{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:42:14Z","timestamp":1787499734911,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jrnjournal.org","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Renal Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]],"date-time":"2018-07-26T11:26:02Z","timestamp":1532604362000},"page":"369-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Is it Important to Prevent and Treat Protein-Energy Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease and Chronic Dialysis Patients?"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Bereket Tessema","family":"Lodebo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuja","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel D.","family":"Kopple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2017.32.2.257","article-title":"Nutritional status in adults with predialysis chronic kidney disease: know-ckd study","volume":"32","author":"Hyun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00658.x","article-title":"Mortality risk in hemodialysis patients and changes in nutritional indicators: DOPPS","volume":"62","author":"Pifer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2006.12.005","article-title":"Evaluation of nutrition assessment tools compared with body cell mass for the assessment of malnutrition in chronic kidney disease","volume":"17","author":"Campbell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00422.x","article-title":"Strong association between malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure","volume":"55","author":"Stenvinkel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2004.04.002","article-title":"Nutritional status and dietary manipulation in predialysis chronic renal failure patients","volume":"14","author":"Cupisti","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002585","article-title":"A proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein\u2013energy wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease","volume":"73","author":"Fouque","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.05.007","article-title":"Gait speed in patients with kidney failure treated with long-term dialysis","volume":"66","author":"Roshanravan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3588","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr013","article-title":"Handgrip strength is an independent predictor of renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney diseases","volume":"26","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.29222","article-title":"A malnutrition-inflammation score is correlated with morbidity and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"38","author":"Kalantar-Zadeh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib10","first-page":"917","article-title":"Total body nitrogen in health and disease: effects of age, weight, height, and sex","volume":"99","author":"Ellis","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.5.979","article-title":"Total body protein: a new cellular level mass and distribution prediction model","volume":"78","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.490","article-title":"Calcium balance in normal individuals and in patients with chronic kidney disease on low- and high-calcium diets","volume":"81","author":"Spiegel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1159\/000368512","article-title":"Iron status and inflammation in early stages of chronic kidney disease","volume":"40","author":"Lukaszyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-9987.2009.00656.x","article-title":"Zinc deficiency anemia and effects of zinc therapy in maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"13","author":"Fukushima","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfx059","article-title":"High doses of cholecalciferol alleviate the progression of hyperparathyroidism in patients with CKD Stages 3-4: results of a 12-week double-blind, randomized, controlled study","volume":"33","author":"Westerberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1081\/JDI-120021157","article-title":"Low dose intravenous ascorbic acid for erythropoietin-hyporesponsive anemia in diabetic hemodialysis patients with iron overload","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib17","first-page":"187","article-title":"Deficiencies of vitamins in CAPD patients: the effect of supplementation","volume":"3","author":"Boeschoten","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00410.x","article-title":"Association of morbidity with markers of nutrition and inflammation in chronic hemodialysis patients: a prospective study","volume":"55","author":"Ikizler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00014.x","article-title":"Relationship between nutritional status and the glomerular filtration rate: results from the MDRD study","volume":"57","author":"Kopple","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26970","article-title":"Subjective global assessment of nutritional status is strongly associated with mortality in chronic dialysis patients","volume":"89","author":"de Mutsert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.036418","article-title":"Management of protein-energy wasting in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: reconciling low protein intake with nutritional therapy","volume":"97","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.09.015","article-title":"Longitudinal weight Change during CKD progression and its association with Subsequent mortality","volume":"71","author":"Ku","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.08.013","article-title":"Associations between weight loss, kidney function decline, and risk of esrd in the chronic kidney disease in children (CKiD) cohort study","volume":"71","author":"Ku","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2012.718710","article-title":"Prevalence of protein-energy wasting and its various types in Iranian hemodialysis patients: a new classification","volume":"34","author":"Tabibi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-6386(95)90494-8","article-title":"Cross-sectional comparison of malnutrition in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients","volume":"26","author":"Cianciaruso","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V72198","article-title":"Adequacy of dialysis and nutrition in continuous peritoneal dialysis: association with clinical outcomes. Canada-USA (CANUSA) Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group","volume":"7","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2005.10.003","article-title":"Nutritional parameters and mortality in incident hemodialysis patients","volume":"16","author":"Araujo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.04.007","article-title":"Muscle atrophy, inflammation and clinical outcome in incident and prevalent dialysis patients","volume":"27","author":"Carrero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1261272","article-title":"Nutritional status over time in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis","volume":"12","author":"Jager","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.33922","article-title":"Improvement of nutritional status after initiation of maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"40","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00768.x","article-title":"Rise in serum albumin and creatinine in the first half year on hemodialysis","volume":"56","author":"Goldwasser","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.33923","article-title":"Improvement in nutritional parameters after initiation of chronic hemodialysis","volume":"40","author":"Pupim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012010047","article-title":"Frailty and protein-energy wasting in elderly patients with end stage kidney disease","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib35","series-title":"Causes and Prevention of Protein-Energy Wasting in Chronic Kidney