{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T05:27:52Z","timestamp":1768454872048,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","semtcvspeds.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery: Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,6]],"date-time":"2007-09-06T16:43:48Z","timestamp":1189097028000},"page":"133-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Periventricular leukomalacia following neonatal and infant cardiac surgery"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"J.William","family":"Gaynor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503023320901","article-title":"Developmental and neurologic status of children after heart surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest or low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"332","author":"Bellinger","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.5.526","article-title":"Developmental and neurological status of children at 4 years of age after heart surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest or low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"1000","author":"Bellinger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-9091(99)80045-X","article-title":"Mechanisms of brain surgery during infant cardiac surgery","volume":"6","author":"du Plessis Adre","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1062-1458(00)00046-5","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes after complex infant heart surgery","volume":"9","author":"Mahle","year":"2000","journal-title":"ACC Curr J Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-9091(99)80042-4","article-title":"Developmental progress of children with congenital heart defects requiring open-heart surgery","volume":"6","author":"Majnemer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503023320901","article-title":"Developmental and neurologic status of children after heart surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest or low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"332","author":"Bellinger","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199310073291501","article-title":"A comparison of the perioperative neurologic effects of hypothermic circulatory arrest verses low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass in infant heart surgery","volume":"329","author":"Newburger","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl I","key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB8","first-page":"I-109","article-title":"An MRI study of neurological injury before and after congenital heart surgery","volume":"106","author":"Mahle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB9","unstructured":"Galli KK, Zimmerman RA, Jarvik G, et al: Periventricular leukomalacia is common following neonatal cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg (in press)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389400900411","article-title":"Long-term MRI changes in brain after pediatric open heart surgery","volume":"9","author":"Miller","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.85.6.991","article-title":"Acquired neuropathologic lesions associated with the hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"85","author":"Glauser","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1962.04210050022004","article-title":"Periventricular leukomalacia of infancy","volume":"7","author":"Banker","year":"1962","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70251-9","article-title":"Early detection of periventricular leukomalacia by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging techniques","volume":"134","author":"Inderi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.3.297","article-title":"Neurologic outcome of prematurity","volume":"55","author":"Volpe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(00)00172-7","article-title":"Neuromotor spectrum of periventricular leukomalacia in children born at term","volume":"23","author":"Miller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1998.tb15417.x","article-title":"White-matter disease of prematurity, periventricular leukomalacia, and ischemic lesions","volume":"40","author":"Kuban","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(96)00157-9","article-title":"Ventriculomegaly, delayed myleination, white matter hypoplasia, and \u201cperiventricular leukomalacia\u201d","volume":"15","author":"Leviton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB18","first-page":"759","article-title":"Multicystic encephalomalacia in term infants","volume":"12","author":"Frigieri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Child Nervous Sys"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.5.918","article-title":"Effects of hypocarbia on the development of cystic periventricular leukomalacia in premature infants treated with high-frequency jet ventilation","volume":"98","author":"Wiswell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)30012-X","article-title":"When cytokines get on your nerves","volume":"19","author":"Toulmond","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02178-8","article-title":"Effects of TNF-\u03b1 on immature and mature oligodendrocytes and their progenitors in vitro","volume":"864","author":"Cammer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550030047032","article-title":"Maternal infection and cerebral palsy in infants of normal birth weight","volume":"278","author":"Grether","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70292-5","article-title":"Prenatal and perinatal factors and cerebral palsy in very low birth weight infants","volume":"128","author":"Grether","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440413","article-title":"Neonatal cytokines and coagulation factors in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"44","author":"Nelson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70432-0","article-title":"Amniotic fluid inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-1b, and tumor necrosis factor-a), neonatal white matter lesions and cerebral palsy","volume":"177","author":"Yoon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70585-9","article-title":"Interleukin-6 concentrations in umbilical cord plasma are elevated in neonates with white matter lesions associated with periventricular leukomalacia","volume":"174","author":"Yoon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.104207","article-title":"Fetal exposure to an intra-amniotic inflammation and the development of cerebral palsy at the age of three years","volume":"182","author":"Yoon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.10.1278","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of periventricular leukomalacia","volume":"56","author":"Kadhim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.10009","article-title":"Neonatal encephalopathy in the term infant","volume":"8","author":"Foster-Barber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/1010-7940(91)90174-I","article-title":"Perioperative monitoring of total body water by bioelectrical impedance in children undergoing open-heart surgery","volume":"5","author":"Maehara","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2003.00112.x","article-title":"Plasma cytokines do not reflect expression of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA at organ level after cardiopulmonary bypass in neonatal pigs","volume":"47","author":"Brix-Christenson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Anes Scand"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.60.4.349","article-title":"Developmental sequence of periventricular leukomalacia","volume":"60","author":"Dubowitz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(96)00602-9","article-title":"Low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass produces greater pulmonary dysfunction than circulatory arrest","volume":"62","author":"Skaryak","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.8.2226","article-title":"Postoperative course and hemodynamic profile after the arterial switch operation in neonates and infants","volume":"92","author":"Wernovsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2002.121285","article-title":"Cardiac surgery with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest produces less systematic inflammatory response than low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass in newborns","volume":"123","author":"Tassani","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02767129","article-title":"Inter-individual variations in cytokine levels following cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"12","author":"Misoph","year":"1997","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"issue":"suppl S","key":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007_BIB37","first-page":"3160","article-title":"Neocortical white matter damage following deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in neonates","volume":"100","author":"Sheinkopf","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery: Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1092912604000080?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1092912604000080?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T20:27:02Z","timestamp":1761078422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1092912604000080"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004]]}},"alternative-id":["S1092912604000080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-9126"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-9126","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Periventricular leukomalacia following neonatal and infant cardiac surgery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery: Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}