4 and NAFLD fibrosis scores for screening for liver fibrosis in the population","volume":"20","author":"Graupera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1071","article-title":"Performance of plasma biomarkers and diagnostic panels for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Bril","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.02.008","article-title":"Degree of discordance between FIB-4 and transient elastography: an application of current guidelines on general population cohort","volume":"22","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.04.002","article-title":"Using the ELF test, FIB-4 and NAFLD fibrosis score to screen the population for liver disease","volume":"79","author":"Kjaergaard","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.11.004","article-title":"Global survey of stigma among physicians and patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"80","author":"Younossi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.10.035","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in fibrosis markers are associated with risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"78","author":"Cholankeril","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.1447","article-title":"Vibration-controlled transient elastography scores to predict liver-related events in steatotic liver disease","volume":"331","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000635","article-title":"Validation of AGA clinical care pathway and AASLD practice guidance for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a prospective cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"79","author":"Ajmera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.01.014","article-title":"Prognostic performance of the two-step clinical care pathway in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","volume":"83","author":"Yip","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2025.07.039","volume":"24","author":"Nathani","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00274-7","article-title":"Development, validation, and prognostic evaluation of LiverPRO for the prediction of significant liver fibrosis in primary care: a prospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Lindvig","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32545","article-title":"The steatosis-associated fibrosis estimator (SAFE) score: a tool to detect low-risk NAFLD in primary care","volume":"77","author":"Sripongpun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.11.049","article-title":"A new generation of non-invasive tests of liver fibrosis with improved accuracy in MASLD","volume":"82","author":"Cales","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01174-1","article-title":"Development, validation, and prognostic evaluation of a risk score for long-term liver-related outcomes in the general population: a multicohort study","volume":"402","author":"Serra-Burriel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30419-4","article-title":"Prevalence of steatosis and fibrosis in young adults in the UK: a population-based study","volume":"5","author":"Abeysekera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.10.020","article-title":"Diagnostic Performance of noninvasive tests for advanced hepatic fibrosis in young age population","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.042","article-title":"Accuracy of FibroScan controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement in assessing steatosis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"156","author":"Eddowes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.09.041","article-title":"Clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers for identifying nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients at high risk of progression: a multicenter pooled data and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Andersson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.04.044","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of elastography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.07.003","article-title":"Expert panel recommendations: practical clinical applications for initiating and monitoring resmetirom in patients with MASH\/NASH and moderate to noncirrhotic advanced fibrosis","volume":"22","author":"Noureddin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.12.022","article-title":"Baveno VII - Renewing consensus in portal hypertension","volume":"76","author":"de Franchis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00313-3","article-title":"Screening for advanced liver fibrosis due to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease alongside retina scanning in people with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Lindfors","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.04.025","article-title":"An individual patient data meta-analysis to determine cut-offs for and confounders of NAFLD-fibrosis staging with magnetic resonance elastography","volume":"79","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30842","article-title":"Noninvasive tests accurately identify advanced fibrosis due to NASH: baseline data from the STELLAR trials","volume":"70","author":"Anstee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.23923","article-title":"Performance of the enhanced liver fibrosis test to estimate advanced fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"4","author":"Younossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.08.052","article-title":"Serum markers detect the presence of liver fibrosis: a cohort study","volume":"127","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.036","article-title":"Enhanced liver fibrosis test for the non-invasive diagnosis of fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Vali","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17385","article-title":"Meta-analysis: enhanced liver fibrosis test to identify hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver diseases","volume":"57","author":"Hinkson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02539-6","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of circulating biomarkers for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"29","author":"Sanyal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.04.034","article-title":"Agreement between 2-dimensional shear wave and transient elastography values for diagnosis of advanced chronic liver disease","volume":"18","author":"Cassinotto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06331-4","article-title":"Prospective comparison of transient, point shear wave, and magnetic resonance elastography for staging liver fibrosis","volume":"29","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30383-8","article-title":"FibroScan-AST (FAST) score for the non-invasive identification of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with significant activity and fibrosis: a prospective derivation and global validation study","volume":"5","author":"Newsome","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.10.034","article-title":"Enhanced diagnosis of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in individuals with NAFLD using FibroScan-based Agile scores","volume":"78","author":"Sanyal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000351","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of liver disease severity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes","volume":"78","author":"Pennisi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3111","article-title":"Hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, but