Failure","author":"Dukkipati","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1159\/000381990","article-title":"The Gut as a source of inflammation in chronic kidney disease","volume":"130","author":"Lau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mco.0000172578.56396.9e","article-title":"Kidney insufficiency and nutrient-based modulation of inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Kalantar-Zadeh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00200.x","article-title":"IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-alpha: central factors in the altered cytokine network of uremia\u2013the good, the bad, and the ugly","volume":"67","author":"Stenvinkel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2010.00784.x","article-title":"Inflammation in end-stage renal disease\u2013what have we learned in 10 years?","volume":"23","author":"Carrero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001572","article-title":"Anorexia in hemodialysis patients: an update","volume":"70","author":"Bossola","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2008.10.004","article-title":"Identification of patients with eating disorders: clinical and biochemical signs of appetite loss in dialysis patients","volume":"19","author":"Carrero","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.08.021","article-title":"Longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of C-reactive protein, equilibrated normalized protein catabolic rate, and serum bicarbonate on creatinine and albumin levels in dialysis patients","volume":"42","author":"Kaysen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10454","article-title":"Expression of melanocortin 4 receptor mRNA in the central nervous system of the rat","volume":"457","author":"Kishi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1975.tb09374.x","article-title":"The effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on food intake and on the anorexic action of amphetamine and fenfluramine","volume":"27","author":"Blundell","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000182","article-title":"Leptin and inflammation-associated cachexia in chronic kidney disease","volume":"69","author":"Mak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2014.03.002","article-title":"Relation between anxiety, depression, and physical activity and performance in maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0019-5","article-title":"Wasting in chronic kidney disease","volume":"2","author":"Mak","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03500412","article-title":"Association between albuminuria, kidney function, and inflammatory biomarker profile in CKD in CRIC","volume":"7","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V75728","article-title":"Hypoalbuminemia, cardiac morbidity, and mortality in end-stage renal disease","volume":"7","author":"Foley","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S309","DOI":"10.1177\/089686089901902S52","article-title":"Malnutrition, cardiac disease, and mortality","volume":"19 Suppl 2","author":"Bergstrom","year":"1999","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh941","article-title":"Revisiting mortality predictability of serum albumin in the dialysis population: time dependency, longitudinal changes and population-attributable fraction","volume":"20","author":"Kalantar-Zadeh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1053\/jren.2000.7412","article-title":"Nutritional status and its relationship to quality of life in a sample of chronic hemodialysis patients","volume":"10","author":"Laws","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00773.x","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and mortality in a community-based cohort with mild renal insufficiency","volume":"56","author":"Culleton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib54","series-title":"Epidemiology of Dialysis Patients and Heart Failure Patients","author":"Kalantar-Zadeh","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2006.01.005","article-title":"Association of kidney function with mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease not yet on dialysis: a historical prospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.08.045","article-title":"Protein malnutrition and hypoalbuminemia as predictors of vascular events and mortality in ESRD","volume":"43","author":"Cooper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn167","article-title":"Excess mortality due to interaction between protein-energy wasting, inflammation and cardiovascular disease in chronic dialysis patients","volume":"23","author":"de Mutsert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2009.10.002","article-title":"Independent and joint associations of nutritional status indicators with mortality risk among chronic hemodialysis patients in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS)","volume":"20","author":"Lopes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12020","article-title":"Can treating persistent inflammation limit protein energy wasting?","volume":"26","author":"Stenvinkel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype","volume":"56","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/15.7.953","article-title":"Are there two types of malnutrition in chronic renal failure? Evidence for relationships between malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis (MIA syndrome)","volume":"15","author":"Stenvinkel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-010-0015-1","article-title":"Pathophysiology and treatment of inflammatory anorexia in chronic disease","volume":"1","author":"Braun","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9040416","article-title":"The association of ankle brachial index, protein-energy wasting, and inflammation status with cardiovascular mortality in patients on chronic hemodialysis","volume":"9","author":"Ishii","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R801","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00715.2003","article-title":"Effects of protein malnutrition on IL-6-mediated signaling in the liver and the systemic acute-phase response in rats","volume":"287","author":"Ling","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib65","first-page":"391","article-title":"Voluntary total fasting in political prisoners\u2013clinical and biochemical observations","volume":"83","author":"Kalk","year":"1993","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.61.715.395","article-title":"Increased plasma triglycerides, cholesterol and apolipoprotein E during prolonged fasting in normal subjects","volume":"61","author":"Markel","year":"1985","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib67","first-page":"215","article-title":"Effect of prolonged fasting on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoprotein B in 12 physicians participating in a hunger strike: an observational study","volume":"2","author":"Fainaru","year":"2000","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib68","series-title":"Experimental Starvation in Man. A Report from the Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene, University of Minnesota","author":"Keys","year":"1945"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib69","volume":"Vol. I-II","author":"Keys","year":"1950"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.03.022","article-title":"Deaths due to hunger strike: post-mortem findings","volume":"146","author":"Altun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198009253031305","article-title":"Cardiac arrhythmias associated with a liquid protein diet for the treatment of obesity","volume":"303","author":"Lantigua","year":"1980","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7112.829","article-title":"Hunger strikes","volume":"315","author":"Peel","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/51.4.558","article-title":"Energy supplementation and the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients","volume":"51","author":"Allman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/52.4.726","article-title":"Perdialytic