{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:32:14Z","timestamp":1791772334692,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jfas.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T17:21:30Z","timestamp":1770657690000},"page":"120.e1-120.e6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparing different fixation methods for medial malleolar ankle fractures"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7369-8508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stein B.M.","family":"van den Heuvel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5483-7826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas A.H.","family":"Steunenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1355-1322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diederick","family":"Penning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3649-0609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens A.","family":"Halm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1172-4939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Schepers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.04.047","article-title":"Epidemiology of extremity fractures in the Netherlands","volume":"48","author":"Beerekamp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679809002355","article-title":"Adult ankle fractures\u2013an increasing problem?","volume":"69","author":"Court-Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2019.09.016","article-title":"Ankle fracture epidemiology in the United States: patient-related trends and mechanisms of injury","volume":"59","author":"Scheer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2006.02.001","article-title":"Ankle fractures","volume":"23","author":"Mandi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.101B5.BJJ-2019-0070","article-title":"Medial malleolar fractures: current treatment concepts","volume":"101-B","author":"Carter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone Jt J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714524553","article-title":"Comparison of surgical techniques of 111 medial malleolar fractures classified by fracture geometry","volume":"35","author":"Ebraheim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200311000-00004","article-title":"Ankle fractures resulting from rotational injuries","volume":"11","author":"Michelson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31828e1bb7","article-title":"Nonoperative treatment of the medial malleolus in bimalleolar and trimalleolar ankle fractures: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Hoelsbrekken","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0009","article-title":"Enkelfracturen","author":"Specialisten","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ned Ver Heelkd"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0010","author":"Crist"},{"issue":"138","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0012","first-page":"111","article-title":"Evaluation of ankle fractures: non-operative and operative treatment","author":"Hughes","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res:"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199212000-00013","article-title":"Tension band fixation of medial malleolus fractures","volume":"6","author":"Ostrum","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2007.89.7.729b","article-title":"Parallel screw fixation of the medial malleolus","volume":"89","author":"Hamilton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.95B12.30498","article-title":"Screw fixation of medial malleolar fractures","volume":"95-B","author":"Parker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Jt J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100719840995","article-title":"Single- vs 2-screw lag fixation of the medial malleolus in unstable ankle fractures","volume":"40","author":"Mandel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02688-9","article-title":"A novel classification for medial malleolar fracture based on the 3-D reconstruction CT","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B1.18349","article-title":"Conservative treatment of isolated fractures of the medial malleolus","volume":"89","author":"Herscovici","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2018.02.009","article-title":"Surgical versus conservative treatment for ankle fractures in adults - a systematic review and meta-analysis of the benefits and harms","volume":"25","author":"Larsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-012-1753-9","article-title":"The timing of ankle fracture surgery and the effect on infectious complications; a case series and systematic review of the literature","volume":"37","author":"Schepers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shao J, Zhang H, Yin B, Li J, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. Risk factors for surgical site infection following operative treatment of ankle fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. In. 2018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2018.06.018"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(02)00162-6","article-title":"Complications of open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures","volume":"8","author":"Leyes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318213f217","article-title":"The impact of smoking on complications after operatively treated ankle fractures\u2013a follow-up study of 906 patients","volume":"25","author":"Nasell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(05)70198-X","article-title":"Complications of ankle fractures in diabetic patients","volume":"32","author":"Bibbo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198408000-00009","article-title":"Problems in the management of type III (severe) open fractures: a new classification of type III open fractures","volume":"24","author":"Gustilo","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000521963.77728.c0","article-title":"New CDC guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection","volume":"117","author":"Todd","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJN Am J Nurs"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2016.10.003","article-title":"An evaluation of the Herscovici classification for fractures of the medial malleolus","volume":"23","author":"Aitken","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-022-01959-2","article-title":"Evaluation of ankle fracture classification systems in 193 trimalleolar ankle fractures","volume":"48","author":"Pfl\u00fcger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0029","first-page":"41","article-title":"A comparative study in management of vertical medial malleolus fractures by cannulated screw versus plating","volume":"3","author":"Atef Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Al-Azhar Int Med J Vol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-021-03945-6","article-title":"Efficacy of hook-type locking plate and partially threaded cancellous lag screw in the treatment of displaced medial malleolar fractures in elderly patients","volume":"142","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0031","first-page":"553","article-title":"Comparative study on screw or buttress plate for fixation of supination-adduction type-II medial malleolar fracture]","volume":"31","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2022.103447","article-title":"Tension band wiring versus screw fixation for the treatment of medial malleolar fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001311","article-title":"Single-screw fixation compared with double screw fixation for treatment of medial malleolar fractures: a prospective randomized trial","volume":"32","author":"Buckley","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318249697d","article-title":"Effect of mini-fragment fixation on the stabilization of medial malleolus fractures","volume":"72","author":"Amanatullah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0035","first-page":"10","article-title":"Minifragment T-plate fixation - an alternative method for medial malleolus fracture fixation","volume":"3","author":"Wadhwani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg Asia Pac"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0036","first-page":"432","article-title":"Tibial pilon fractures: a review of incidence, diagnosis, treatment, and complications","volume":"77","author":"Mauffrey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200007000-00006","article-title":"Complications after treatment of tibial pilon fractures: prevention and management strategies","volume":"8","author":"Thordarson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13754","article-title":"The reliability and accuracy of the medial malleolar fracture classification based on 3D CT reconstruction","volume":"15","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.103B5.BJJ-2020-1859.R2","article-title":"Characteristics and classification of medial malleolar fractures","volume":"103-B","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Jt J"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067251626000372?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067251626000372?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T07:13:00Z","timestamp":1783667580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1067251626000372"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1067251626000372"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-2516"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-2516","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparing different fixation methods for medial malleolar ankle fractures","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.02.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}