not steatohepatitis, promote atherogenic dyslipidemia in NAFLD","volume":"101","author":"Bril","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1902","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Mantovani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e168","DOI":"10.1161\/ATV.0000000000000153","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"42","author":"Duell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2337\/cd18-0026","article-title":"Patients with lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are metabolically abnormal and have a higher risk for mortality","volume":"37","author":"Golabi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib89","article-title":"Insulin resistance is an integral feature of MASLD even in the presence of PNPLA3 variants","volume":"6","author":"Bril","year":"2024","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.06.023","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update: diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in lean individuals: expert review","volume":"163","author":"Long","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.11.051","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on lifestyle modification using diet and exercise to achieve weight loss in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: expert review","volume":"160","author":"Younossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00523-4","article-title":"Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: a consensus statement","volume":"19","author":"Lazarus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30864","article-title":"Risks of light and moderate alcohol use in fatty liver disease: follow-up of population cohorts","volume":"71","author":"\u00c5berg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.01.002","article-title":"How safe is moderate alcohol consumption in overweight and obese individuals?","volume":"150","author":"Sookoian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib95","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"2089","article-title":"Phase 3 trial of semaglutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis","author":"Sanyal","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2401943","article-title":"Tirzepatide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis with liver fibrosis","volume":"391","author":"Loomba","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00634-7","article-title":"Bariatric-metabolic surgery versus lifestyle intervention plus best medical care in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (BRAVES): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial","volume":"401","author":"Verrastro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03480-y","article-title":"Long-term liver outcomes after metabolic surgery in compensated cirrhosis due to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis","volume":"31","author":"Aminian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.10.034","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on bariatric surgery in cirrhosis: expert review","volume":"19","author":"Patton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e174","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003891","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery in cirrhosis patients with extreme obesity","volume":"275","author":"Vuppalanchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.6147","article-title":"Prevalence of alcohol use disorders before and after bariatric surgery","volume":"307","author":"King","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000066","volume":"71","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib103","first-page":"e1082","article-title":"2018 AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"139","author":"Grundy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.04.031","article-title":"European Association for the Study of Obesity. EASL-EASD-EASO clinical practice guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)","volume":"81","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.026","article-title":"Effects of hypercholesterolemia and statin exposure on survival in a large national cohort of patients with cirrhosis","volume":"156","author":"Kaplan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30320-6","article-title":"Safety of two different doses of simvastatin plus rifaximin in decompensated cirrhosis (LIVERHOPE-SAFETY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"5","author":"Pose","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.04.025","article-title":"Fibrosis progression rate in biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among people with diabetes versus people without diabetes: a multicenter study","volume":"165","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2416394","article-title":"Tirzepatide as compared with semaglutide for the treatment of obesity","volume":"393","author":"Aronne","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2307563","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes","volume":"389","author":"Lincoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403347","article-title":"Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"391","author":"Perkovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2306963","article-title":"Semaglutide in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity","volume":"389","author":"Kosiborod","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2505928","article-title":"Cardiovascular outcomes with tirzepatide versus dulaglutide in type 2 diabetes.","volume":"393","author":"Nicholls","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.07.033","article-title":"Incretins (GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual\/triple agonists) and the liver","volume":"79","author":"Newsome","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S158","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S009","article-title":"9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of care in diabetes-2024","volume":"47","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.4661","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists and risk for cirrhosis and related complications in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","volume":"184","author":"Kanwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330962","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of major adverse liver outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"73","author":"Wester","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000712","article-title":"Association of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists with serious liver events among patients with type 2 diabetes: a Scandinavian cohort study","volume":"79","author":"Engstrom","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0167","article-title":"Role of vitamin E for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Bril","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.047","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in nondiabetic subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"135","author":"Aithal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1774","article-title":"Long-term pioglitazone treatment for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized