{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:00:25Z","timestamp":1790784025579,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":268,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jcardioanesthesia.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T01:55:36Z","timestamp":1571190936000},"page":"1023-1041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Adrenergic Downregulation in Critical Care: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Belletti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Landoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir V.","family":"Lomivorotov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Oriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Ajello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4249-z","article-title":"Catecholamines for inflammatory shock: a Jekyll-and-Hyde conundrum","volume":"42","author":"Andreis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066609340519","article-title":"Sympathetic overstimulation during critical illness: adverse effects of adrenergic stress","volume":"24","author":"D\u00fcnser","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8153","article-title":"Clinical review: practical recommendations on the management of perioperative heart failure in cardiac surgery","volume":"14","author":"Mebazaa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4683-6","article-title":"Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016","volume":"43","author":"Rhodes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128","volume":"37","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248414559838","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy update on the use of vasopressors and inotropes in the intensive care unit","volume":"20","author":"Jentzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2102-1","article-title":"Definitions and pathophysiology of vasoplegic shock","volume":"22","author":"Lambden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2017.10.032","article-title":"Vasoplegia After Cardiovascular Procedures-Pathophysiology and Targeted Therapy","volume":"32","author":"Shaefi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560020802","article-title":"Structure, function, and regulation of adrenergic receptors","volume":"2","author":"Strosberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01495-9","article-title":"Vascular adrenoceptors: an update","volume":"53","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.300308","article-title":"Adrenergic nervous system in heart failure: pathophysiology and therapy","volume":"113","author":"Lymperopoulos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/415206a","article-title":"Seven-transmembrane-spanning receptors and heart function","volume":"415","author":"Rockman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01588.x","article-title":"Use of inotropes and vasopressor agents in critically ill patients","volume":"165","author":"Bangash","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.728840","article-title":"Inotropes and vasopressors: review of physiology and clinical use in cardiovascular disease","volume":"118","author":"Overgaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(93)90030-H","article-title":"Beta-adrenoceptors in cardiac disease","volume":"60","author":"Brodde","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10024","article-title":"Adrenergic regulation of cardiac myocyte apoptosis","volume":"189","author":"Singh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00058.2016","article-title":"Effects of commonly used inotropes on myocardial function and oxygen consumption under constant ventricular loading conditions","volume":"121","author":"DeWitt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2005.20.5.732","article-title":"Effects of inotropic drugs on mechanical function and oxygen balance in postischemic canine myocardium: comparison of dobutamine, epinephrine, amrinone, and calcium chloride","volume":"20","author":"Yoo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0019","first-page":"I103","article-title":"Dobutamine and dopamine after cardiac surgery: greater augmentation of myocardial blood flow with dobutamine","volume":"70","author":"Fowler","year":"1984","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"Spec No 1","key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0020","first-page":"298","article-title":"Left ventricular geometry, myocardial function and energetics of the dilated left ventricle. Influence of vasodilators and positive inotropic substances","volume":"16","author":"Holubarsch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1013790","article-title":"The efficacy of amrinone or adrenaline on low cardiac output following cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing preoperative beta-blockade","volume":"43","author":"G\u00fcnnicker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2531-2","article-title":"Adverse cardiac events during catecholamine vasopressor therapy: a prospective observational study","volume":"38","author":"Schmittinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61344-0","article-title":"Norepinephrine plus dobutamine versus epinephrine alone for management of septic shock: a randomised trial","volume":"370","author":"Annane","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907118","article-title":"Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock","volume":"362","author":"De Backer","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067373","article-title":"Vasopressin versus norepinephrine infusion in patients with septic shock","volume":"358","author":"Russell","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.027121","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Takotsubo Syndrome","volume":"135","author":"Pelliccia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.793","article-title":"Toxicology update: the cardiotoxicity of the oxidative stress metabolites of catecholamines (aminochromes)","volume":"21","author":"Behonick","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw035","article-title":"Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and neurogenic stunned myocardium: similar albeit different","volume":"37","author":"Ancona","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1159\/000431155","article-title":"Plasma Catecholamine Profile of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients with Neurogenic Cardiomyopathy","volume":"5","author":"Moussouttas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis Extra"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066613511054","article-title":"Neurogenic Stunned Myocardium Following Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Pathophysiology and Practical Considerations","volume":"30","author":"Murthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.543","article-title":"Pheochromocytoma Is Characterized by Catecholamine-Mediated Myocarditis, Focal and Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis, and Myocardial Dysfunction","volume":"67","author":"Ferreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-016-0219-4","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pheochromocytoma-induced cardiogenic shock","volume":"6","author":"Hekimian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12731","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31034-z","article-title":"Alteration of \u03b2-Adrenoceptor Signaling in Left Ventricle of Acute Phase Takotsubo Syndrome: a Human Study","volume":"8","author":"Nakano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0b013e3282294d72","article-title":"Reversal of cardiac remodeling by modulation of adrenergic receptors: a new frontier in heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Perrino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2006.05.017","article-title":"Effect of alpha1-adrenergic receptors in cardiac pathophysiology","volume":"152","author":"Shannon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.112.007203","article-title":"Cardiac alpha1-adrenergic receptors: novel aspects of expression, signaling mechanisms, physiologic function, and clinical importance","volume":"66","author":"O'Connell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI22811","article-title":"Alpha1-adrenergic receptors prevent a maladaptive cardiac response to pressure overload","volume":"116","author":"O'Connell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01478-9","article-title":"Evolving concepts in G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis: the role in receptor desensitization and signaling","volume":"53","author":"Ferguson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3684","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.10.21.18042","article-title":"Regulation of \u03b2-adrenergic receptor function: an emphasis on receptor resensitization","volume":"10","author":"Vasudevan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0040","article-title":"G-protein coupled receptor resensitization-appreciating the balancing act of receptor function","author":"Mohan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(80)90387-3","article-title":"Tolerance to dobutamine after a 72 hour continuous infusion","volume":"69","author":"Unverferth","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.5.1494","article-title":"Desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors by beta-adrenergic agonists in a cell-free system: resensitization by guanosine 5\u2032-(beta, gamma-imino)triphosphate and other purine nucleotides","volume":"73","author":"Mukherjee","year":"1976","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)32889-2","article-title":"Agonist-specific refractoriness induced by isoproterenol. Studies with mutant cells","volume":"251","author":"Shear","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1975.228.5.1423","article-title":"Calcium and angiotensin tachyphylaxis in rat uterine smooth muscle","volume":"228","author":"Freer","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)30541-0","article-title":"Further studies on angiotensin tachyphylaxis","volume":"197","author":"Moore","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1236","article-title":"Advanced heart failure: a position statement of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"20","author":"Crespo-Leiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12248","article-title":"Effects of intravenous home dobutamine in palliative end-stage heart failure on quality of life, heart failure hospitalization, and cost expenditure","volume":"5","author":"Martens","year":"2018","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109735","article-title":"Biphasic adrenergic modulation of beta-adrenergic receptors in man. Agonist-induced early increment and late decrement in beta-adrenergic receptor number","volume":"65","author":"Tohmeh","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0049","first-page":"E191","article-title":"Catecholamines increase lymphocyte beta 2-adrenergic receptors via a beta 2-adrenergic, spleen-dependent process","volume":"258","author":"Van Tits","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1983.sp014927","article-title":"Beta-adrenoceptor adaptation to acute exercise","volume":"344","author":"Butler","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1977223352","article-title":"Leukocyte cyclic adenosine monophosphate in asthmatic children. Effects of adrenergic therapy","volume":"22","author":"Morris","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)90304-X","article-title":"Beta-adrenergic agonist resistance in normal human airways","volume":"2","author":"Holgate","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.13.1.64","article-title":"Influence of Respiratory Acidosis on Circulatory Effect of Epinephrine in Dogs","volume":"13","author":"Bendixen","year":"1963","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0054","first-page":"275","article-title":"Effect of metabolic acidosis on cardiac output and pressor responses to epinephrine","volume":"6","author":"Keith","year":"1960","journal-title":"Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.33.1.18","article-title":"Depressed response to intravenous sympathicomimetic agents in humans during acidosis","volume":"33","author":"Campbell Houle","year":"1958","journal-title":"Dis Chest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00503820","article-title":"Influence of acid-base alterations on myocardial sensitivity to catecholamines","volume":"317","author":"Camili\u00f3n de Hurtado","year":"1981","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1972.82","article-title":"Acidosis induced by catecholamines and reduction of cardiovascular responses to catecholamines in acidosis","volume":"50","author":"Atkinson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-59-3-398","article-title":"Rapid desensitization and uncoupling of human beta-adrenergic receptors in an in vitro model of lactic acidosis","volume":"59","author":"Davies","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R153","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11468","article-title":"Mild metabolic acidosis impairs the \u03b2-adrenergic response in isolated human failing myocardium","volume":"16","author":"Schotola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196709000-00003","article-title":"Acidosis, catecholamines and cardiovascular dynamics: when does acidosis require correction?","volume":"166","author":"Andersen","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1968.215.5.1123","article-title":"Influence of lactic acidosis on cardiovascular response to sympathomimetic amines","volume":"215","author":"Ford","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0062","first-page":"147","article-title":"The effect of acidosis and alkalosis on response to vasopressor and vasodilator drugs","volume":"9","author":"Chaffee","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-7-492","article-title":"Bicarbonate does not improve hemodynamics in critically ill patients who have lactic acidosis. A prospective, controlled clinical study","volume":"112","author":"Cooper","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199111000-00008","article-title":"Effects of bicarbonate therapy on hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation in patients with lactic acidosis: a prospective, controlled clinical study","volume":"19","author":"Mathieu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.02.027","article-title":"Sodium bicarbonate therapy for critically ill patients with metabolic acidosis: A scoping and a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Fujii","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.05.015","article-title":"The sympathetic nervous system in heart failure physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications","volume":"54","author":"Triposkiadis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.500546","article-title":"Mechanisms and models in heart failure: the biomechanical model and beyond","volume":"111","author":"Mann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06798","article-title":"Tackling heart failure in the twenty-first century","volume":"451","author":"Mudd","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"SI8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)90311-7","article-title":"Why does the myocardium fail? Insights from basic