{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:21:00Z","timestamp":1793830860039,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jcardioanesthesia.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T21:50:28Z","timestamp":1592344228000},"page":"3336-3344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Diaphragmatic Dysfunction After Elective Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bruni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Garofalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Pasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe Filiberto","family":"Serraino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianmaria","family":"Cammarota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Longhini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Landoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalba","family":"Lembo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Mastroroberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Navalesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000558","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2018 update: A report from the American Heart Association","volume":"137","author":"Benjamin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1531","article-title":"Ultrasonographic diagnostic criterion for severe diaphragmatic dysfunction after cardiac surgery","volume":"135","author":"Lerolle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2018-0022TR","article-title":"The signaling network resulting in ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction","volume":"59","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/189863","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary bypass and oxidative stress","volume":"2015","author":"Zakkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200008000-00010","article-title":"Long-term survival and health status after prolonged mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery","volume":"28","author":"Engoren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199207000-00015","article-title":"Prolonged ventilatory support after open-heart surgery","volume":"20","author":"LoCicero","year":"1992","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4524-z","article-title":"Assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction in the critically ill patient with ultrasound: A systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Zambon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.17.12142-5","article-title":"Perioperative pain management in cardiac surgery: A systematic review","volume":"84","author":"Bignami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31818b35f2","article-title":"Rate of reintubation in mechanically ventilated neurosurgical and neurologic patients: Evaluation of a systematic approach to weaning and extubation","volume":"36","author":"Navalesi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00010206","article-title":"Weaning from mechanical ventilation","volume":"29","author":"Boles","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.4.96-02031","article-title":"End-inspiratory airway occlusion: A method to assess the pressure developed by inspiratory muscles in patients with acute lung injury undergoing pressure support","volume":"156","author":"Foti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-019-0565-0","article-title":"Electrical impedance tomography during spontaneous breathing trials and after extubation in critically ill patients at high risk for extubation failure: A multicenter observational study","volume":"9","author":"Longhini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.06871","article-title":"Evaluation of a new interface combining high-flow nasal cannula and CPAP","volume":"64","author":"Garofalo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-019-0137-4","article-title":"Comparisons of two diaphragm ultrasound-teaching programs: A multicenter randomized controlled educational study","volume":"11","author":"Garofalo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e506","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003740","article-title":"High-flow oxygen therapy after noninvasive ventilation interruption in patients recovering from hypercapnic acute respiratory failure: A physiological crossover trial","volume":"47","author":"Longhini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezs043","article-title":"EuroSCORE II","volume":"41","author":"Nashef","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2307\/2530297","article-title":"One-sample multiple testing procedure for phase II clinical trials","volume":"38","author":"Fleming","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.721","article-title":"Sample size tables for exact single-stage phase II designs","volume":"20","author":"A'Hern","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.6.1683","article-title":"Sonographic measurement of diaphragmatic motion after coronary artery bypass surgery","volume":"102","author":"Fedullo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.05.011","article-title":"Electrophysiologic evaluation of phrenic nerve and diaphragm function after coronary bypass surgery: Prospective study of diabetes and other risk factors","volume":"132","author":"Merino-Ramirez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.3.850","article-title":"Incidence and natural history of phrenic neuropathy occurring during open heart surgery","volume":"103","author":"DeVita","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.146.1.6849035","article-title":"Normal ventilatory movement of the right hemidiaphragm studied by ultrasonography and pneumotachography","volume":"146","author":"Harris","year":"1983","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-019-0521-z","article-title":"Diaphragm thickening in cardiac surgery: A perioperative prospective ultrasound study","volume":"9","author":"Moury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-2823-1","article-title":"Sonographic evaluation of the diaphragm in critically ill patients. Technique and clinical applications","volume":"39","author":"Matamis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182266408","article-title":"Diaphragm dysfunction assessed by ultrasonography: Influence on weaning from mechanical ventilation","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.7234","article-title":"Effect of pressure support vs T-piece ventilation strategies during spontaneous breathing trials on successful extubation among patients receiving mechanical ventilation: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"321","author":"Subira","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201201-0050ED","article-title":"Extubation and the myth of \"minimal ventilator settings\"","volume":"185","author":"Tobin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201312-2193CI","article-title":"The application of esophageal pressure measurement in patients with respiratory failure","volume":"189","author":"Akoumianaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0029","first-page":"58","article-title":"Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist","volume":"21","author":"Navalesi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2547-7","article-title":"Diaphragm ultrasonography to estimate the work of breathing during non-invasive ventilation","volume":"38","author":"Vivier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0894-9","article-title":"Diaphragm ultrasound as indicator of respiratory effort in critically ill patients undergoing assisted mechanical ventilation: A pilot clinical study","volume":"19","author":"Umbrello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s10","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-313512","article-title":"Minimally invasive surgical aortic valve replacement","volume":"105","author":"Jahangiri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053077020305796?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053077020305796?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T07:50:58Z","timestamp":1760946658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053077020305796"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1053077020305796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-0770"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-0770","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diaphragmatic Dysfunction After Elective Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.06.038","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}