{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:42:56Z","timestamp":1790880176321,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jcardioanesthesia.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T21:53:11Z","timestamp":1596664391000},"page":"139-144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Airway Abnormalities in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease: Incidence and Associated Factors"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Carine","family":"Foz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Peyton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Staffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pete","family":"Kovatsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"DiNardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviane G.","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.133.7.672","article-title":"Airway pathologic abnormalities in symptomatic children with congenital cardiac and vascular disease","volume":"133","author":"Guillemaud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prognosis and risk factors for congenital airway anomalies in children with congenital heart disease: A nationwide population-based study in Taiwan","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-0770(96)80134-0","article-title":"The association of tracheal anomalies and tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"10","author":"Kazim","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13388","article-title":"Unanticipated hospital admission in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease undergoing ambulatory noncardiac surgical procedures","volume":"28","author":"Yuki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003406","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for perioperative cardiovascular and respiratory adverse events in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease undergoing noncardiac procedures","volume":"127","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00508-1","article-title":"Airway management complications in children with difficult tracheal intubation from the Pediatric Difficult Intubation (PeDI) registry: A prospective cohort analysis","volume":"4","author":"Fiadjoe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_134_17","article-title":"Congenital syndromes affecting heart and airway alike","volume":"20","author":"Rawat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10332","article-title":"Airway anomalies in children with Down syndrome: Endoscopic findings","volume":"36","author":"Bertrand","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0009","first-page":"326","article-title":"Structural airway anomalies in patients with DiGeorge syndrome: A current review","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol Head Neck Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.02.012","article-title":"Association of airway abnormalities with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome","volume":"96","author":"Sacca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198909000-00009","article-title":"Short trachea, a hazard in tracheal intubation of neonates and infants: Syndromal associations","volume":"71","author":"Wells","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22674","article-title":"Lower airway anomalies in children with CATCH 22 syndrome and congenital heart disease","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.09.015","article-title":"Important excess morbidity due to upper airway anomalies in the perioperative course in infant cardiac surgery","volume":"81","author":"Pfammatter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951119000301","article-title":"Assessment of airway abnormalities in patients with tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, and major aortopulmonary collaterals","volume":"29","author":"Wise-Faberowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.01192.x","article-title":"Cardiovascular causes of airway compression","volume":"14","author":"Kussman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10164","article-title":"Airway obstruction in children with congenital heart disease: Assessment by flexible bronchoscopy","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.06.027","article-title":"Tracheostomy after pediatric cardiac surgery: Frequency, indications, and outcomes","volume":"141","author":"Cotts","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F349","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-312962","article-title":"Severe acquired subglottic stenosis in neonatal intensive care graduates: A case-control study","volume":"103","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2004.07.003","article-title":"Difficult intubation in pediatric cardiac anesthesia","volume":"18","author":"Akpek","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2014.12.001","article-title":"Tracheobronchial issues in congenital heart disease","volume":"18","author":"Hart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.125.5.525","article-title":"Congenital airway abnormalities in patients requiring hospitalization","volume":"125","author":"Altman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006921","article-title":"Association between tetralogy of Fallot and tracheobronchial branching abnormalities: A new clue for pathogenesis?","volume":"7","author":"Chassagnon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8537(05)70057-2","article-title":"Anatomy and embryology of the pediatric airway","volume":"16","author":"Holzman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199708)24:2<93::AID-PPUL4>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Tracheoesophageal compression due to congenital vascular anomalies (vascular rings)","volume":"24","author":"Valletta","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951102000082","article-title":"Three-dimensional computed tomography in children with compression of the central airways complicating congenital heart disease","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.07.016","article-title":"Airway compression in children with congenital heart disease evaluated using computed tomography","volume":"96","author":"An","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-0770(98)90321-4","article-title":"Airway compression in children due to congenital heart disease: Value of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopic assessment","volume":"12","author":"Chapotte","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949310200301","article-title":"Management of airway obstruction in patients with congenital heart defects","volume":"102","author":"Davis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0029","first-page":"663","article-title":"Tracheobronchial compression of vascular origin. Review of experience in infants and children","volume":"42","author":"Bov\u00e9","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsha.2015.05.002","article-title":"Outcomes of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury following congenital heart surgery: A contemporary experience","volume":"28","author":"Alfares","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Saudi Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2005.07.013","article-title":"Laryngopharyngeal dysfunction after the Norwood procedure","volume":"130","author":"Skinner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23575","article-title":"Incidence and implication of vocal fold paresis following neonatal cardiac surgery","volume":"122","author":"Dewan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.131.4.336","article-title":"Laryngotracheal consequences of pediatric cardiac surgery","volume":"131","author":"Khariwala","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.06.004","article-title":"Airway evaluation in children with single ventricle cardiac physiology","volume":"111","author":"Ting","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-017-1631-4","article-title":"Continuous monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve","volume":"403","author":"De la Quintana Basarrate","year":"2018","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2016.04.001","article-title":"Airway damage of prematurity: The impact of prolonged intubation, ventilation, and chronic lung disease","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2008.12.018","article-title":"Subglottic stenosis in children undergoing repair of congenital heart defects","volume":"23","author":"Mossad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-016-4334-5","article-title":"Types of laryngomalacia in children: Interrelationship between clinical course and comorbid conditions","volume":"274","author":"Kusak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1177\/1089253218772848","article-title":"Risk factors associated with the development of acquired airway disease after congenital heart surgery: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Matisoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053077020307916?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053077020307916?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T07:52:24Z","timestamp":1760946744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053077020307916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1053077020307916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-0770"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-0770","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Airway Abnormalities in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease: Incidence and Associated Factors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.07.086","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}