science","volume":"352","author":"Bristow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198207223070401","article-title":"Decreased catecholamine sensitivity and beta-adrenergic-receptor density in failing human hearts","volume":"307","author":"Bristow","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.966895","article-title":"Targeting the \u03b2-adrenergic receptor system through G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2: a new paradigm for therapy and prognostic evaluation in heart failure: from bench to bedside","volume":"5","author":"Rengo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7761854","article-title":"Cardiac function in mice overexpressing the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase or a beta ARK inhibitor","volume":"268","author":"Koch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.6.648","article-title":"In vivo inhibition of elevated myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor kinase activity in hybrid transgenic mice restores normal beta-adrenergic signaling and function","volume":"100","author":"Akhter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000247932.71270.2c","article-title":"Cardiac-specific ablation of G-protein receptor kinase 2 redefines its roles in heart development and beta-adrenergic signaling","volume":"99","author":"Matkovich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7000","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.7000","article-title":"Expression of a beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 inhibitor prevents the development of myocardial failure in gene-targeted mice","volume":"95","author":"Rockman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.803999","article-title":"Myocardial adeno-associated virus serotype 6-betaARKct gene therapy improves cardiac function and normalizes the neurohormonal axis in chronic heart failure","volume":"119","author":"Rengo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr447","article-title":"AAV6.\u03b2ARKct cardiac gene therapy ameliorates cardiac function and normalizes the catecholaminergic axis in a clinically relevant large animal heart failure model","volume":"34","author":"Raake","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(03)00058-8","article-title":"Myocardial beta-1 adrenoceptor down-regulation in aging and heart failure: implications for beta-blocker use in older adults with heart failure","volume":"5","author":"Ahmed","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199111213252103","article-title":"Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure. The PROMISE Study Research Group","volume":"325","author":"Packer","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.79.3.483","article-title":"Increased beta-receptor density and improved hemodynamic response to catecholamine stimulation during long-term metoprolol therapy in heart failure from dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"79","author":"Heilbrunn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0081","first-page":"e86","article-title":"Mechanisms of the beneficial effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in congestive heart failure","volume":"15","author":"Rehsia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.4.1610","article-title":"Why do patients with congestive heart failure tolerate the initiation of beta-blocker therapy?","volume":"88","author":"Haber","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.2.473","article-title":"Effect of beta-adrenergic blockade on myocardial function and energetics in congestive heart failure. Improvements in hemodynamic, contractile, and diastolic performance with bucindolol","volume":"82","author":"Eichhorn","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00504-5","article-title":"Hemodynamic comparison of twice daily metoprolol tartrate with once daily metoprolol succinate in congestive heart failure","volume":"35","author":"Kukin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0085","first-page":"221","article-title":"[Novel concepts in beta-adrenergic receptor signaling: therapeutic options for heart failure]","volume":"11","author":"Schiattarella","year":"2010","journal-title":"G Ital Cardiol (Rome)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.09.004","article-title":"Recovery of failing hearts by mechanical unloading: Pathophysiologic insights and clinical relevance","volume":"206","author":"Dandel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0087","first-page":"II23","article-title":"Adrenergic receptors and sensitization of adenylyl cyclase in acute myocardial ischemia","volume":"82","author":"Strasser","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0088","first-page":"195","article-title":"Beta-adrenergic receptors and catecholamines in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"21","author":"Witkowska","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mater Med Pol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0089","first-page":"169","article-title":"Sympatho-adrenergic activation of the ischemic myocardium and its arrhythmogenic impact","volume":"20","author":"Sch\u00f6mig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra002709","article-title":"The pathogenesis of vasodilatory shock","volume":"345","author":"Landry","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3109\/17482941.2010.523705","article-title":"Cardiogenic shock: the role of inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Shpektor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acute Card Care"},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0092","article-title":"A prospective randomized trial of arginine vasopressin in the treatment of vasodilatory shock after left ventricular assist device placement","volume":"96","author":"Argenziano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199906000-00033","article-title":"Low systemic vascular resistance state in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"27","author":"Kristof","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)36916-2","article-title":"Mechanism of down-regulation of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtypes","volume":"282","author":"Heck","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.2002.6524","article-title":"G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2 is altered during septic shock in rats","volume":"108","author":"Kadoi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3181cdc50f","article-title":"M1 protein from Streptococcus pyogenes induces nitric oxide-mediated vascular hyporesponsiveness to phenylephrine: involvement of toll-like receptor activation","volume":"34","author":"Sigurdardottir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3181994752","article-title":"Inhibition of NF-kappaB activity prevents downregulation of alpha1-adrenergic receptors and circulatory failure during CLP-induced sepsis","volume":"32","author":"Schmidt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0098","first-page":"185","article-title":"Hepatic alpha 1-adrenergic receptor alteration in a rat model of chronic sepsis","volume":"19","author":"McMillan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Circ Shock"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-199901000-00006","article-title":"Alterations of G-protein and adenylate cyclase signaling in rat liver during the progression of sepsis","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000055816.40894.cd","article-title":"G protein and adenylate cyclase complex-mediated signal transduction in the rat heart during sepsis","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-80","article-title":"The role of phosphodiesterase 3 in endotoxin-induced acute kidney