{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:22:07Z","timestamp":1790878927160,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004954","name":"Augustinus Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004954","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jrnjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Renal Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T02:39:59Z","timestamp":1664764799000},"page":"412-419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The New Nordic Renal Diet Induces a Pronounced Reduction of Urine Acid Excretion and Uremic Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients (Stage 3 and 4)"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6009-5617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikita Misella","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5216-2891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peder","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Rix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manan","family":"Pareek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6719-7034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Leipziger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Lise","family":"Kamper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8968-8996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arne","family":"Astrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mads","family":"Vaarby Sorensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Salomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898001100351X","article-title":"Guidelines for the new Nordic diet","volume":"15","author":"Mithril","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1700312","article-title":"Nutritional management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"377","author":"Kalantar-Zadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10040512","article-title":"Dietary treatment of metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease","volume":"10","author":"Siener","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-139x.2000.00062.x","article-title":"Influence of diet on acid-base balance","volume":"13","author":"Remer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07400715","article-title":"Acid-base homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Hamm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016101151","article-title":"Urine ammonium predicts clinical outcomes in hypertensive kidney disease","volume":"28","author":"Raphael","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.08.028","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis of CKD: an update","volume":"67","author":"Kraut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2019070677","article-title":"Mechanisms of metabolic acidosis-induced kidney injury in chronic kidney disease","volume":"31","author":"Wesson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008111205","article-title":"Bicarbonate supplementation slows progression of CKD and improves nutritional status","volume":"20","author":"de Brito-Ashurst","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib10","first-page":"121","article-title":"Correction of metabolic acidosis improves muscle mass and renal function in chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Dubey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.83","article-title":"Treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease with fruits and vegetables or oral bicarbonate reduces urine angiotensinogen and preserves glomerular filtration rate","volume":"86","author":"Goraya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31388-1","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of veverimer in patients with metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease: a multicentre, randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled, 40-week extension","volume":"394","author":"Wesson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32562-5","article-title":"Veverimer versus placebo in patients with metabolic acidosis associated with chronic kidney disease: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"393","author":"Wesson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.66","article-title":"Chapter 3: Management of progression and complications of CKD","volume":"3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl (2011)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.12491211","article-title":"The production of p-cresol sulfate and indoxyl sulfate in vegetarians versus omnivores","volume":"7","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00314.x","article-title":"Evidence for impaired assimilation of protein in chronic renal failure","volume":"64","author":"Bammens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib17","first-page":"167","article-title":"Organic acids and the uremic syndrome: protein metabolite hypothesis in the progression of chronic renal failure","volume":"16","author":"Niwa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.12691117","article-title":"Microbiome and cardiovascular disease in CKD","volume":"13","author":"Jovanovich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy366","article-title":"Short-term effect of the New Nordic Renal Diet on phosphorus homoeostasis in chronic kidney disease Stages 3 and 4","volume":"34","author":"Salomo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e045754","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-045754","article-title":"Study protocol: long-term effect of the New Nordic Renal Diet on phosphorus and lipid homeostasis in patients with chronic kidney disease, stages 3 and 4: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Hansen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-017-1997-8","article-title":"Measurement of total CO2 in microliter samples of urine and other biological fluids using infrared detection of CO2","volume":"469","author":"Trepiccione","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13591","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13591","article-title":"Impaired renal HCO3\u2212 secretion in CFTR deficient mice causes metabolic alkalosis during chronic base-loading","volume":"231","author":"Berg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(72)80014-6","article-title":"The rapid determination of urinary titratable acid and ammonium and evaluation of freezing as a method of preservation","volume":"5","author":"Chan","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)32570-6","article-title":"The metabolic production and disposal of acid and alkali","volume":"54","author":"Harrington","year":"1970","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1983.210","article-title":"Effect of diet on plasma acid-base composition in normal humans","volume":"24","author":"Kurtz","year":"1983","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00060505","article-title":"Effect of dietary protein intake on serum total CO2 concentration in chronic kidney disease: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study findings","volume":"1","author":"Gennari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2012.01.026","article-title":"Plant protein intake is associated with fibroblast growth factor 23 and serum bicarbonate levels in patients with chronic kidney disease: the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Scialla","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.02.014","article-title":"Serum bicarbonate levels and the progression of kidney disease: a cohort study","volume":"54","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-019-00656-5","article-title":"Treatment of metabolic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate delays progression of chronic kidney disease: the UBI Study","volume":"32","author":"Di Iorio","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2019030287","article-title":"A randomized trial comparing the safety, adherence, and pharmacodynamics profiles of two doses of sodium bicarbonate in CKD: the BASE pilot trial","volume":"31","author":"Raphael","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08340812","article-title":"Effects of oral sodium bicarbonate in patients with CKD","volume":"8","author":"Abramowitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.09.004","article-title":"Tolerance to sodium in patients with CKD-induced metabolic acidosis: does the accompanying anion matter?","volume":"73","author":"Bushinsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.402","article-title":"Uremic toxins originating from colonic microbial metabolism","author":"Evenepoel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9020052","article-title":"p-Cresyl Sulfate","volume":"9","author":"Gryp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20171107","article-title":"Altered microbiome in chronic kidney disease: systemic effects of gut-derived uremic toxins","volume":"132","author":"Lau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.448","article-title":"p-Cresyl sulfate causes renal tubular cell damage by inducing oxidative stress by activation of NADPH oxidase","volume":"83","author":"Watanabe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1159\/000330852","article-title":"Indoxyl sulfate induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in rat kidneys and human proximal tubular cells","volume":"34","author":"Bolati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00216","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00216-18","article-title":"The dimension of time in host-microbiome interactions","volume":"4","author":"Uhr","year":"2019","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","article-title":"Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome","volume":"505","author":"David","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9050489","article-title":"Nutrients turned into toxins: microbiota modulation of nutrient properties in chronic kidney disease","volume":"9","author":"Fernandez-Prado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017040422","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis and subclinical metabolic acidosis in CKD","volume":"29","author":"Raphael","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Renal Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1051227622001716?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1051227622001716?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T06:37:17Z","timestamp":1760942237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1051227622001716"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1051227622001716"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-2276"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-2276","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The New Nordic Renal Diet Induces a Pronounced Reduction of Urine Acid Excretion and Uremic Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients (Stage 3 and 4)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Renal Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2022.09.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}