{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T20:15:46Z","timestamp":1793650546772,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001784","name":"Pancreatic Cancer Action Network Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018805","name":"Sky Foundation Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007316","name":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01CA200466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CA200466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007316","name":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA047904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA047904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003183","name":"The National Pancreas Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30DK120531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK120531"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","gastrojournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T14:11:43Z","timestamp":1774620703000},"page":"325-341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["DNA\/RNA-Based Next-Generation Sequencing Improves the Early Diagnosis and Management of Neoplastic Bile Duct Strictures: A 6-Year, Prospective, Multi-Institutional, Real-Time Study"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Rohit","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Kleinberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Sawas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail I.","family":"Wald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Bubar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harkirat","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Chennat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asif","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Romutis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mordechai","family":"Rabinovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Tavakkoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly J.","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Boone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savreet","family":"Sarkaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhil R.","family":"Thiruvengadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Gabbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sultan","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Messallam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihajlo","family":"Gjeorgjievski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Goldschmiedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyam","family":"Thakkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Tielleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohannad","family":"Dugum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shailendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall E.","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Fasanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Marie","family":"Lennon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rekha","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara A.","family":"Singhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrence","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter S.","family":"Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan D.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany Y.","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Nassour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Buxbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna K.","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prija A.","family":"Jamidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily R.","family":"Jonica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"Easler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wasseem","family":"Skef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrikus Dutch","family":"Vanderveldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil K.","family":"Dasyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Geller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amer H.","family":"Zureikat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert J.","family":"Zeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricio M.","family":"Polanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Wallis","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Hogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Pingpank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Haroon A.","family":"Choudry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhinav","family":"Humar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Nunns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Ongchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Paniccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigfred","family":"Lajara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara E.","family":"Monaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. Paul","family":"Ohori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liron","family":"Pantanowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuha","family":"Shaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anju H.","family":"Singhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwaar","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim H.","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Gorantla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina N.","family":"Nikiforova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisa","family":"Kubiliun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Slivka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aatur D.","family":"Singhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3062","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-024-14939-0","article-title":"Revisiting the malignant masquerade at the liver hilum: have we made progress?","volume":"31","author":"Jain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2020.03.023","article-title":"Risk factors to differentiate between benign proximal biliary strictures and perihilar cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Tirotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib3","first-page":"MT8","article-title":"US, MRCP, CCT and ERCP: a comparative study in 131 patients with suspected biliary obstruction","volume":"11","author":"Ferrari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23035","article-title":"Significance of atypia in pancreatic and bile duct brushings: follow-up analysis of the categories atypical and suspicious for malignancy","volume":"42","author":"Chadwick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(99)70008-8","article-title":"Accuracy and complication rate of brush cytology from bile duct versus pancreatic duct","volume":"49","author":"Vandervoort","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2016.04.039","article-title":"ERCP tissue sampling","volume":"84","author":"Korc","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib7","first-page":"577","article-title":"A prospective, controlled analysis of endoscopic cytotechniques for diagnosis of malignant biliary strictures","volume":"86","author":"Foutch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840180618","article-title":"A prospective study of biliary cytology in 100 patients with bile duct strictures","volume":"18","author":"Kurzawinski","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.54.6.449","article-title":"Brush cytology in the assessment of pancreatico-biliary strictures: a review of 406 cases","volume":"54","author":"Stewart","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.02.040","article-title":"A multivariable model using advanced cytologic methods for the evaluation of indeterminate pancreatobiliary strictures","volume":"136","author":"Fritcher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13824","article-title":"Role of fluorescence in situ hybridization in diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma in indeterminate biliary strictures","volume":"33","author":"Liew","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01776.x","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of advanced molecular markers and imaging techniques in patients with indeterminate bile duct strictures","volume":"103","author":"Levy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001118","article-title":"The diagnostic yield of malignancy comparing cytology, FISH, and molecular analysis of cell free cytology brush supernatant in patients with biliary strictures undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC): a prospective study","volume":"53","author":"Kushnir","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21303","article-title":"Improving the accuracy of pancreatobiliary tract cytology with fluorescence in situ hybridization: a molecular test with proven clinical success","volume":"121","author":"Kipp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.272","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis patients with serial polysomy fluorescence in situ hybridization results are at increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"106","author":"Barr Fritcher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2013.11.001","article-title":"Fluorescence in situ hybridization for diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Navaneethan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2015.08.002","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization have comparable performance characteristics in the analysis of pancreaticobiliary brushings for malignancy","volume":"18","author":"Dudley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325178","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing of bile cell-free DNA for the early detection of patients with malignant biliary