injury","volume":"9","author":"Choi","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0102","first-page":"R254","article-title":"Initial externalization followed by internalization of beta-adrenergic receptors in rat heart during sepsis","volume":"270","author":"Tang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6753","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.17.6753","article-title":"Interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor inhibit cardiac myocyte beta-adrenergic responsiveness","volume":"86","author":"Gulick","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.67.3.753","article-title":"Mechanism of cytokine inhibition of beta-adrenergic agonist stimulation of cyclic AMP in rat cardiac myocytes. Impairment of signal transduction","volume":"67","author":"Chung","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200012000-00019","article-title":"Impairment of cardiac beta-adrenoceptor cellular signaling by decreased expression of G(s alpha) in septic rabbits","volume":"93","author":"Matsuda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80402-1","article-title":"Increase of myocardial inhibitory G-proteins in catecholamine-refractory septic shock or in septic multiorgan failure","volume":"98","author":"B\u00f6hm","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-199705000-00002","article-title":"Hyper- and hypocardiodynamic states are associated with externalization and internalization, respectively, of alpha-adrenergic receptors in rat heart during sepsis","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0108","first-page":"638","article-title":"Changes of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in human liver during intraabdominal sepsis","volume":"20","author":"Hwang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.6.2559","article-title":"Desensitization of myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors during cardiopulmonary bypass. Evidence for early uncoupling and late downregulation","volume":"84","author":"Schwinn","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.2.422","article-title":"Uncoupling of human cardiac beta-adrenoceptors during cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioplegic cardiac arrest","volume":"87","author":"Schranz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)35635-1","article-title":"Beta-adrenergic receptor changes during coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"99","author":"Mantz","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199809000-00008","article-title":"Acute depression of myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor signaling during cardiopulmonary bypass: impairment of the adenylyl cyclase moiety. Duke Heart Center Perioperative Desensitization Group","volume":"89","author":"Booth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"19 Suppl","key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0113","first-page":"II275","article-title":"Acute myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with cardiac valve disease. Duke Heart Center Perioperative Desensitization Group","volume":"98","author":"Gerhardt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(96)01367-7","article-title":"Intermittent warm blood cardioplegia preserves myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor function","volume":"63","author":"Chello","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.05.042","article-title":"Uncoupling of myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor signaling during coronary artery bypass grafting: the role of GRK2","volume":"86","author":"Bulcao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2008.08.007","article-title":"The inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass: part 1\u2013mechanisms of pathogenesis","volume":"23","author":"Warren","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2008.09.007","article-title":"The inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass: part 2\u2013anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies","volume":"23","author":"Warren","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0118","first-page":"957","article-title":"Improved beta-adrenergic receptor function after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Chello","year":"1995","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-1967-3","article-title":"Vasoplegia treatments: the past, the present, and the future","volume":"22","author":"Levy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.12.021","article-title":"Management of Refractory Vasodilatory Shock","volume":"154","author":"Jentzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1488-x","article-title":"Decatecholaminisation during sepsis","volume":"20","author":"Rudiger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066616689548","article-title":"Misdirected Sympathy: The Role of Sympatholysis in Sepsis and Septic Shock","volume":"33","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1705716","article-title":"Hydrocortisone plus Fludrocortisone for Adults with Septic Shock","volume":"378","author":"Annane","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3254-2","article-title":"The Vitamin C, Thiamine and Steroids in Sepsis (VICTAS) Protocol: a prospective, multi-center, double-blind, adaptive sample size, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial","volume":"20","author":"Hager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.11.036","article-title":"Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C, and Thiamine for the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Retrospective Before-After Study","volume":"151","author":"Marik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3542-x","article-title":"Combination therapy of vitamin C and thiamine for septic shock in a multicentre, double-blind, randomized, controlled study (ATESS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0127","first-page":"119","article-title":"Vitamin C, Hydrocortisone and Thiamine in Patients with Septic Shock (VITAMINS) trial: study protocol and statistical analysis plan","volume":"21","author":"Fujii","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care Resusc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.10485","article-title":"Effect of Early Vasopressin vs Norepinephrine on Kidney Failure in Patients With Septic Shock: The VANISH Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"316","author":"Gordon","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1704154","article-title":"Angiotensin II for the Treatment of Vasodilatory Shock","volume":"377","author":"Khanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2147","article-title":"Safe Use of Vasopressin and Angiotensin II for Patients with Circulatory Shock","volume":"38","author":"Bauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.3158","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of a novel calcium sensitizer, levosimendan, in patients with left ventricular failure due to an acute myocardial infarction. