{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T15:30:48Z","timestamp":1778254248930,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jfas.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]],"date-time":"2018-02-22T06:19:06Z","timestamp":1519280346000},"page":"309-315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Appraisal of Biofilm Formation in Diabetic Foot Infections by Comparing Phenotypic Methods With the Ultrastructural Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Sugandhi","family":"Pugazhendhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arvind Prasanth","family":"Dorairaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4103\/1687-4293.132774","article-title":"Bacteriological study of diabetic foot infection in Egypt","volume":"8","author":"Hefni","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Arab Soc Med Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0665-z","article-title":"One step closer to understanding the role of bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers: characterizing the microbiome of ulcers","volume":"16","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13313","article-title":"New horizons in the understanding of the causes and management of diabetic foot disease: report from the 2017 Diabetes UK Annual Professional Conference Symposium","volume":"34","author":"Clokie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2016.04.006","article-title":"Biofilm formation in clinical isolates of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii and its relationship with multidrug resistance","volume":"6","author":"Babapour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Biomed"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms5010009","article-title":"Microbial biofilms and chronic wounds","volume":"5","author":"Omar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0035","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biofilms made easy","volume":"1","author":"Phillips","year":"2010","journal-title":"Wounds Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(03)00399-9","article-title":"Extracellular polymeric substances responsible for bacterial adhesion onto solid surface","volume":"223","author":"Tsuneda","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.4.999-1007.2001","article-title":"Riddle of biofilm resistance","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0050","series-title":"Medical Implications of Biofilms","author":"Wilson","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmhg.2012.04.007","article-title":"Biofilm formation and presence of icaAD gene in clinical isolates of staphylococci","volume":"13","author":"Nasr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Egypt J Med Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-3-260","article-title":"Comparison of methods for the detection of biofilm production in coagulase-negative staphylococci","volume":"3","author":"Oliveira","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.12.011","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance of bacterial biofilms","volume":"35","author":"Hoiby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2011.00720.x","article-title":"The importance of a multifaceted approach to characterizing the microbial flora of chronic wounds","volume":"19","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.1.55-61.2006","article-title":"Multiple combination bactericidal testing of Staphylococcal biofilms from implant-associated infections","volume":"50","author":"Saginur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2011.0300","article-title":"Treatment options to manage wound biofilm","volume":"1","author":"Curtis Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms13032535","article-title":"Comparison of culture and molecular identification of bacteria in chronic wounds","volume":"13","author":"Rhoads","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0090","first-page":"1809","article-title":"A study of biofilm on diabetic foot ulcer","volume":"3","author":"Swarna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Res Pharma Biomed Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078100200202","article-title":"The vascular foot, a system of diagnosis and treatment","volume":"2","author":"Wagner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0100","series-title":"Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology","author":"Holt","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0105","volume":"Vol. 32, No. 3","author":"Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.37.1.318-326.1982","article-title":"Adherence of biofilm producing strains of Staphylococci epidermidis to smooth surfaces","volume":"37","author":"Christensen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.42.8.872","article-title":"New method of detecting slime production by coagulase negative Staphylococci","volume":"42","author":"Freeman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)02466-X","article-title":"Detection of biofilm formation among the clinical isolates of Staphylococci: an evaluation of three different screening methods","volume":"24","author":"Mathur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2007.00321.x","article-title":"Biofilms in chronic wounds","volume":"16","author":"James","year":"2008","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2009.18.8.43630","article-title":"Bacterial diversity in surgical site infections: not just aerobic cocci anymore","volume":"18","author":"Wolcott","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2004.06.001","article-title":"Bacteriological study of diabetic foot infections","volume":"19","author":"Abdulrazak","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0140","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Prevalence of pathogens in diabetic foot infection in South India type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"50","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0145","first-page":"295","article-title":"The common pathogens which were isolated from diabetic foot infections in Bir hospital","volume":"4","author":"Sharma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ Med J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/605195","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from diabetes patients with foot ulcers","author":"Sivanmaliappan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0737-0","article-title":"Susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in diabetic foot infections","volume":"16","author":"Mottola","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2010.10.003","article-title":"Clinico-microbiological study and antimicrobial drug resistance profile of diabetic foot infections in North India","volume":"21","author":"Zubair","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot (Edinb)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2012.02.028","article-title":"The impact of creatinine clearance on the outcome of diabetic foot ulcers in north Indian tertiary care hospital","volume":"5","author":"Zubair","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(00)00122-6","article-title":"A modified microtitre-plate test for quantification of staphylococcal biofilm formation","volume":"40","author":"Stepanovic","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780500543246","article-title":"Gangrenous necrosis of the diabetic foot caused by Fusarium acutatum","volume":"44","author":"Taj Aldeen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-229","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation at the physiologic glucose concentration depends on the S. aureus lineage","volume":"9","author":"Croes","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0185","first-page":"3428","article-title":"Spectrum of microbial infections in diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"4","author":"Sugandhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indo Am J Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-4669.2008.00174.x","article-title":"A high-resolution chemical and structural study of framboidal pyrite formed within a low temperature bacterial biofilm","volume":"6","author":"Maclean","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geobiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2011.02.003","article-title":"Subsurface examination of a foliar biofilm using scanning electron and focused-ion-beam microscopy","volume":"42","author":"Wallace","year":"2011","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.2008\/000968-0","article-title":"Biofilm formation by Scottish clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"57","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2014.65","article-title":"Strategies for combating bacterial biofilm infections","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.13.58","article-title":"Biofilm-associated infections: antibiotic resistance and novel therapeutic strategies","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067251617305860?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067251617305860?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T05:03:49Z","timestamp":1761023029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1067251617305860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1067251617305860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-2516"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-2516","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Appraisal of Biofilm Formation in Diabetic Foot Infections by Comparing Phenotypic Methods With the Ultrastructural Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.10.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}