{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T07:08:52Z","timestamp":1788764932831,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005977","name":"Kaiser Permanente","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jfas.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T16:54:06Z","timestamp":1775494446000},"page":"150.e1-150.e7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of diabetes mellitus on postoperative outcomes following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of open ankle fractures"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Logan H.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9322-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason D.","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miranda L. Ritterman","family":"Weintraub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0113-5041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa M.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca M.","family":"Castellucci-Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-014-2140-3","article-title":"Court-Brown CM. Open ankle fractures: who gets them and why?","volume":"135","author":"Bugler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.04.015","article-title":"Contemporary demographics and complications of patients treated for open ankle fractures","volume":"46","author":"Ovaska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.07.016","article-title":"Risk factors for open malleolar fractures: an analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank (2007 to 2011)","volume":"55","author":"Shibuya","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-03558-2","article-title":"Epidemiology of more than 50,000 ankle fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register during a period of 10 years","volume":"18","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658040-00004","article-title":"Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses","volume":"58","author":"Gustilo","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198408000-00009","article-title":"Problems in the management of type III (Severe) open fractures: a new classification of type III open fractures","volume":"24","author":"Gustilo","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.11.014","article-title":"Low energy open ankle fractures in the elderly: outcome and treatment algorithm","volume":"48","author":"Wijendra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2018.06.018","article-title":"Risk factors for surgical site infection following operative treatment of ankle fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(90)90062-Y","article-title":"Management of open fractures of the ankle joint","volume":"21","author":"Ngcelwane","year":"1990","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-011-1349-7","article-title":"Evidence-based treatment of open ankle fractures","volume":"131","author":"Hulsker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466090-00004","article-title":"Immediate internal fixation of open ankle fractures: report of thirty-eight cases treated with a standard protocol","volume":"66","author":"Franklin","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.01088","article-title":"Risk factors for wound complications after ankle fracture surgery","volume":"94","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00653","article-title":"Complication rates following open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures","volume":"91","author":"SooHoo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9901","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009901","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for surgical site infection after open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fracture","volume":"97","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000246506.58128.ec","article-title":"Management of severe open ankle injuries","volume":"119","author":"Khan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-198802040-00001","article-title":"Immediate internal fixation of open ankle fractures","volume":"2","author":"Wiss","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0017","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes statistics report: estimates of diabetes and its burden in the United States\u20142021. Updated May 15, 2024. Accessed December 2025. https:\/\/gis.cdc.gov\/grasp\/diabetes\/diabetesatlas-statsreport.html"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-015-0286-8","article-title":"Diabetes and its effect on bone and fracture healing","volume":"13","author":"Jiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024067","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and the risk of fractures at specific sites: a meta\u2011analysis","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-4005-z","article-title":"Morbidity and readmission after open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures are associated with preoperative patient characteristics","volume":"473","author":"Basques","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B4.0800689","article-title":"Ankle fractures in diabetics. Complications of surgical management","volume":"80","author":"McCormack","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(05)70198-X","article-title":"Complications of ankle fractures in diabetic patients","volume":"32","author":"Bibbo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079902001103","article-title":"Acute complications in the operative treatment of isolated ankle fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"20","author":"Blotter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070002100407","article-title":"Closed ankle fractures in the diabetic patient","volume":"21","author":"Flynn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0025","first-page":"1712","article-title":"The impact of diabetes on patient outcomes after ankle fracture","volume":"87","author":"Ganesh","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200605000-00007","article-title":"Predictors of short-term functional outcome following ankle fracture surgery","volume":"88","author":"Egol","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2018.09.023","article-title":"Increased rates of readmission, reoperation, and mortality following open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures are associated with diabetes mellitus","volume":"58","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.00789","article-title":"Association between diabetes, obesity, and short-term outcomes among patients surgically treated for ankle fracture","volume":"97","author":"Cavo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200803000-00007","article-title":"Complications of ankle fracture in patients with diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0006","article-title":"Operative management of ankle fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"28","author":"Costigan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100716678796","article-title":"Nonoperative versus operative treatment of displaced ankle fractures in diabetics","volume":"38","author":"Lovy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"349","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199804000-00015","article-title":"Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle","author":"Schon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0120","article-title":"Outcomes of ankle fractures in patients with uncomplicated versus complicated diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Wukich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B4.15724","article-title":"Ankle fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"87","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000084402.53464.90","article-title":"Open ankle fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"414","author":"White","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0036","first-page":"719","article-title":"Linking automated databases for research in managed care settings","volume":"127","author":"Selby","year":"1997","journal-title":"AnnInternMed"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.02.027","article-title":"Predictors of poor outcomes following deep infection after internal fixation of ankle fractures","volume":"44","author":"Ovaska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e484","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000394","article-title":"Impact of diabetes mellitus on surgical quality measures after ankle fracture surgery: implications for \"value-based\" compensation and \"pay for performance\"","volume":"29","author":"Regan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2012.10.013","article-title":"Factors affecting healing of ankle fractures","volume":"52","author":"Dodson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2954","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2954","article-title":"The role of diabetes mellitus and BMI in the surgical treatment of ankle fractures","volume":"34","author":"Lanzetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198903000-00007","article-title":"Treatment of open ankle fractures. Immediate internal fixation versus closed immobilization and delayed fixation","volume":"240","author":"Bray","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199307000-00014","article-title":"Open ankle fractures. The indications for immediate open reduction and internal fixation","volume":"292","author":"Johnson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001635","article-title":"The effects of diabetes and diabetic medications on bone health","volume":"34","author":"Elamir","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"58","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31302","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23937","article-title":"The association between risk of limb fracture and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4717-0","article-title":"Discordant pattern of peripheral fractures in diabetes: a meta-analysis on the risk of wrist and ankle fractures","volume":"30","author":"Vilaca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/230949901502300114","article-title":"Infection rates in Singaporeans with and without complicated diabetes after ankle fracture surgery","volume":"23","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640017714867","article-title":"Complications following operatively treated ankle fractures in insulin- and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients","volume":"11","author":"Haddix","year":"2018","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067251626000992?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1067251626000992?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T06:35:01Z","timestamp":1788762901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1067251626000992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1067251626000992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-2516"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-2516","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The impact of diabetes mellitus on postoperative outcomes following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of open ankle fractures","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2026.04.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 by the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}