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (RUSSLAN)","volume":"23","author":"Moiseyev","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.17.1883","article-title":"Levosimendan vs dobutamine for patients with acute decompensated heart failure: the SURVIVE Randomized Trial","volume":"297","author":"Mebazaa","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2012.12.004","article-title":"Effect of levosimendan on the short-term clinical course of patients with acutely decompensated heart failure","volume":"1","author":"Packer","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1616218","article-title":"Levosimendan in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction Undergoing Cardiac Surgery","volume":"376","author":"Mehta","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.9973","article-title":"Effect of Levosimendan on Low Cardiac Output Syndrome in Patients With Low Ejection Fraction Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting With Cardiopulmonary Bypass: The LICORN Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"318","author":"Cholley","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1616325","article-title":"Levosimendan for Hemodynamic Support after Cardiac Surgery","volume":"376","author":"Landoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1609409","article-title":"Levosimendan for the Prevention of Acute Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis","volume":"375","author":"Gordon","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.12.1541","article-title":"Short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"287","author":"Cuffe","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02968-6","article-title":"Heart failure etiology and response to milrinone in decompensated heart failure: results from the OPTIME-CHF study","volume":"41","author":"Felker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5267-9","article-title":"Terlipressin versus norepinephrine as infusion in patients with septic shock: a multicentre, randomised, double-blinded trial","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8224","article-title":"Bench-to-bedside review: Vasopressin in the management of septic shock","volume":"15","author":"Russell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000251127.45385.CD","article-title":"Vasopressin: mechanisms of action on the vasculature in health and in septic shock","volume":"35","author":"Barrett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200203000-00011","article-title":"Beneficial effects of short-term vasopressin infusion during severe septic shock","volume":"96","author":"Patel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199910000-00014","article-title":"Low-dose vasopressin in the treatment of vasodilatory septic shock","volume":"47","author":"Malay","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000066692.71008.BB","article-title":"Arginine vasopressin in advanced vasodilatory shock: a prospective, randomized, controlled study","volume":"107","author":"D\u00fcnser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc080666","article-title":"Vasopressin in septic shock","volume":"358","author":"Landry","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000206466.56669.BE","article-title":"Decreased vasopressin responsiveness in vasodilatory septic shock-like conditions","volume":"34","author":"Leone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181961ace","article-title":"Interaction of vasopressin infusion, corticosteroid treatment, and mortality of septic shock","volume":"37","author":"Russell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1687-x","article-title":"The effects of vasopressin on acute kidney injury in septic shock","volume":"36","author":"Gordon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005866","article-title":"Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of VAsopressin versus Noradrenaline as Initial therapy in Septic sHock (VANISH)","volume":"4","author":"Gordon","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001434","article-title":"Vasopressin versus Norepinephrine in Patients with Vasoplegic Shock after Cardiac Surgery: The VANCS Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"126","author":"Hajjar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181bc7bd5","article-title":"Why we should be wary of single-center trials","volume":"37","author":"Bellomo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.05.005","article-title":"Interventions affecting mortality in critically ill and perioperative patients: A systematic review of contemporary trials","volume":"41","author":"Baiardo Redaelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.18.13070-7","article-title":"Why do multicenter randomized controlled trials not confirm the positive findings of single center randomized controlled trials in acute care?","volume":"85","author":"Landoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12780","article-title":"Scandinavian SSAI clinical practice guideline on choice of first-line vasopressor for patients with acute circulatory failure","volume":"60","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2006.02.032","article-title":"Comparative hemodynamic effects of vasopressin and norepinephrine after milrinone-induced hypotension in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgical patients","volume":"29","author":"Jeon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.03.012","article-title":"Comparative effects of norepinephrine and vasopressin on internal thoracic arterial graft flow after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"141","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.01.014","article-title":"Effects of vasopressin during a pulmonary hypertensive crisis induced by acute hypoxia in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"122","author":"Sugawara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000716","article-title":"Hemodynamic Effects of Phenylephrine, Vasopressin, and Epinephrine in Children With Pulmonary Hypertension: A Pilot Study","volume":"17","author":"Siehr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200211000-00024","article-title":"Effects of vasopressin on right ventricular function in an experimental model of acute pulmonary hypertension","volume":"30","author":"Leather","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1439-6","article-title":"Left ventricular function: time-varying elastance and left ventricular aortic coupling","volume":"20","author":"Walley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182772ab6","article-title":"The role of venous return in critical illness and shock-part I: physiology","volume":"41","author":"Funk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827bfc25","article-title":"Role of the venous return in critical illness and shock: part II-shock and mechanical ventilation","volume":"41","author":"Funk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182124c0e","article-title":"The physiologic implications of isolated alpha(1) adrenergic stimulation","volume":"113","author":"Thiele","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182120ca5","article-title":"The clinical implications of isolated alpha(1) adrenergic stimulation","volume":"113","author":"Thiele","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000807","article-title":"Angiotensin II in Refractory Septic Shock","volume":"47","author":"Antonucci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-1995-z","article-title":"Angiotensin in Critical Care","volume":"22","author":"Hall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0534-9","article-title":"Intravenous angiotensin II for the treatment of high-output shock (ATHOS trial): a pilot study","volume":"18","author":"Chawla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0169","first-page":"43","article-title":"Angiotensin II for the Treatment of High-Output Shock 3 (ATHOS-3): protocol for a phase III, double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Chawla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Resusc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002441","article-title":"Clinical Experience With IV Angiotensin II Administration: A Systematic Review of Safety","volume":"45","author":"Busse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.07.022","article-title":"Levosimendan: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications: consensus of experts on the mechanisms of action of levosimendan","volume":"159","author":"Papp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev284","article-title":"The effect of inotropes and vasopressors on mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"115","author":"Belletti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.05.009","article-title":"The role of levosimendan in acute heart failure complicating acute coronary syndrome: A review and expert consensus opinion","volume":"218","author":"Nieminen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.202","article-title":"Levosimendan beyond inotropy and acute heart failure: Evidence of pleiotropic effects on the heart and other organs: An expert panel position paper","volume":"222","author":"Farmakis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-013-6485-6","article-title":"Renal effects of levosimendan: a consensus report","volume":"27","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318232962a","article-title":"Effects of levosimendan on mortality and hospitalization. