{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:49:06Z","timestamp":1786121346708,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000764","name":"King&apos;s College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR306274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR306274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000764","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011660","name":"European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011660","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010377","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jcardioanesthesia.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:25:52Z","timestamp":1775841952000},"page":"2404-2412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Current Practice in Post\u2013Cardiac Surgery Shock: A European Association of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Survey"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1804-6125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Milne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Corredor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sriveena","family":"Naganathar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Vives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudrun","family":"Kunst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.09.061","article-title":"Effect of cardiac surgery on one-year patient-reported outcomes: A prospective cohort study","volume":"112","author":"Charles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-2743-8","article-title":"Vasoplegic syndrome following cardiothoracic surgery: Review of pathophysiology and update of treatment options","volume":"24","author":"Busse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.02.027","article-title":"Vasoplegia in cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of current definitions and their influence on clinical outcomes","volume":"39","author":"Papazisi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13072118","article-title":"Comparative analysis of therapeutic strategies in post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock: Insight into a high-volume cardiac surgery center","volume":"13","author":"Baldan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y, Li C, Wang L, et al. Using a cardiogenic shock classification system for predicting postcardiotomy shock mortality 2025;5:663-76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacasi.2025.01.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacasi.2025.01.007"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)01329-8","article-title":"Five-year results of 219 consecutive patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory postoperative cardiogenic shock","volume":"77","author":"Doll","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-016-0430-2","article-title":"Advanced mechanical circulatory support for post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock: A 20-year outcome analysis in a non-transplant unit","volume":"11","author":"Khorsandi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalewski M, Zelinski K, Brodie D, et al. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for postcardiotomy shock: Analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry 2021;49:1107-17. doi:10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004922.","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004922"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.aca_86_25","article-title":"Role of non-catecholamine vasopressors in the management of vasoplegic syndrome after cardiopulmonary bypass: A scoping review","volume":"29","author":"Kumar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.124.011630","article-title":"Cardiogenic shock teams: Past, present, and future directions","volume":"18","author":"Blumer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.044","article-title":"Management and outcomes of cardiogenic shock in cardiac ICUs with versus without shock teams","volume":"78","author":"Papolos","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0012","article-title":"Advanced cardiogenic-shock team versus standard care in cardiogenic shock: A single center service evaluation project","volume":"13","author":"Mohan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908263410901","article-title":"Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock","volume":"341","author":"Hochman","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128","article-title":"2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"37","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2025.09.186","article-title":"Defining vasoplegia in cardiac surgery: ACTACC UK national audit","volume":"39","author":"Naganathar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1704154","article-title":"Angiotensin II for the treatment of vasodilatory shock","volume":"377","author":"Khanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e175","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezt303","article-title":"The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) database: An introduction","volume":"44","author":"Head","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2019.06.077","article-title":"Survey of contemporary cardiac surgery intensive care unit models in the United States","volume":"109","author":"Arora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadaya J, Sanaiha Y, Hernandez R, et al. Impact of hospital volume on resource use after elective cardiac surgery: A contemporary analysis 2021;170:682-8.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2021.03.004"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)01329-8","article-title":"Five-year results of 219 consecutive patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory postoperative cardiogenic shock","volume":"77","author":"Doll","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivx155","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in patients after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock: A single-center experience of 92 cases","volume":"25","author":"Guihraire","year":"2017","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.07.034","article-title":"Vasopressor use after noncardiac surgery: An international observational study","volume":"135","author":"Jammer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15802","article-title":"A double-blind randomised feasibility trial of angiotensin-2 in cardiac surgery","volume":"77","author":"Coulson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0024","article-title":"The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cardiac surgery and angiotensin II therapy for vasoplegia","author":"Zarbock","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_237_16","article-title":"Methylene blue for postcardiopulmonary bypass vasoplegic syndrome: A cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Mazzeffi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0026","article-title":"Vasoplegic syndrome in cardiac surgery: Bridging therapeutic gaps with best practices and future research","volume":"40","author":"Unic-Stojanovic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Interdiscip Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1616325","article-title":"Levosimendan for hemodynamic support after cardiac surgery","volume":"376","author":"Landoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvae078","article-title":"Inotropes and mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock: An instrumental variable analysis from the SWEDEHEART registry","volume":"11","author":"Petursson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2025.03.011","article-title":"The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database: 2024 Update on national trends and outcomes","volume":"119","author":"Iribarne","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0030","first-page":"320","article-title":"Global cardiac surgical volume and gaps: Trends, targets, and ways forward","volume":"2","author":"Vervoort","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016_bib0031","unstructured":"European Society of Cardiology. European Atlas of Cardiology \u2013 Cardiac surgery; Hospitals with cardiac surgery (per million people). https:\/\/eatlas.escardio.org\/Atlas\/ESC-Atlas-of-Cardiology\/Cardiovascular-healthcare-delivery\/Cardiac-surgery\/ccr_cardsrg_1m_r-hospitals-with-cardiac-surgery-per-million-people. Accessed 10 March 2026."}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053077026003289?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053077026003289?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T03:50:01Z","timestamp":1786074601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053077026003289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1053077026003289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-0770"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-0770","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Current Practice in Post\u2013Cardiac Surgery Shock: A European Association of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Survey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.04.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}