{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:25:57Z","timestamp":1790252757039,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jfas.org","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T02:57:27Z","timestamp":1716433047000},"page":"557-561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Predicting Prolonged Length of Hospital Stay and Identifying Risk Factors Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty: A Supervised Machine Learning Methodology"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6767-186X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadiwanashe","family":"Chirongoma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9521-9181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5068-6635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Bouterse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6130-912X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1138-4332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Patton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Essilfie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193662","article-title":"Population prevalence and distribution of ankle pain and symptomatic radiographic ankle osteoarthritis in community dwelling older adults: A systematic review and cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Murray","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2018.7569","article-title":"Physical impairments in adults with ankle osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Al-Mahrouqi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-020-00432-w","article-title":"Quality of life, function and disability in individuals with chronic ankle symptoms: a cross-sectional online survey","volume":"13","author":"Al Mahrouqi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1530\/EOR-21-0117","article-title":"Ankle osteoarthritis: comprehensive review and treatment algorithm proposal","volume":"7","author":"Herrera-P\u00e9rez","year":"2022","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4489","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194489","article-title":"Ankle osteoarthritis aetiology","volume":"10","author":"Herrera-P\u00e9rez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1177\/10711007221119148","article-title":"The rise of total ankle arthroplasty use: a database analysis describing case volumes and incidence trends in the United States between 2009 and 2019","volume":"43","author":"Karzon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2014.07.018","article-title":"Comparison of quality of life following total ankle arthroplasty and ankle arthrodesis: retrospective study of 54 cases","volume":"100","author":"Dalat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-021-05053-x","article-title":"End-stage ankle osteoarthritis: arthroplasty offers better quality of life than arthrodesis with similar complication and re-operation rates-an updated meta-analysis of comparative studies","volume":"45","author":"Fanelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.01.010","article-title":"Length of stay after shoulder arthroplasty\u2014the effect of an Orthopedic Specialty Hospital","volume":"25","author":"Padegimas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717738748","article-title":"A review of perioperative complications of outpatient total ankle arthroplasty","volume":"39","author":"Borenstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100716685551","article-title":"Economic analysis and patient satisfaction associated with outpatient total ankle arthroplasty","volume":"38","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/24730114211057888","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of outpatient total ankle arthroplasty","volume":"6","author":"Kayum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.12.030","article-title":"Development and validation of a machine learning algorithm after primary total hip arthroplasty: applications to length of stay and payment models","volume":"34","author":"Ramkumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2021.104670","article-title":"Machine learning using preoperative patient factors can predict duration of surgery and length of stay for total knee arthroplasty","volume":"158","author":"Abbas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.05.017","article-title":"Construct validation of machine learning in the prediction of short-term postoperative complications following total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"28","author":"Gowd","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0016","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn: machine learning in python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0017","article-title":"Python 3 reference manual","author":"Van Rossum","year":"2009","journal-title":"CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0028","article-title":"Utilization trends of total ankle arthroplasty and ankle fusion for tibiotalar osteoarthritis: a nationwide analysis of the United States population","volume":"16","author":"Paracha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Special"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640017709912","article-title":"Short-term perioperative complications and mortality after total ankle arthroplasty in the United States","volume":"11","author":"Heida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Special"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2022.08.007","article-title":"Analysis of baseline characteristics, length of stay, cost of care, complications and subgroup analysis of patients undergoing total ankle arthroplasty\u2014a large database study","volume":"62","author":"Sambandam","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr597","article-title":"MissForest\u2014non-parametric missing value imputation for mixed-type data","volume":"28","author":"Stekhoven","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280206074466","article-title":"A comparison of imputation techniques for handling missing predictor values in a risk model with a binary outcome","volume":"16","author":"Ambler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-8794-4-31","article-title":"Optimally splitting cases for training and testing high dimensional classifiers","volume":"4","author":"Dobbin","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med Genom"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0021","series-title":"Hyperparameter Optimization in Machine Learning","first-page":"31","article-title":"Hyperparameter optimization using Scikit-learn","author":"Agrawal","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0022","article-title":"Magician's corner: 9. performance metrics for machine learning models","volume":"3","author":"Erickson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ling, C.X., Huang, J., & Zhang, H. (2003). AUC: a better measure than accuracy in comparing learning algorithms. In Y. Xiang & B. Chaib-draa (eds.), Advances in Artificial Intelligence (Vol. 2671, pp. 329\u2013341). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-44886-1_25","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44886-1_25"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2007.55","article-title":"Matplotlib: a 2D graphics environment","volume":"9","author":"Hunter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput Sci Eng"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0025","series-title":"Applied Logistic Regression","first-page":"156","author":"Hosmer","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1002\/ansa.202200018","article-title":"Cross-validated permutation feature importance considering correlation between features","volume":"3","author":"Kaneko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Analyt Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-213","article-title":"A comparison of random forest and its Gini importance with standard chemometric methods for the feature selection and classification of spectral data","volume":"10","author":"Menze","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3943","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3918-x","article-title":"Comorbidities in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: do they influence hospital costs and length of stay?","volume":"472","author":"Pugely","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Related Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640020960546","article-title":"Short-term outcomes of primary total ankle arthroplasty in octogenarians: a national database analysis","volume":"15","author":"Partan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Special"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.05.013","article-title":"Comparison of machine learning techniques to predict unplanned readmission following total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"30","author":"Arvind","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2022.10.029","article-title":"Use of random forest machine learning algorithm to predict short term outcomes following posterior cervical decompression with instrumented fusion","volume":"107","author":"Cabrera","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.106183","article-title":"Predicting postoperative transfusion in elective total HIP and knee arthroplasty: comparison of different machine learning models of a case-control study","volume":"96","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Surg (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2019.06.018","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and arthroplasty at a single institution: real-world applications of machine learning to big data, value-based care, mobile health, and remote patient monitoring","volume":"34","author":"Ramkumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2020.12.040","article-title":"Development of a novel, potentially universal machine learning algorithm for prediction of complications after total hip arthroplasty","volume":"36","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2021.12.030","article-title":"Machine learning algorithms predict achievement of clinically significant outcomes after orthopaedic surgery: a systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Kunze","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.09.004","article-title":"Machine learning accurately predicts short-term outcomes following open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures","volume":"58","author":"Merrill","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2009.10.021","article-title":"Missing data in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program are not missing at random: implications and potential impact on quality assessments","volume":"210","author":"Hamilton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am College Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005_bib0041","series-title":"AMIA Symposium, 2019","first-page":"572","article-title":"Interpretation of machine learning predictions for patient outcomes in electronic health records. AMIA... Annual Symposium proceedings","author":"Cava","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067251624000966?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067251624000966?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T01:51:39Z","timestamp":1724723499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1067251624000966"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1067251624000966"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-2516"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-2516","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Predicting Prolonged Length of Hospital Stay and Identifying Risk Factors Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty: A Supervised Machine Learning Methodology","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2024.05.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 by the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}