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies","volume":"40","author":"Landoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2015.05.017","article-title":"Levosimendan reduces mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: A meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"30","author":"Zangrillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.02.014","article-title":"Levosimendan meta-analyses: Is there a pattern in the effect on mortality?","volume":"209","author":"Pollesello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.02.022","article-title":"Preoperative and perioperative use of levosimendan in cardiac surgery: European expert opinion","volume":"184","author":"Toller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.08.188","article-title":"Repeated or intermittent levosimendan treatment in advanced heart failure: An updated meta-analysis","volume":"202","author":"Silvetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfn045","article-title":"Levosimendan vs. dobutamine: outcomes for acute heart failure patients on beta-blockers in SURVIVE","volume":"11","author":"Mebazaa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2006.01.007","article-title":"Cardiogenic shock after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: Effects of levosimendan compared with dobutamine on haemodynamics","volume":"8","author":"Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181809846","article-title":"Levosimendan is superior to enoximone in refractory cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction","volume":"36","author":"Fuhrmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2016.09.001","volume":"182","author":"Mehta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-016-0530-z","article-title":"Rationale and design of the multicenter randomized trial investigating the effects of levosimendan pretreatment in patients with low ejection fraction (\u226440%) undergoing CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass (LICORN study)","volume":"11","author":"Caruba","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2016.03.021","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of levosimendan to reduce mortality in high-risk cardiac surgery patients (CHEETAH): Rationale and design","volume":"177","author":"Zangrillo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000551","article-title":"Use of Levosimendan in Cardiac Surgery: An Update After the LEVO-CTS, CHEETAH, and LICORN Trials in the Light of Clinical Practice","volume":"71","author":"Guarracino","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Diepen S, Mehta RH, Leimberger JD, et al. Levosimendan in patients with reduced left ventricular function undergoing isolated coronary or valve surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg(in press). doi: 10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.06.020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.06.020"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-199","article-title":"An efficacy and mechanism evaluation study of Levosimendan for the Prevention of Acute oRgan Dysfunction in Sepsis (LeoPARDS): protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Orme","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5214-9","article-title":"Management of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction","volume":"44","author":"Mebazaa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000525","article-title":"Contemporary Management of Cardiogenic Shock: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","volume":"136","author":"van Diepen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13089","article-title":"Scandinavian SSAI clinical practice guideline on choice of inotropic agent for patients with acute circulatory failure","volume":"62","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.3.774","article-title":"Multicenter trial of oral enoximone in patients with moderate to moderately severe congestive heart failure. Lack of benefit compared with placebo. Enoximone Multicenter Trial Group","volume":"82","author":"Uretsky","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(01)00520-4","article-title":"Milrinone versus dobutamine in heart failure subjects treated chronically with carvedilol","volume":"81","author":"Lowes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02134-4","article-title":"Beta-blocker therapy influences the hemodynamic response to inotropic agents in patients with heart failure: a randomized comparison of dobutamine and enoximone before and after chronic treatment with metoprolol or carvedilol","volume":"40","author":"Metra","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2012.08.005","article-title":"Meta-analysis of randomized trials of effect of milrinone on mortality in cardiac surgery: an update","volume":"27","author":"Majure","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2016.07.027","article-title":"Impact of Milrinone Administration in Adult Cardiac Surgery Patients: Updated Meta-Analysis","volume":"30","author":"Ushio","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199310000-00003","article-title":"Combined inotropic effects of amrinone and epinephrine after cardiopulmonary bypass in humans","volume":"77","author":"Royster","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0199","first-page":"399","article-title":"[Does chronic oral treatment with beta-receptor blockers have an effect on positive inotropic therapy of coronary patients with adrenaline after extracorporeal circulation?]","volume":"20","author":"G\u00fcnnicker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1305727","article-title":"Albumin replacement in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock","volume":"370","author":"Caironi","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2016.11.111","article-title":"Esmolol in septic shock: old pathophysiological concepts, an old drug, perhaps a new hemodynamic strategy in the right patient","volume":"8","author":"Morelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R80","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13842","article-title":"Ventriculoarterial decoupling in human septic shock","volume":"18","author":"Guarracino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4351-2","article-title":"Heart rate reduction with esmolol is associated with improved arterial elastance in patients with septic shock: a prospective observational study","volume":"42","author":"Morelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.07.015","article-title":"Infusion of esmolol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial dysfunction","volume":"200","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2236-y","article-title":"Effects