{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:48:45Z","timestamp":1792097325177,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013331","name":"American Society of Anesthesiologists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jcardioanesthesia.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T22:42:51Z","timestamp":1789944171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ChatGPT Versus MediSearch: A Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Platforms for Patient Education in Cardiac Surgery and Cardiac Anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1053","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0474-7665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akshar P.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishan","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jahnavi","family":"Kakuturu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caryl F.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0001","unstructured":"Brown University Health. The evolution of heart surgery. Available at: https:\/\/www.brownhealth.org\/be-well\/evolution-heart-surgery. Accessed May 2, 2025."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0002","series-title":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, and Internet of Things (AIBThings)","first-page":"1","article-title":"ChatGPT and large language models in healthcare: opportunities and risks","author":"Ali","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0003","unstructured":"Creati.ai. MediSearch. Available at: https:\/\/creati.ai\/ai-tools\/medisearch\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com. Accessed December 8, 2024."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0004","unstructured":"Roth E. ChatGPT now has over 300 million weekly users. The Verge. Available at: https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2024\/12\/4\/24313097\/chatgpt-300-million-weekly-users?utm_source=chatgpt.com. Accessed December 8, 2024."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2023.101757","article-title":"A comparative analysis of AI-based chatbots: Assessing data quality in orthognathic surgery related patient information","volume":"125","author":"Yurdakurban","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofacial Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0006","article-title":"A comprehensive analysis and review of artificial intelligence in anaesthesia","volume":"15","author":"Singhal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0007","article-title":"Large language models for overcoming language barriers in obstetric anaesthesia: A structured assessment","volume":"60","author":"Lomas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Obstetr Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0008","article-title":"A patient-focused comparative analysis of large language models for epidural analgesia education","volume":"19","author":"Patel","year":"2025","journal-title":"A A Pract"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0009","unstructured":"Online-Utility. Readability calculator. Available at: https:\/\/www.online-utility.org\/english\/readability_test_and_improve.jsp. Accessed November 15, 2024."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0010","unstructured":"ClickHelp. Coleman-Liau index. Available at: https:\/\/clickhelp.com\/software-documentation-tool\/user-manual\/coleman-liau-index.html. Accessed November 15, 2024."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0011","unstructured":"ClickHelp. Flesch-Kincaid grade level. Available at: https:\/\/clickhelp.com\/software-documentation-tool\/user-manual\/flesch-kincaid-grade-level.html. Accessed November 15, 2024"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2023.09.009","article-title":"Evaluation of information from artificial intelligence on rotator cuff repair surgery","volume":"8","author":"Warren","year":"2024","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2024.100939","article-title":"ChatGPT-4 generates more accurate and complete responses to common patient questions about anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction than Google\u2019s search engine","volume":"6","author":"Gaudiani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.20240891","article-title":"Reliability and quality of information provided by artificial intelligence chatbots on post-contrast acute kidney injury: An evaluation of diagnostic, preventive, and treatment guidance","author":"Ozcan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0015","article-title":"Comparison of large language models in management advice for melanoma: Google\u2019s AI BARD, BingAI and ChatGPT","volume":"4","author":"Mu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Skin Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0016","unstructured":"The National Literacy Institute. Literacy statistics 2024-2025 (where we are now). Available at: https:\/\/www.thenationalliteracyinstitute.com\/post\/literacy-statistics-2024-2025-where-we-are-now. Accessed March 20, 2025."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032_bib0017","unstructured":"Kutner M, Greenberg E, Jin Y, et al. The health literacy of America\u2019s adults: Results from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy. Available at: https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/use-work\/resource-library\/report\/statistical-analysis-report\/health-literacy-americas-adults-results-2003-national-assessment-adult-literacy?pubid=2006483. Published 2006, Accessed January 2026."}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053077026009407?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053077026009407?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:40:23Z","timestamp":1792096823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053077026009407"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["S1053077026009407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-0770"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-0770","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"ChatGPT Versus MediSearch: A Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Platforms for Patient Education in Cardiac Surgery and Cardiac Anesthesia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jvca.2026.09.032","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}