strictures","volume":"71","author":"Arechederra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317817","article-title":"Integrating next-generation sequencing to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-obtained biliary specimens improves the detection and management of patients with malignant bile duct strictures","volume":"69","author":"Singhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2022.10.014","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing mutation analysis on biliary brush cytology for differentiation of benign and malignant strictures in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"97","author":"Kamp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0577-1","article-title":"Tiny but mighty: use of next generation sequencing on discarded cytocentrifuged bile duct brushing specimens to increase sensitivity of cytological diagnosis","volume":"33","author":"Harbhajanka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32771","article-title":"AASLD practice guidance on primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"77","author":"Bowlus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.10.028","article-title":"Recurrent rearrangements in PRKACA and PRKACB in intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms of the pancreas and bile duct","volume":"158","author":"Singhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.09.028","article-title":"Prospective, multi-institutional, real-time next-generation sequencing of pancreatic cyst fluid reveals diverse genomic alterations that improve the clinical management of pancreatic cysts","volume":"164","author":"Paniccia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e789","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005904","article-title":"A combined DNA\/RNA-based next-generation sequencing platform to improve the classification of pancreatic cysts and early detection of pancreatic cancer arising from pancreatic cysts","volume":"278","author":"Nikiforova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-025-18848-8","article-title":"PancreaSeq Genomic Classifier (PancreaSeq GC) improves pancreatic cyst classification and detection of advanced neoplasia: a multi-institutional validation study","volume":"33","author":"Singhi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib27","article-title":"OncoKB: a precision oncology knowledge base","volume":"2017","author":"Chakravarty","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy263","article-title":"A framework to rank genomic alterations as targets for cancer precision medicine: the ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets (ESCAT)","volume":"29","author":"Mateo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.02178","article-title":"Adjuvant therapy for resected biliary tract cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"37","author":"Shroff","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2021.0017","article-title":"Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, version 2.2021, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"19","author":"Tempero","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2023.0034","article-title":"Ampullary adenocarcinoma, version 1.2023, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"21","author":"Chiorean","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2023.0035","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines(R) Insights: biliary tract cancers, version 2.2023","volume":"21","author":"Benson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.04.005","article-title":"Recommendations for the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for patients with advanced cancer in 2024: a report from the ESMO Precision Medicine Working Group","volume":"35","author":"Mosele","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2021.0017","article-title":"Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, version 2.2021, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"19","author":"Tempero","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib35","article-title":"Yield of next-generation sequencing in diagnostic work up of suspicious biliary strictures","volume":"13","author":"Meijering","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2024.12.024","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing improves the detection of malignant biliary strictures and changes management","volume":"102","author":"Bardhi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60096-3","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"382","author":"Hirschfield","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.08.013","article-title":"High lifetime risk of cancer in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"50","author":"Claessen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22441","article-title":"Utility of serum tumor markers, imaging, and biliary cytology for detecting cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"48","author":"Charatcharoenwitthaya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14007","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of a stepwise cytological algorithm for biliary malignancy in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"39","author":"von Seth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.05.011","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"77","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0012.0929","article-title":"Racial, ethnic, and age disparities in incidence and survival of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States; 1995-2014","volume":"17","author":"Antwi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61903-0","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"383","author":"Razumilava","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyad178","article-title":"A novel HRD signature is predictive of FOLFIRINOX benefit in metastatic pancreatic cancer","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-0418","article-title":"Genomic methods identify homologous recombination deficiency in pancreas adenocarcinoma and optimize treatment selection","volume":"26","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4393","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33812","article-title":"Pancreas cancer and BRCA: a critical subset of patients with improving therapeutic outcomes","volume":"127","author":"Momtaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3929","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.01604","article-title":"Overall survival results from the POLO trial: a phase III study of active maintenance olaparib versus placebo for germline BRCA-mutated metastatic pancreatic cancer","volume":"40","author":"Kindler","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30074-7","article-title":"Overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer receiving matched therapies following molecular profiling: a retrospective analysis of the Know Your Tumor registry trial","volume":"21","author":"Pishvaian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2003.345","article-title":"Influence of stricture dilation and repeat brushing on the cancer detection rate of brush cytology in the evaluation of malignant biliary obstruction","volume":"58","author":"de Bellis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2013.12.031","article-title":"EUS-FNA is superior to ERCP-based tissue sampling in suspected malignant biliary obstruction: results of a prospective, single-blind, comparative study","volume":"80","author":"Weilert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)01732-8","article-title":"ERCP or EUS for tissue diagnosis of biliary strictures? A prospective comparative study","volume":"60","author":"Rosch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4103\/2303-9027.193597","article-title":"Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography versus endoscopic ultrasound for tissue diagnosis of malignant biliary stricture: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"De Moura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endosc Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2012.45.3.328","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography in the evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures","volume":"45","author":"Topazian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2005.11.064","article-title":"EUS-guided FNA of proximal biliary strictures after negative ERCP brush cytology results","volume":"64","author":"DeWitt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8040417","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a safe tissue sampling modality","volume":"8","author":"Onoyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102443","article-title":"Impact on costs and outcomes of multi-gene panel testing for advanced solid malignancies: a cost-consequence analysis using linked administrative data","volume":"69","author":"Hernando-Calvo","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508526002520?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016508526002520?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T23:13:29Z","timestamp":1785885209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016508526002520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016508526002520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-5085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-5085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"DNA\/RNA-Based Next-Generation Sequencing Improves the Early Diagnosis and Management of Neoplastic Bile Duct Strictures: A 6-Year, Prospective, Multi-Institutional, Real-Time Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastroenterology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2026.02.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Gastroenterological Association Institute.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}