{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:56:44Z","timestamp":1790805404323,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jfas.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T14:47:53Z","timestamp":1545403673000},"page":"119-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Intramedullary Fixation Versus Plate Fixation of Distal Fibular Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0060-2605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David B.","family":"Tas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diederik P.J.","family":"Smeeing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin L.","family":"Emmink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geertje A.M.","family":"Govaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falco","family":"Hietbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8385-1801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke P.H.","family":"Leenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roderick M.","family":"Houwert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00832-3","article-title":"Increasing number and incidence of low-trauma ankle fractures in elderly people: Finnish statistics during 1970\u20132000 and projections for the future","volume":"31","author":"Kannus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating ankle fractures in adults (review)","author":"Donken","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679809002356","article-title":"Epidemiology of ankle fractures: a prospective population-based study of 212 cases in Aalborg, Denmark","volume":"69","author":"Jensen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678709146395","article-title":"Epidemiology of ankle fractures in Rochester, Minnesota","volume":"58","author":"Daly","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2011.03.010","article-title":"Complications after open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures in the elderly","volume":"18","author":"Lynde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(87)90189-6","article-title":"The treatment of unstable fractures of the ankle in the elderly","volume":"18","author":"Litchfield","year":"1987","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-014-0320-0","article-title":"Intramedullary fixation of distal fibular fractures: a systematic review of clinical and functional outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Jain","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthopaed Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B9.35837","article-title":"A prospective randomised controlled trial of the fibular nail versus standard open reduction and internal fixation for fixation of ankle fractures in elderly patients","volume":"98B","author":"White","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.07.697","article-title":"Intermedullary versus extramedullary fixation of lateral malleolus fractures","volume":"22","author":"Rehman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2016.04.004","article-title":"The role of intramedullary fixation in ankle fractures\u2014a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Jordan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"8","author":"Moher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0012","series-title":"Die Verletzungen des oberen Sprunggelenkes","author":"Weber","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x","article-title":"Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS): development and validation of a new instrument","volume":"73","author":"Slim","year":"2003","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2011.04.017","article-title":"Functional outcomes after fibula locking nail for fragility fractures of the ankle","volume":"50","author":"Rajeev","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00435553","article-title":"A scoring scale for symptom evaluation after ankle fracture","volume":"103","author":"Olerud","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0016","unstructured":"The Nordic Cochrane Centre. Review Manager (RevMan). Copenhagen, Denmark: Cochrane Collaboration; 2014."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0017","unstructured":"Higgins J, Green S. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5. Copenhagen, Denmark: Cochrane Collaboration; 2011."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.01.018","article-title":"Plate fixation or intramedullary fixation for midshaft clavicle fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies","volume":"25","author":"Houwert","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516673615","article-title":"Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for midshaft clavicle fractures in patients aged 16 years and older: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and comparison of randomized controlled trials and observational studies","volume":"45","author":"Smeeing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00064-006-1168-0","article-title":"Intramedull\u00e4rer Verriegelungs-Kompressionsnagel (IP-XS-Nagel)","volume":"18","author":"Gehr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oper Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0021","first-page":"119","article-title":"Outcome of distal both bone leg fractures fixed by intramedullary nail for fibula and MIPPO in tibia","volume":"3","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Bone Jt Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-016-0333-1","article-title":"Complications after surgical management of distal lower leg fractures","volume":"24","author":"Neumann M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0023","first-page":"145","article-title":"Minimally invasive osteosynthesis of ankle fractures","volume":"77","author":"Szcz\u0119sny","year":"2012","journal-title":"Polish Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318214bf1b","article-title":"Augmented osteosynthesis of OTA 44-B fractures in older patients: a technique allowing early weightbearing","volume":"25","author":"Assal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.4236\/ss.2013.48072","article-title":"The effect of percutaneous screw fixation of lateral malleolus on ankle fracture healing and function","volume":"4","author":"Latif","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surg Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00064-017-0510-z","article-title":"Retrograder