of esmolol on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics and on oxygenation in pigs with hypodynamic endotoxin shock","volume":"37","author":"Aboab","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e332","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001078","article-title":"\u03b21-Adrenergic Inhibition Improves Cardiac and Vascular Function in Experimental Septic Shock","volume":"43","author":"Kimmoun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-017-0215-2","article-title":"Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and \u03b2-adrenergic blockade therapy for sepsis","volume":"5","author":"Suzuki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.278477","article-title":"Effect of heart rate control with esmolol on hemodynamic and clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"310","author":"Morelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2017.11.039","article-title":"Ultra-Short-Acting \u03b2-Blockers (Esmolol and Landiolol) in the Perioperative Period and in Critically Ill Patients","volume":"32","author":"Poveda-Jaramillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1177\/0267659116681437","article-title":"Esmolol before cardioplegia and as cardioplegia adjuvant reduces cardiac troponin release after cardiac surgery. A randomized trial","volume":"32","author":"Bignami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perfusion"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31829f6242","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes associated with early heart failure pharmacotherapy in patients with ongoing cardiogenic shock","volume":"42","author":"van Diepen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.05.032","article-title":"Clinical outcomes with \u03b2-blockers for myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"127","author":"Bangalore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq013","article-title":"Concomitant levosimendan and esmolol infusion in ischaemic cardiogenic shock","volume":"104","author":"Guarracino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei225","article-title":"Treatment of cardiogenic shock with levosimendan in combination with beta-adrenergic antagonists","volume":"95","author":"Alhashemi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.12.034","article-title":"Post-partum hemorrhage complicated by reverse-Takotsubo cardiogenic shock; a novel therapeutic approach","volume":"35","author":"Papanikolaou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"Suppl I","key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0216","first-page":"22","article-title":"Novel actions of methylene blue","volume":"14","author":"Mayer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-013-0298-7","article-title":"Methylene blue for distributive shock: a potential new use of an old antidote","volume":"9","author":"Jang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0218","first-page":"42","article-title":"Methylene blue as a vasopressor: a meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"15","author":"Pasin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Resusc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000548","article-title":"Intraoperative vasoplegia: methylene blue to the rescue!","volume":"31","author":"McCartney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E234","DOI":"10.1532\/hsf.1806","article-title":"Methylene Blue for Vasoplegic Syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Booth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Surg Forum"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2015.09.011","article-title":"The Blue Coma: The Role of Methylene Blue in Unexplained Coma After Cardiac Surgery","volume":"30","author":"Martino","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0222","article-title":"Terlipressin versus other vasoactive drugs for hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Israelsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0431","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010431","article-title":"Terlipressin in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142605","article-title":"Non-Adrenergic Vasopressors in Patients with or at Risk for Vasodilatory Shock. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials","volume":"10","author":"Belletti","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R154","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11469","article-title":"Vasopressin and terlipressin in adult vasodilatory shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 9 randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Serpa Neto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1798-7","article-title":"Selepressin, a novel selective vasopressin V1A agonist, is an effective substitute for norepinephrine in a phase IIa randomized, placebo-controlled trial in septic shock patients","volume":"21","author":"Russell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201708-669SD","article-title":"Rationale and Design of an Adaptive Phase 2b\/3 Clinical Trial of Selepressin for Adults in Septic Shock. Selepressin Evaluation Programme for Sepsis-induced Shock-Adaptive Clinical Trial","volume":"15","author":"Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.11.020","article-title":"Methylene Blue Monotherapy Compared With Combination Therapy With Hydroxocobalamin for the Treatment of Refractory Vasoplegic Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"33","author":"Feih","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.01.010","article-title":"Vasoplegia: More Magic Bullets?","volume":"33","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2016.08.019","article-title":"Hydroxocobalamin as a Rescue Treatment for Refractory Vasoplegic Syndrome After Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Bypass","volume":"31","author":"Burnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2016.10.011","article-title":"Treatment of Vasoplegic Syndrome With Intravenous Hydroxocobalamin During Liver Transplantation","volume":"31","author":"Boettcher","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2217-4","article-title":"Ascorbic acid, corticosteroids, and thiamine in sepsis: a review of the biologic rationale and the present state of clinical evaluation","volume":"22","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1705835","article-title":"Adjunctive Glucocorticoid Therapy in Patients with Septic Shock","volume":"378","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3626","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy600","article-title":"Treatments targeting inotropy","volume":"40","author":"Maack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.212518","article-title":"Cardiac myosin activators for heart failure therapy: focus on omecamtiv mecarbil","volume":"7","author":"Kaplinsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drugs Context"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.077933","article-title":"Modulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum function by Na+\/K+ pump inhibitors with different toxicity: digoxin and PST2744 [(E,Z)-3-((2-aminoethoxy)imino)androstane-6.17-dione hydrochloride]","volume":"313","author":"Rocchetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-16-0742","article-title":"Novel Therapies for Heart Failure - Where Do They Stand?","volume":"80","author":"Greenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61126-4","article-title":"The effects of the cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, on cardiac function in systolic heart failure: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, dose-ranging phase 2 