trial","volume":"165","author":"Cusi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060326","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"355","author":"Belfort","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907929","article-title":"Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"362","author":"Sanyal","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.9607","article-title":"Thiazolidinediones and advanced liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"177","author":"Musso","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506930","article-title":"Pioglitazone after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack","volume":"374","author":"Kernan","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.08.005","article-title":"Thiazolidinediones and the promise of insulin sensitization in type 2 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Soccio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4675-2","article-title":"Effects of dapagliflozin and n-3 carboxylic acids on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in people with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled study","volume":"61","author":"Eriksson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13584","article-title":"Effect of canagliflozin treatment on hepatic triglyceride content and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Cusi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0641","article-title":"Empagliflozin effectively lowers liver fat content in well-controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, phase 4, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"Kahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-083735","article-title":"Effect of dapagliflozin on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial","volume":"389","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2309000","article-title":"A phase 3, randomized, controlled trial of resmetirom in NASH with liver fibrosis","volume":"390","author":"Harrison","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02603-1","article-title":"Resmetirom for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"29","author":"Harrison","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib134","first-page":"3213","article-title":"Liver enzymes reductions from baseline over time in resmetirom treated patients in a phase 3 study, MAESTRO-NASH [AASLD abstract 1652]","volume":"80","author":"Baum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000001112","article-title":"Resmetirom therapy for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: October 2024 updates to AASLD Practice Guidance","volume":"81","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2406487","article-title":"Dual agonists for management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis","volume":"391","author":"Kanwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00068-7","article-title":"Semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"8","author":"Loomba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70382","article-title":"Effects of resmetirom on metabolic-dysfunction associated steatohepatitis in patients with weight loss and\/or diabetes taking glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and other diabetes therapies: a secondary analysis of the MAESTRO-NASH trial.","volume":"62","author":"Noureddin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c5702","article-title":"Effects of vitamin E on stroke subtypes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"341","author":"Schurks","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1437","article-title":"Vitamin E and the risk of prostate cancer: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT)","volume":"306","author":"Klein","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-1-200501040-00110","article-title":"Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality","volume":"142","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib142","article-title":"Real-world management of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis differs from clinical practice guideline recommendations and across regions","volume":"4","author":"Anstee","year":"2022","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.09.041","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence, severity, and outcomes in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Rich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-024-08540-4","article-title":"Sex and race-ethnic disparities in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: an analysis of 40,166 individuals","volume":"69","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-024-08722-0","article-title":"Disparities in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes: a narrative review","volume":"70","author":"Miller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15880","article-title":"Disparities among ethnic groups in mortality and outcomes among adults with MASLD: a multicenter study","volume":"44","author":"Aboona","year":"2024","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15941","article-title":"Use of non-invasive diagnostic tools for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: a qualitative exploration of challenges and barriers","volume":"44","author":"Tsochatzis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.06.048","article-title":"A global survey of physicians knowledge about nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Younossi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S367607","article-title":"Differences in NAFLD\/NASH management by provider specialty: opportunities for optimizing multidisciplinary care","volume":"15","author":"Porayko","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-015-0242-0","article-title":"Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks","volume":"10","author":"Nilsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-022-01245-0","article-title":"The updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research based on user feedback","volume":"17","author":"Damschroder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-010-0319-7","article-title":"Outcomes for implementation research: conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda","volume":"38","author":"Proctor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-015-0209-1","article-title":"A refined compilation of implementation strategies: results from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) project","volume":"10","author":"Powell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Implement Sci"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508526001988?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508526001988?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T16:32:00Z","timestamp":1784824320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016508526001988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":151,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016508526001988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-5085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-5085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical Care Pathway for the Risk Stratification and Management of Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction\u2013Associated Steatotic Liver Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastroenterology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.01.047","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Gastroenterological Association Institute.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}