Fibulaverriegelungsnagel zur Behandlung von Sprunggelenkfrakturen","volume":"29","author":"F\u00f6rch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oper Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-003-0606-9","article-title":"New concepts in the treatment of ankle joint fractures. The IP-XS (XSL) and IP-XXS (XXSL) nail in the treatment of ankle joint fractures","volume":"124","author":"Gehr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(99)80039-8","article-title":"A different approach to the treatment of the lateral malleolar fractures with syndesmosis injury: the ANK nail","volume":"38","author":"Kara","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-008-0617-9","article-title":"Lateral fixation of open AO type-B2 ankle fractures: the Knowles pin versus plate","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-010-0971-2","article-title":"Lateral fixation of AO type-B2 ankle fractures: the Acutrak plus compression screw technique","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200503000-00007","article-title":"Lin C-C. Operative treatment of displaced lateral malleolar fractures: the Knowles pin technique","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-006-0260-2","article-title":"Lateral fixation of AO type-B2 ankle fractures in the elderly: the Knowles pin versus the plate","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.05.024","article-title":"Percutaneous intramedullary screw fixation of distal fibula fractures: a case series and systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Loukachov V","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-198802040-00002","article-title":"Evaluation of the treatment of ankle fractures with the Inyo nail","volume":"2","author":"McLennan","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"213","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198612000-00015","article-title":"A new approach to the treatment of ankle fractures: the Inyo nail","author":"McLennan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0036","first-page":"691","article-title":"Rush rods versus plate osteosyntheses for unstable ankle fractures in the elderly","volume":"22","author":"Pritchett","year":"1993","journal-title":"Orthop Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(01)00030-4","article-title":"The role of a fibular nail in the management of Weber type B ankle fractures in elderly patients with osteoporotic bone\u2014a preliminary report","volume":"32","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199405000-00012","article-title":"Percutaneous intramedullary fixation of lateral malleolus fractures: technique and report of early results","volume":"36","author":"Ray","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2015.11.008","article-title":"Percutaneous screw fixation of unstable ankle fractures in patients with poor soft tissues and significant co-morbidities","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0040","article-title":"Minimal invasive fixation can decrease infection rates in diabetic and obese patients with severe ankle fracture and syndesmotic injury","author":"Ebraheim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0041","unstructured":"Li C, Peng M, Lin G, Chen W, Wang W. Percutaneous compression cannulated screw fixation for ankle fractures. 2018;11:2489\u20132494."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1097\/01.btf.0000221100.31792.c2","article-title":"The fibula nail for treatment of ankle fractures in elderly and high risk patients","volume":"5","author":"Appleton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tech Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B9.37140","article-title":"Fluoroscopy-guided reduction and fibular nail fixation to manage unstable ankle fractures in patients with diabetes: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"98B","author":"Ashman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"4 suppl","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2014.03.005","article-title":"Internal fixation of the fibula in ankle fractures. A prospective, randomized and comparative study: plating versus nailing","volume":"100","author":"Asloum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401501105","article-title":"Intramedullary screw fixation of lateral malleolus fractures","volume":"15","author":"Bankston","year":"1994","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B8.28620","article-title":"The treatment of unstable fractures of the ankle using the Acumed fibular nail: development of a technique","volume":"94","author":"Bugler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0047","article-title":"Intramedullary fixation of lateral malleolus using Fibula Rod System in ankle fractures in the elderly","author":"Challagundla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0048","article-title":"Lateral malleolus closed reduction and internal fixation with intramedullary fibular rod using minimal invasive approach for the treatment of ankle fractures","author":"Coifman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.1184","article-title":"Ankle fractures in the elderly: initial and long-term outcomes","volume":"29","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0120","article-title":"Outcomes of ankle fractures in patients with uncomplicated versus complicated diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Wukich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717731757","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison of intramedullary fibular nail versus plate and screw fixation","volume":"38","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067251618303685?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067251618303685?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T05:05:22Z","timestamp":1761023122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1067251618303685"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1067251618303685"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-2516"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-2516","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intramedullary Fixation Versus Plate Fixation of Distal Fibular Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.08.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}