trial","volume":"378","author":"Cleland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.01.031","article-title":"Acute Treatment With Omecamtiv Mecarbil to Increase Contractility in Acute Heart Failure: The ATOMIC-AHF Study","volume":"67","author":"Teerlink","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32049-9","article-title":"Chronic Oral Study of Myosin Activation to Increase Contractility in Heart Failure (COSMIC-HF): a phase 2, pharmacokinetic, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"388","author":"Teerlink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61219-1","article-title":"Dose-dependent augmentation of cardiac systolic function with the selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil: a first-in-man study","volume":"378","author":"Teerlink","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.03.015","article-title":"Hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and neurohormonal effects of istaroxime, a novel intravenous inotropic and lusitropic agent: a randomized controlled trial in patients hospitalized with heart failure","volume":"51","author":"Gheorghiade","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2009.03.007","volume":"157","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.302421","article-title":"Long-term effects of AAV1\/SERCA2a gene transfer in patients with severe heart failure: analysis of recurrent cardiovascular events and mortality","volume":"114","author":"Zsebo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.022889","article-title":"Calcium Upregulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease (CUPID): a phase 2 trial of intracoronary gene therapy of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase in patients with advanced heart failure","volume":"124","author":"Jessup","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00082-9","article-title":"Calcium upregulation by percutaneous administration of gene therapy in patients with cardiac disease (CUPID 2): a randomised, multinational, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial","volume":"387","author":"Greenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61855-8","article-title":"Serelaxin, recombinant human relaxin-2, for treatment of acute heart failure (RELAX-AHF): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"381","author":"Teerlink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.830","article-title":"Serelaxin in addition to standard therapy in acute heart failure: rationale and design of the RELAX-AHF-2 study","volume":"19","author":"Teerlink","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801291","article-title":"Effects of Serelaxin in Patients with Acute Heart Failure","volume":"381","author":"Metra","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.01.022","article-title":"Effects of the renal natriuretic peptide urodilatin (ularitide) in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose trial","volume":"150","author":"Mitrovic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl337","article-title":"Haemodynamic and clinical effects of ularitide in decompensated heart failure","volume":"27","author":"Mitrovic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1601895","article-title":"Effect of Ularitide on Cardiovascular Mortality in Acute Heart Failure","volume":"376","author":"Packer","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfs071","article-title":"Left ventricular systolic dysfunction associated with pulmonary hypertension riociguat trial (LEPHT): rationale and design","volume":"14","author":"Ghio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001458","article-title":"Riociguat for patients with pulmonary hypertension caused by systolic left ventricular dysfunction: a phase IIb double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging hemodynamic study","volume":"128","author":"Bonderman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2014.12.014","article-title":"Renal effects of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators and activators: a review of the preclinical evidence","volume":"21","author":"Stasch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.135","article-title":"Rationale and design of the SOluble guanylate Cyclase stimulatoR in heArT failurE Studies (SOCRATES)","volume":"16","author":"Pieske","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.15734","article-title":"Effect of Vericiguat, a Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator, on Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Patients With Worsening Chronic Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: The SOCRATES-REDUCED Randomized Trial","volume":"314","author":"Gheorghiade","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.11.038","article-title":"Venoarterial ECMO for Adults: JACC Scientific Expert Panel","volume":"73","author":"Guglin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.03.031","article-title":"Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Beyond Cardiac Surgery and Intensive Care Unit: Unconventional Uses and Future Perspectives","volume":"32","author":"Monaco","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109276","article-title":"How to obtain severe hypoglycemia without causing brain or cardiac damage","volume":"130","author":"Baiardo Redaelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2016.02.046","article-title":"A Practical Approach to Mechanical Circulatory Support in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Interventional Perspective","volume":"9","author":"Atkinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.03.036","volume":"65","author":"Rihal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2016.07.036","article-title":"Contemporary Clinical Niche for Intra-Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation in Perioperative Cardiovascular Practice: An Evidence-Based Review for the Cardiovascular Anesthesiologist","volume":"31","author":"MacKay","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2368-y","article-title":"Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices for Cardiogenic Shock: State of the Art","volume":"23","author":"Hajjar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.07.065","article-title":"Impella ventricular support in clinical practice: Collaborative viewpoint from a European expert user group","volume":"201","author":"Burzotta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1610426","article-title":"A Fully Magnetically Levitated Circulatory Pump for Advanced Heart Failure","volume":"376","author":"Mehra","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602954","article-title":"Intrapericardial Left Ventricular Assist Device for Advanced Heart Failure","volume":"376","author":"Rogers","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017_bib0268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.05.038","article-title":"Mechanical Unloading in Heart Failure","volume":"72","author":"Uriel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S105307701931050X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S105307701931050X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T07:46:01Z","timestamp":1760946361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S105307701931050X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":268,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S105307701931050X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-0770"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-0770","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adrenergic Downregulation in Critical Care: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Evidence","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.10.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}