{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:17:42Z","timestamp":1761005862633,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jcardioanesthesia.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,2]],"date-time":"2011-10-02T07:41:10Z","timestamp":1317541270000},"page":"880-884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Integrating Outcome Benefit Into Anesthetic Design: The Promise of Steroids and Statins"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"John G.T.","family":"Augoustides","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib1","series-title":"Anaesthesia for Patients With Endocrine Disease","first-page":"204","article-title":"Hormones as pharmaceutical agents: Focus on steroids and vasopressin","author":"Augoustides","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2009.02.005","article-title":"Recent advances in perioperative medicine: Highlights from the literature for the cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesiologist","volume":"23","author":"Augoustides","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn333","article-title":"Clinical benefit of steroid use in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: A meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"29","author":"Whitlock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.848218","article-title":"Benefits and risks of corticosteroid prophylaxis in adult cardiac surgery: A dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"119","author":"Ho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2010.03.015","article-title":"Protective effects of steroids in cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"25","author":"Cappablanca","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005550.pub2","article-title":"Prophylactic steroids for paediatric open heart surgery","volume":"4","author":"Robertson-Malt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.948737","article-title":"Corticosteroids and outcome of children undergoing congenital heart surgery: Analysis of the Pediatric Health Information Systems database","volume":"122","author":"Pasquali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.11.005","article-title":"Improved outcomes associated with intraoperative steroid use in high-risk pediatric cardiac surgery","volume":"91","author":"Clarizia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31817603ba","article-title":"Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid insufficiency in critically ill adult patients: Consensus statements from an international task force by the American College of Critical Care Medicine","volume":"36","author":"Marik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2008.185504","article-title":"Is steroid therapy ever of benefit in the intensive care unit going into septic shock?","volume":"7","author":"Richardson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib11","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia is an important risk factor for mortality after major cardiac surgery","author":"Tamayo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R102","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9044","article-title":"Global utilization of low-dose corticosteroids in severe sepsis and septic shock: A report from the PROGRESS registry","volume":"14","author":"Beale","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1M664","article-title":"Controversies surrounding the use of etomidate for rapid sequence intubation in patients with suspected sepsis","volume":"44","author":"Edwin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hohl CM, Kelly-Smith CH, Yeung TC, et al: The effect of a bolus dose of etomidate on cortisol levels, mortality and health services utilization: A systematic review. Ann Emerg Med 56:105-113, 2101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2010.01.030"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2160-1","article-title":"The effect of etomidate on adrenal function in critical illness: A systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Albert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60949-1","article-title":"Etomidate versus ketamine for rapid sequence intubation in acutely ill patients: A multicenter randomised controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Jabre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2010.05.034","article-title":"A comparison of etomidate and midazolam on hospital length of stay in patients with suspected sepsis: A prospective randomized study","volume":"56","author":"Tekwani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2010562","article-title":"A comparison of methohexital versus etomidate for endotracheal intubation of critically ill patients","volume":"19","author":"Diaz-Guzman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0790","article-title":"Outcomes of etomidate in severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"138","author":"Dmello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181ae63d1","article-title":"Methoxycarbonyl-etomidate: A novel rapidly metabolized and ultra-short-acting etomidate analogue that does not produce prolonged adrenocortical suppression","volume":"111","author":"Cotton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181cf40ed","article-title":"Carboetomidate: A pyrrole analog of etomidate designed not to suppress adrenocortical function","volume":"112","author":"Cotton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181ff72b5","article-title":"Clinical and molecular pharmacology of etomidate","volume":"114","author":"Forman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq190","article-title":"New drugs and technologies: Intravenous anesthesia is on the move again","volume":"105","author":"Sneyd","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2010.06.015","article-title":"Progress in perioperative medicine: Focus on statins","volume":"24","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn198","article-title":"Impact of preoperative statin therapy on adverse postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis of over 30,000 patients","volume":"29","author":"Liakopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.02.045","article-title":"Preoperative statin therapy reduces postoperative all-cause mortality in cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis of controlled studies","volume":"137","author":"Takagi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2009.03.054","article-title":"Statins for prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: A systematic literature review","volume":"138","author":"Liakopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.09.063","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic effect of statin therapy and atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"51","author":"Fauchier","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.12.001","article-title":"Effect of preoperative statin therapy on patients undergoing isolated and combined valvular surgery","volume":"89","author":"Borger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2010.03.017","article-title":"Preoperative statin treatment is associated with reduced postoperative mortality after isolated cardiac valve surgery in high-risk patients","volume":"24","author":"Allou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.01.064","article-title":"Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme-a reductase inhibitors delay the progression of rheumatic aortic valve stenosis: A long-term echocardiographic study","volume":"53","author":"Antonini-Cantrerin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.891598","article-title":"Effect of hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme-a reductase inhibitors on the long term progression of rheumatic mitral valve disease","volume":"121","author":"Antonini-Canterin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib33","first-page":"14","article-title":"Medical therapy for rheumatic heart disease: Is it time to be proactive rather than reactive?","volume":"61","author":"Rajamannan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318190b4d9","article-title":"Preoperative use of statins is associated with reduced early delirium rates after cardiac surgery","volume":"110","author":"Katznelson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2005.03.004","article-title":"Preoperative statin therapy does not reduce cognitive dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"19","author":"Mathew","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c677f6","article-title":"Statin use and neurologic morbidity after coronary artery bypass grafting: A cohort study","volume":"73","author":"Koenig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.11.036","article-title":"Statin in combination with beta-blocker therapy reduces postoperative stroke after coronary artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"91","author":"Bouchard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.03.071","article-title":"Renoprotective effect of preoperative statins in coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"100","author":"Tabata","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2008.11.005","article-title":"Preoperative statin administration is associated with lower mortality and decreased need for postoperative hemodialysis in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"23","author":"Huffmyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181d8a078","article-title":"Preoperative statin therapy is not associated with a reduced incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery","volume":"111","author":"Argalious","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.10.061","article-title":"Dose-dependent effects of statins on the incidence of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery","volume":"91","author":"Mithani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808207","article-title":"Fluvastatin and perioperative events in patients undergoing vascular surgery","volume":"361","author":"Schouten","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3867","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn381","article-title":"Statin use is associated with early recovery of kidney injury after vascular surgery and improved long-term outcome","volume":"23","author":"Welten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010050442","article-title":"Statin use associated with a lower incidence of acute kidney injury after major elective surgery","volume":"22","author":"Molnar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e328334c017","volume":"27","author":"Poldermans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem406","article-title":"Statins and sepsis","volume":"100","author":"Gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.286","article-title":"Statins for the prevention and treatment of infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"169","author":"Tieyjeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2010.02.013","article-title":"The effect of statins on mortality from severe infections and sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Janda","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10702","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010702","article-title":"Statin treatment and mortality in bacterial infections\u2014A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Bjorkhem-Beergman","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02381.x","article-title":"Mortality reduction in cardiac anesthesia and intensive care: Results of the first International Consensus Conference","volume":"55","author":"Landoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053077011004654?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053077011004654?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T07:37:43Z","timestamp":1760945863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053077011004654"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1053077011004654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-0770"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1053-0770"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Integrating Outcome Benefit Into Anesthetic Design: The Promise of Steroids and Statins","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.06.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}