{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T16:06:03Z","timestamp":1780329963935,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jcardioanesthesia.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,4]],"date-time":"2012-04-04T09:30:25Z","timestamp":1333531825000},"page":"822-828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effect of Long-Term Thoracic Epidural Analgesia on Refractory Angina Pectoris: A 10-Year Experience"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Arina","family":"Richter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingemar","family":"Cederholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Fredrikson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Mucchiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Tr\u00e4ff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitta","family":"Janerot-Sjoberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.4065\/79.10.1284","article-title":"Current and future treatment strategies for refractory angina","volume":"79","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.2706","article-title":"The problem of chronic refractory angina: Report from the ESC joint Study Group on the Treatment of Refractory Angina","volume":"23","author":"Mannheimer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.115786","article-title":"Clinical outcome of a cohort of patients eligible for therapeutic angiogenesis or transmyocardial revascularization","volume":"142","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am H J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hco.0000240588.22086.43","article-title":"Current strategies for the prevention of angina in patients with stable coronary artery disease","volume":"21","author":"Bhatt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.09.538","article-title":"Fatality, morbidity and quality of life in patients with refractory angina pectoris","volume":"147","author":"Andr\u00e9ll","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.71.2.308","article-title":"The effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in patients with severe angina pectoris","volume":"71","author":"Mannheimer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.59.1.56","article-title":"Epidural spinal electrical stimulation in severe angina pectoris","volume":"59","author":"Mannheimer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90065-9","article-title":"Endoscopic transthoracic sympaticotomi for severe angina","volume":"345","author":"Wettervik","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib9","author":"Pettersson"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a059865","article-title":"Effect of acupuncture in patients with angina pectoris","volume":"12","author":"Richter","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198911000-00002","article-title":"Thoracic epidural anesthesia and central hemodynamics in patients with unstable angina","volume":"69","author":"Blomberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199409000-00004","article-title":"Long-term home self-treatment with high thoracic epidural anesthesia in patients with severe coronary artery disease","volume":"79","author":"Blomberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(97)70166-2","article-title":"Treatment of medically and surgically refractory angina pectoris with high thoracic epidural analgesia","volume":"133","author":"Gramling-Babb","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.7.2178","article-title":"Anti-ischemic and anti-anginal effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia versus those of conventional medical therapy in the treatment of severe refractory unstable angina pectoris","volume":"96","author":"Olausson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a059507","article-title":"Thoracic epidural anesthesia in patients with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"10","author":"Blomberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199011000-00008","article-title":"Effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia on coronary arteries and arterioles in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"73","author":"Blomberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000163551.33812.1A","article-title":"Effects of high thoracic epidural analgesia on myocardial blood flow in patients with ischemic heart disease","volume":"111","author":"Nyg\u00e5rd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1053\/jcan.2002.128419","article-title":"Effect of thoracic epidural analgesia on refractory angina pectoris: Long-term home self-treatment","volume":"16","author":"Richter","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.54.3.947585","article-title":"Grading of angina pectoris","volume":"54","author":"Campeau","year":"1976","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008973731515","article-title":"Sample size calculations in studies using the EuroQol 5D","volume":"8","author":"Roset","year":"1999","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2008.01834.x","article-title":"Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 deficiency","volume":"14","author":"Mehta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1983.63.1.1","article-title":"Coronary physiology","volume":"63","author":"Feigl","year":"1983","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.81.1.1","article-title":"Alfa-adrenergic mechanism in myocardial ischemia","volume":"81","author":"Heusch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.45.6.708","article-title":"Canine myocardial adenosine and lactate production, oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow during stellate ganglia stimulation","volume":"45","author":"Miller","year":"1979","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.6.689","article-title":"Alfa-adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction and myocardial ischemia in humans","volume":"101","author":"Heusch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199012000-00009","article-title":"Thoracic epidural anesthesia improves global and regional left ventricular function during stress-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"71","author":"Kock","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"suppl 53","key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib27","first-page":"37","article-title":"Long-term home self-treatment with thoracic epidural analgesia in refractory angina: Effects on angina, quality of life and exercise test","volume":"39","author":"Richter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand Cardiovasc J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.01939.x","article-title":"High thoracic epidural analgesia improves left ventricular function in patients with ischemic heart","volume":"53","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.01956.x","article-title":"Does thoracic epidural analgesia improve systolic and diastolic functions by improved myocardial oxygenation in patients with coronary artery disease?","volume":"53","author":"Ricksten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib30","unstructured":"DeJongste MJL. Defining the problem of intractable angina. Paper presented at The Third International Congress of the International Neuromodulation Society and First Scientific Meeting of the American Neuromodulation Society, Orlando, FL, 1996"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib31","first-page":"83","article-title":"Thoracic epidural anaesthesia for treatment of refractory angina pectoris","volume":"13","author":"Blomberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib32","first-page":"354","article-title":"Percutaneous transmyocardial laser revascularization: An overview","volume":"47","author":"Kornowski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03203-7","article-title":"Percutaneous transmyocardial laser revascularization for severe angina: The PACIFIC randomised trial","volume":"356","author":"Oesterle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.06.079","article-title":"A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of percutaneous laser myocardial revascularization to improve angina symptoms in patients with severe coronary disease","volume":"46","author":"Leon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib35","first-page":"38","article-title":"Consideration in evaluating new antianginal drugs","volume":"65","author":"Parisi","year":"1982","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.02.013","article-title":"Longevity of the placebo effect in the therapeutic angiogenesis and laser myocardial revascularization trials in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"95","author":"Rana","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053077012000493?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053077012000493?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T07:39:52Z","timestamp":1760945992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053077012000493"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1053077012000493"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-0770"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-0770","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of Long-Term Thoracic Epidural Analgesia on Refractory Angina Pectoris: A 10-Year Experience","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.01.047","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}