{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:52:01Z","timestamp":1787820721271,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jfas.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,12]],"date-time":"2015-09-12T07:47:09Z","timestamp":1442044029000},"page":"146-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Adults With Open Tibial Fractures: What Is the Evidence for Duration of Administration? A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Sherif M.","family":"Isaac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5387-1705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irini N.","family":"Danial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hany","family":"Mourkus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200194120-00012","article-title":"Once daily high-dose gentamicin to prevent infection in open fractures of the tibial shaft: a preliminary investigation","volume":"94","author":"Russell","year":"2001","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658040-00004","article-title":"Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses","volume":"58","author":"Gustilo","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.8.6.673-675.1978","article-title":"Quantitative microbiology of traumatic orthopaedic wounds","volume":"8","author":"Lawrence","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456030-00010","article-title":"The role of antibiotics in the management of open fractures","volume":"56","author":"Patzakis","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198808000-00023","article-title":"The medical and economic impact of severely injured lower extremities","volume":"28","author":"Bondurant","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769060-00002","article-title":"Severe open fractures of the tibia","volume":"69","author":"Caudle","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1988.01400350034004","article-title":"Risk of infection after open fracture of the arm or leg","volume":"123","author":"Dellinger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1988.01400270067010","article-title":"Duration of preventive antibiotic administration for open extremity fractures","volume":"123","author":"Dellinger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib9","first-page":"1781","article-title":"Classification of type III (severe) open fractures relative to treatment and results","volume":"10","author":"Gustilo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Orthopaedics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198408000-00009","article-title":"Problems in the management of type III (severe) open fractures: a new classification of type III open fractures","volume":"24","author":"Gustilo","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198365070-00001","article-title":"Open fractures of the tibia treated with the Lottes nail","volume":"65","author":"Velazco","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2006.7.379","article-title":"Surgical Infection Society guideline: prophylactic antibiotic use in open fractures: an evidence based guideline","volume":"7","author":"Hauser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib13","first-page":"1415","article-title":"Comparison of soap and antibiotic solutions for irrigation of lower limb open fractures","volume":"87","author":"Anglen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31673-4","article-title":"Choice and duration of antibiotics in open fractures","volume":"22","author":"Wilkins","year":"1991","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib15","first-page":"413","article-title":"Trauma: antibiotics in open fractures","volume":"42","author":"Cat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2006.7.327","article-title":"Breaking with tradition: evidence based antibiotic prophylaxis of open fractures","volume":"7","author":"Barie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199608000-00006","article-title":"Comparison of intravenous and oral antibiotic therapy in the treatment of fractures caused by low velocity gunshots: a prospective randomised study of infection rates","volume":"78","author":"Knapp","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib18","first-page":"246","article-title":"A review of antibiotic prophylaxis for open fractures","volume":"16","author":"Antrum","year":"1987","journal-title":"Orthop Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2005.08.001","article-title":"Management of open fractures","volume":"19","author":"Patzakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib20","first-page":"111","article-title":"Management of open fractures in adult patients: current teaching in ACGME accredited residency programs","volume":"16","author":"Lavelle","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Surg Orthop Adv"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860010-00018","article-title":"Open fractures of the tibia","volume":"60","author":"Clancey","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198309000-00006","article-title":"Consideration in reducing the infection rate in open tibial fractures","volume":"178","author":"Patzakis","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198309000-00005","article-title":"Use of antibiotics in open tibial fractures","volume":"178","author":"Patzakis","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198906000-00006","article-title":"Factors influencing infection rate in open fracture wounds","volume":"243","author":"Patzakis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)40804-2","article-title":"The use of antibiotics in open fractures","volume":"55","author":"Patzakis","year":"1975","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib26","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the additional benefit of local prophylactic antibiotic therapy for infection rates in open tibia fractures treated with intramedullary nailing","volume":"38","author":"Craig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int\u00a0Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072020-00023","article-title":"Current concepts review: the management of open fractures","volume":"72","author":"Gustilo","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.137.5.537","article-title":"Severe trauma is not an excuse for prolonged\u00a0antibiotic prophylaxis","volume":"137","author":"Velmahos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.95B6.30114","article-title":"Short duration of antibiotic prophylaxis in open fractures does not enhance risk of subsequent infection","volume":"95-B","author":"Dunkel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(84)90152-9","article-title":"The management of type III open tibial fractures","volume":"16","author":"Chan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib31","first-page":"120","article-title":"The role of early internal fixation in the management of open fractures","volume":"138","author":"Chapman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib32","series-title":"Standards for the management of open fractures of the lower limb","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200612000-00025","article-title":"Trends in the management of open fractures: a critical analysis","volume":"88","author":"Okike","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2006.04.012","article-title":"Antibiotics in trauma and orthopedic surgery\u2014a primer of evidence-based recommendations","volume":"37","author":"Jeager","year":"2006","journal-title":"Injury"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067251615003142?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067251615003142?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T05:00:23Z","timestamp":1761022823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1067251615003142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1067251615003142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-2516"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-2516","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Adults With Open Tibial Fractures: What Is the Evidence for Duration of Administration? A Systematic Review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}