{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T02:51:55Z","timestamp":1793674315120,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jfas.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T17:59:56Z","timestamp":1752602396000},"page":"2.e1-2.e5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Is the posterior malleolus reliably reduced by fibula fixation alone? A prospective CT-based study"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4688-3641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meletis","family":"Rozis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0371-3183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyndon","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios-Stergios","family":"Evangelopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleftherios","family":"Stavridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spyros","family":"Pneumaticos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000246468.80635.ef","article-title":"Posttraumatic osteoarthritis: a first estimate of incidence, prevalence, and burden of disease","volume":"20","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31818915d9","article-title":"Posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis after ankle-related fractures","volume":"23","author":"Horisberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.04.001","article-title":"Management of posterior malleolar fractures: a systematic review","volume":"55","author":"Odak","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-015-0098-1","article-title":"Long-term functional and radiographic outcomes in 243 operated ankle fractures","volume":"8","author":"Verhage","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-022-04536-9","article-title":"Complications following surgical treatment of posterior malleolar fractures: an analysis of 300 cases","volume":"143","author":"Neumann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100721996700","article-title":"The distribution of posterior malleolus fracture lines","volume":"42","author":"Quan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-018-3056-0","article-title":"Persistent postoperative step-off of the posterior malleolus leads to higher incidence of post-traumatic osteoarthritis in trimalleolar fractures","volume":"139","author":"Verhage","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715570895","article-title":"Influence of fragment size and postoperative joint congruency on long-term outcome of posterior malleolar fractures","volume":"36","author":"Drijfhout van Hooff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100719865896","article-title":"Anatomy of the insertion of the posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament and the posterior malleolar fracture","volume":"40","author":"Jayatilaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.12.025","article-title":"Open reduction and internal fixation of the posterior malleolus fragment frequently restores syndesmotic stability","volume":"50","author":"Baumbach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(01)00199-1","article-title":"Do type B malleolar fractures need a positioning screw?","volume":"33","author":"Heim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.OA.18.00058","article-title":"Posterior malleolar ankle fractures: an effort at improving outcomes","volume":"4","author":"Mason","year":"2019","journal-title":"JBJS Open Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.10.030","article-title":"Untreated small posterior fragment of ankle fracture with early removal of syndesmotic screw is associated with recurrent syndesmotic instability","volume":"52","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.03.010","article-title":"Ankle stability in ankle fracture","volume":"11","author":"Lambert","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e060","DOI":"10.1097\/OI9.0000000000000060","article-title":"Mechanism of posterior malleolar fracture of the ankle: a cadaveric study","volume":"3","author":"Haraguchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"OTA Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2010.12.013","article-title":"Ankle fractures with posterior malleolar fragment: management and results","volume":"50","author":"Mingo-Robinet","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-020-01309-0","article-title":"CT controlled results of direct reduction and fixation of posterior malleolus in ankle fractures","volume":"47","author":"Tucek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0058","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.OA.18.00058","article-title":"Posterior malleolar ankle fractures: an effort at improving outcomes","volume":"4","author":"Mason","year":"2019","journal-title":"JB JS Open Access"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1177\/10711007211006032","article-title":"Plafond malreduction and talar dome impaction accelerates arthrosis after supination-adduction ankle fracture","volume":"42","author":"Githens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717744332","article-title":"Correlation of Incisura anatomy with syndesmotic malreduction","volume":"39","author":"Boszczyk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2017.08.003","article-title":"Anatomy of the tibial incisura as a risk factor for syndesmotic injury","volume":"25","author":"Boszczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-018-2949-2","article-title":"When and how to operate the posterior malleolus fragment in trimalleolar fractures: a systematic literature review","volume":"138","author":"Verhage","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1148\/101.2.319","article-title":"Isolated fractures of the posterior tibial lip at the ankle as demonstrated by an additional projection, the \u201cpoor\u201d lateral view","volume":"101","author":"Mandell","year":"1971","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1177\/1602400207","article-title":"Preoperative radiography versus computed tomography for surgical planning for ankle fractures","volume":"24","author":"Leung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713475355","article-title":"Role of preoperative computed tomography scans in operative planning for malleolar ankle