{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T12:10:07Z","timestamp":1779451807698,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jfas.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T07:29:34Z","timestamp":1768202974000},"page":"98.e1-98.e5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perioperative ketorolac use following total ankle arthroplasty is associated with increased infection and revision risk"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5401-573X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akin A.","family":"Adio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8456-5815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer X.","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahab","family":"Alnemri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imad","family":"Ashkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiko","family":"Sumiyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hammam","family":"Kayali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Ndu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"B","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.103B4.BJJ-2020-0758.R1","article-title":"Total ankle arthroplasty: seven-year survivorship of 118 consecutive Zenith ankle arthroplasties from a non-designer centre","volume":"103","author":"Clough","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Jt J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.02.06","article-title":"Trends in total ankle arthroplasty and revisions in the Medicare database","volume":"6","author":"Law","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.03.037","article-title":"Recent national trends and outcomes in total ankle arthroplasty in the United States","volume":"57","author":"Rybalko","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-016-3303-3","article-title":"Total ankle arthroplasty versus ankle arthrodesis for the treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis: a meta-analysis of comparative studies","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2010.2.1.1","article-title":"Treatment of isolated ankle osteoarthritis with arthrodesis or the total ankle replacement: a comparison of early outcomes","volume":"2","author":"Saltzman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1177\/10711007211027273","article-title":"Evaluating and managing the painful total ankle replacement","volume":"42","author":"Henry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0208","article-title":"Continuous popliteal block for postoperative analgesia in total ankle arthroplasty","volume":"33","author":"Gallardo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20150701-61","article-title":"Multimodal analgesia for total joint arthroplasty","volume":"38","author":"Halawi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2019.12.001","article-title":"An innovative pain control method using peripheral nerve block and patient-controlled analgesia with ketorolac after bone surgery in the ankle area: a prospective study","volume":"59","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4956","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14144956","article-title":"Evaluating the effects of perioperative ketorolac use on uncemented total hip arthroplasty outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Mittal","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000000978","article-title":"How does perioperative ketorolac affect opioid consumption and pain management after ankle fracture surgery?","volume":"478","author":"McDonald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0012","unstructured":"Real-world Data for the Life Sciences and Healthcare. TriNetX n.d. https:\/\/trinetx.com\/."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6969","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12226969","article-title":"Postoperative complications associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory combinations used status-post total hip and knee arthroplasty","volume":"12","author":"Nakata","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-082501","article-title":"Risk equations for prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) in UK: a retrospective study using the clinical practice research datalink (CPRD) AURUM and GOLD databases","volume":"14","author":"Perni","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00561376","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of ketorolac tromethamine in humans after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration","volume":"35","author":"Jung","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612043453144","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase enzymes: regulation and function","volume":"10","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101029","article-title":"Regulation of immune responses by Prostaglandin E2","volume":"188","author":"Kalinski","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0018","first-page":"247","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and side effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors","volume":"59","author":"S\u00fcleyman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep PR"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25791","article-title":"NSAID use in orthopedic surgery: a review of current evidence and clinical practice guidelines","volume":"42","author":"Ryan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.21037\/aoj-23-58","article-title":"The effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use on soft tissue and bone healing in the knee: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Solaiman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Jt"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199507000-00004","article-title":"Effect of ketorolac tromethamine on bleeding and on requirements for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty","volume":"77","author":"Fragen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04050.x","article-title":"Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on platelet function and systemic hemostasis","volume":"35","author":"Schafer","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0023","first-page":"1176","article-title":"Intravenous ketorolac tromethamine worsens platelet function during knee arthroscopy under spinal anesthesia","volume":"82","author":"Thwaites","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020042","article-title":"Perioperative bleeding and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: an evidence-based literature review, and current clinical appraisal","volume":"99","author":"Sheth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.02.330","article-title":"Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in year 1 following total knee arthroplasty and implant survival: a register-based cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Prieto-Alhambra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000620","article-title":"Ketorolac administered in the recovery room for acute pain management does not affect healing rates of femoral and tibial fractures","volume":"30","author":"Donohue","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2023.01.002","article-title":"The effects of NSAIDs on foot and ankle arthrodesis procedures, a retrospective chart review","volume":"62","author":"Pirozzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100718782489","article-title":"Effect of postoperative ketorolac administration on bone healing in ankle fracture surgery","volume":"39","author":"McDonald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2019.05.016","article-title":"The effect of post-operative NSAID administration on bone healing after elective foot and ankle surgery","volume":"26","author":"Hassan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067251626000086?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067251626000086?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T11:42:40Z","timestamp":1779450160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1067251626000086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1067251626000086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-2516"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-2516","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Perioperative ketorolac use following total ankle arthroplasty is associated with increased infection and revision risk","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.01.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 by the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}