{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:41:19Z","timestamp":1789598479826,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","jcardioanesthesia.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T17:09:08Z","timestamp":1739380148000},"page":"1242-1249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Heparin Versus Bivalirudin in Pediatric Patients Assisted With Mechanical Circulatory Support: A Retrospective Before-and-after Study"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1006-5513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Giorni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Cantarutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Olimpieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Benegni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Rizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Favia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovina Di","family":"Felice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Vallesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Brancaccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Amodeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca Di","family":"Chiara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaccaria","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-017-1787-2","article-title":"Systematic literature review on the incidence and prevalence of heart failure in children and adolescents","volume":"39","author":"Shaddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-015-1308-0","article-title":"Hospital charges for pediatric heart failure-related hospitalizations from 2000 to 2009","volume":"37","author":"Nandi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2012.03.001","article-title":"Prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of heart failure-related hospitalizations in children in the United States: A population-based study","volume":"18","author":"Rossano","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.11.010","article-title":"Significant mortality, morbidity and resource utilization associated with advanced heart failure in congenital heart disease in children and young adults","volume":"209","author":"Burstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2016.09.007","article-title":"Urgent listing exceptions and outcomes in pediatric heart transplantation: Comparison to standard criteria patients","volume":"36","author":"Davies","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2023.11.035","article-title":"Pedimacs Investigators. Seventh Annual Society of Thoracic Surgeons Pedimacs report","volume":"117","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.671241","article-title":"Pediatric mechanical circulatory support: Pathophysiology of pediatric hemostasis and available options","volume":"8","author":"Giorni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2010.08.033","article-title":"Bridging children of all sizes to cardiac transplantation: The initial multicenter North American experience with the Berlin Heart EXCOR ventricular assist device","volume":"30","author":"Morales","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2023.151333","article-title":"Systemic anticoagulation in ECMO","volume":"32","author":"Larabee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-996103","article-title":"Heparin therapy in pediatric patients","volume":"23","author":"Sutor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1160\/TH05-01-0047","article-title":"Developmental haemostasis. Impact for clinical haemostasis laboratories","volume":"95","author":"Monagle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000028","article-title":"Anti-factor Xa assay is a superior correlate of heparin dose than activated partial thromboplastin time or activated clotting time in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"15","author":"Liveris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPGVD62LKKVDLH","article-title":"Evaluation of heparin assay for coagulation management in newborns undergoing ECMO","volume":"134","author":"Khaja","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028020937819","article-title":"Description of bivalirudin use for anticoagulation in pediatric patients on mechanical circulatory support","volume":"55","author":"Campbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001093","article-title":"Utilization and outcomes of children treated with direct thrombin inhibitors on paracorporeal ventricular assist device support","volume":"66","author":"VanderPluym","year":"2020","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000001062","article-title":"Bivalirudin experience in a heterogeneous ventricular assist device population","volume":"66","author":"Bates","year":"2020","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2022.10.006","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of bivalirudin in pediatric ventricular assist devices","volume":"42","author":"Burstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.21037\/tp.2019.07.12","article-title":"Collaboration and new data in ACTION: A learning health care system to improve pediatric heart failure and ventricular assist device outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002384","article-title":"Evaluation of bivalirudin as an alternative to heparin for systemic anticoagulation in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"21","author":"Hamzah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0020","first-page":"10","article-title":"Heparin-based versus bivalirudin-based anticoagulation in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Valdes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0022","unstructured":"The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) general guidelines for all ECLS cases. Available at:https:\/\/www.elso.org\/Portals\/0\/Files\/elsoanticoagulationguideline8-2014-table-contents.pdf."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2016.03.005","article-title":"Adverse events in children implanted with ventricular assist devices in the United States: Data from the Pediatric Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support (PediMACS)","volume":"35","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezy408","article-title":"Acquired von Willebrand syndrome in paediatric patients during mechanical circulatory support","volume":"55","author":"Kubicki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000434","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy in a prospective trial of a pediatric ventricular assist device","volume":"62","author":"Steiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31827127e4","article-title":"Variability in anticoagulation management of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: An international survey","volume":"14","author":"Bembea","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000002128","article-title":"Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Member Centers Group. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry international report 2022","volume":"70","author":"Tonna","year":"2024","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.06.020","article-title":"ELSO Member Centers. Epidemiology of stroke in pediatric cardiac surgical patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"100","author":"Werho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201609-1945OC","article-title":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network. Factors associated with bleeding and thrombosis in children receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"196","author":"Dalton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000003495","article-title":"Anticoagulant medications: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE consensus conference","volume":"25","author":"Cashen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000003494","article-title":"Anticoagulation monitoring and targets: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE consensus conference","volume":"25","author":"Ozment","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2010.08.033","article-title":"Bridging children of all sizes to cardiac transplantation: The initial multicenter North American experience with the Berlin Heart EXCOR ventricular assist device","volume":"30","author":"Morales","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1014164","article-title":"Prospective trial of a pediatric ventricular assist device","volume":"367","author":"Fraser","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041_bib0034","unstructured":"Appendix, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http:\/\/links.lww.com\/ASAIO\/A468."}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053077025001028?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053077025001028?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T19:39:18Z","timestamp":1744400358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053077025001028"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1053077025001028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-0770"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-0770","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Heparin Versus Bivalirudin in Pediatric Patients Assisted With Mechanical Circulatory Support: A Retrospective Before-and-after Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.01.041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}