parenteral nutrition with lipids and amino acids in malnourished hemodialysis patients","volume":"52","author":"Cano","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/6.12.948","article-title":"Effect of fish protein supplementation on aminoacid profile and nutritional status in haemodialysis patients","volume":"6","author":"Tietze","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.3.765","article-title":"Amino acid losses during hemodialysis with polyacrylonitrile membranes: effect of intradialytic amino acid supplementation on plasma amino acid concentrations and nutritional variables in nondiabetic patients","volume":"71","author":"Navarro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00112.x","article-title":"Randomized double-blind trial of oral essential amino acids for dialysis-associated hypoalbuminemia","volume":"57","author":"Eustace","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.9.1856","article-title":"Oral supplementation of branched-chain amino acid improves nutritional status in elderly patients on chronic haemodialysis","volume":"16","author":"Hiroshige","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1053\/jren.2002.35300","article-title":"A controlled trial of intermittent enteral nutrient supplementation in maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"12","author":"Sharma","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080302300506","article-title":"Effect of polymeric diets in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis","volume":"23","author":"Aguirre Galindo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2004.04.003","article-title":"Nutrition counseling impacts serum albumin levels","volume":"14","author":"Akpele","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/089686080502500212","article-title":"Randomized, open label, controlled clinical trial of oral administration of an egg albumin-based protein supplement to patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis","volume":"25","author":"Gonzalez-Espinoza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.03.046","article-title":"Improving albumin levels among hemodialysis patients: a community-based randomized controlled trial","volume":"48","author":"Leon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl169","article-title":"Positive effect of dietary soy in ESRD patients with systemic inflammation\u2013correlation between blood levels of the soy isoflavones and the acute-phase reactants","volume":"21","author":"Fanti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007020184","article-title":"Intradialytic parenteral nutrition does not improve survival in malnourished hemodialysis patients: a 2-year multicenter, prospective, randomized study","volume":"18","author":"Cano","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn131","article-title":"Use of a renal-specific oral supplement by haemodialysis patients with low protein intake does not increase the need for phosphate binders and may prevent a decline in nutritional status and quality of life","volume":"23","author":"Fouque","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.05.002","article-title":"The impact of nutrition intervention on quality of life in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"27","author":"Campbell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2009.01.029","article-title":"Effects of protein supplementation in chronic hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"19","author":"Moretti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2010.536289","article-title":"A novel amino acids oral supplementation in hemodialysis patients: a pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Bolasco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07640711","article-title":"Acute effects of very-low-protein diet on FGF23 levels: a randomized study","volume":"7","author":"Di Iorio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib91","first-page":"1233","article-title":"Effect of high-protein meals during hemodialysis combined with lanthanum carbonate in hypoalbuminemic dialysis patients: findings from the FrEDI randomized controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Rhee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)81060-2","article-title":"The association of intradialytic parenteral nutrition administration with survival in hemodialysis patients","volume":"24","author":"Chertow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80134-X","article-title":"Effect of intradialytic parenteral nutrition on mortality rates in end-stage renal disease care","volume":"23","author":"Capelli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1995.164","article-title":"Treatment of malnourished CAPD patients with an amino acid based dialysate","volume":"47","author":"Kopple","year":"1995","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-2276(01)79890-1","article-title":"Can a nutrition intervention improve albumin levels among hemodialysis patients? A pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Leon","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00530.x","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of oral nutritional supplementation during hemodialysis","volume":"62","author":"Caglar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2008.08.004","article-title":"Effects of peridialytic oral supplements on nutritional status and quality of life in chronic hemodialysis patients","volume":"19","author":"Scott","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib98","series-title":"Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQL-SF\u2122)","author":"Hays","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.04.019","article-title":"Outcomes associated with intradialytic oral nutritional supplements in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: a quality improvement report","volume":"60","author":"Lacson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.08.007","article-title":"Oral intradialytic nutritional supplement use and mortality in hemodialysis patients","volume":"63","author":"Weiner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.147","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of protein energy wasting in chronic kidney disease patients: a consensus statement by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"84","author":"Ikizler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008111205","article-title":"Bicarbonate supplementation slows progression of CKD and improves nutritional status","volume":"20","author":"de Brito-Ashurst","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrn.2005.04.004","article-title":"An anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutritional supplement for hypoalbuminemic hemodialysis patients: a pilot\/feasibility study","volume":"15","author":"Kalantar-Zadeh","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.07.031","article-title":"Associates of mortality and hospitalization in hemodialysis: potentially actionable laboratory variables and vascular access","volume":"53","author":"Lacson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Renal Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1051227618300803?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1051227618300803?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]],"date-time":"2022-08-28T03:05:37Z","timestamp":1661655937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1051227618300803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1051227618300803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-2276"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-2276","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Is it Important to Prevent and Treat Protein-Energy Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease and Chronic Dialysis Patients?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Renal Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2018.04.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}