fractures","volume":"34","author":"Black","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199408000-00009","article-title":"Plain radiographic interpretation in trimalleolar ankle fractures poorly assesses posterior fragment size","volume":"8","author":"Ferries","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2019.08.007","article-title":"The effect of computerised tomography on operative planning in posterior malleolus ankle fractures","volume":"26","author":"Sheikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715603999","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of 2-dimensional computed tomography for articular involvement and fracture pattern of posterior malleolar fractures","volume":"37","author":"Meijer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.07.019","article-title":"Guesstimation of posterior malleolar fractures on lateral plain radiographs","volume":"46","author":"Meijer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31819b0b23","article-title":"Reliability of radiologic assessment of the fracture anatomy at the posterior tibial plafond in malleolar fractures","volume":"23","author":"Buchler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717732746","article-title":"Effect of CT on management plan in malleolar ankle fractures","volume":"39","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-013-1844-0","article-title":"Morphologic characteristics of the posterior malleolus fragment: a 3-D computer tomography based study","volume":"134","author":"Yao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.06.003","article-title":"Posterior malleolar fracture morphology determines outcome in rotational type ankle fractures","volume":"50","author":"Blom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2022.06.012","article-title":"Influence of posterior malleolar fragment morphology on the outcomes of trimalleolar fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200604000-00006","article-title":"The ability of the Lauge-Hansen classification to predict ligament injury and mechanism in ankle fractures: an MRI study","volume":"20","author":"Gardner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2022.02.013","article-title":"Does the Lauge-Hansen injury mechanism predict posterior malleolar fracture morphology?","volume":"61","author":"Patton","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-023-03714-8","article-title":"Tibialis posterior tendon entrapment in posterior malleolar and pilon injuries of the ankle: a retrospective analysis","volume":"34","author":"Aamir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.53.BJO-2023-0139","article-title":"Posterior tibialis tendon entrapment as a complication of posterior malleolar fractures in complex ankle fractures","volume":"5","author":"Syziu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Jt Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2002.32318","article-title":"Arthroscopic anatomy of the posterior ankle ligaments","volume":"18","author":"Golano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717719533","article-title":"Pathoanatomy and associated injuries of posterior malleolus fracture of the ankle","volume":"38","author":"Mason","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100719830999","article-title":"CT analysis of the posteromedial fragment of the posterior malleolar fracture","volume":"40","author":"Vosoughi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.01.053","article-title":"Comparing different surgical techniques for addressing the posterior malleolus in supination external rotation ankle fractures and the need for syndesmotic screw fixation","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2021.101894","article-title":"Open reduction and internal fixation of the posterior malleolus fragment via the posterolateral approach is radiologically superior to 'A to P' screw fixation","volume":"51","author":"Verhage","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foot"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-1111-4","article-title":"Posterior malleolar stabilization of syndesmotic injuries is equivalent to screw fixation","volume":"468","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2017.10.005","article-title":"Ankle fractures with syndesmotic stabilisation are associated with a high rate of secondary osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Ray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2020.10.001","article-title":"Predisposing factors for chronic syndesmotic instability following syndesmotic fixation in ankle fracture: minimum 5-year follow-up outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000211145.08543.4a","article-title":"Examination and repair of the AITFL in transmalleolar fractures","volume":"20","author":"Nelson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13152615","article-title":"Anterior incisura fibularis corner landmarks can safely validate the optimal distal tibiofibular reduction in malleolar fractures-prospective CT study","volume":"13","author":"Rozis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.04.014","volume":"47","author":"Zhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717735839","article-title":"Stability of the syndesmosis after posterior malleolar fracture fixation","volume":"39","author":"Miller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1177\/10711007231165771","article-title":"Open reduction and internal fixation of the posterior malleolus fragment in ankle fractures improves the patient-rated outcome: a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Miksch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067251625001942?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067251625001942?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T12:46:11Z","timestamp":1768308371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1067251625001942"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1067251625001942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-2516"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-2516","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Is the posterior malleolus reliably reduced by fibula fixation alone? A prospective CT-based study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2025.06.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}