{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T19:08:42Z","timestamp":1790968122564,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007880","name":"Johns Hopkins University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T07:55:23Z","timestamp":1601020523000},"page":"50-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Molecular events in the pathogenesis of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Deyin","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwole","family":"Fadare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0001","first-page":"7","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Siegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0002","series-title":"WHO Classification of Tumors of Female Reproductive Organs","author":"Kurman","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.08.003","article-title":"Recurrent genetic alterations and biomarker expression in primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva","volume":"92","author":"Xing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.21873\/cgp.20175","article-title":"Clonal relationship between lichen sclerosus, differentiated vulvar intra-epithelial neoplasia and non HPV-related vulvar squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Pouwer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Genomics Proteomics"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4880","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21144880","article-title":"Somatic mutation profiling in premalignant lesions of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Zieba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2016.02.015","article-title":"Squamous precursor lesions of the vulva: current classification and diagnostic challenges","volume":"48","author":"Hoang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13989","article-title":"Vulval squamous cell carcinoma and its precursors","volume":"76","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2020.01.029","article-title":"Trends in HPV-dependent and HPV-independent vulvar cancers: the changing face of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"157","author":"Eva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204162","article-title":"Prevalence of human papillomavirus and its prognostic value in vulvar cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2020.06.482","article-title":"Genomic characterization of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"158","author":"Prieske","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2018.03.003","article-title":"Vulvar cancer: two pathways with different localization and prognosis","volume":"149","author":"Hinten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0141-4","article-title":"Time series analysis of TP53 gene mutations in recurrent HPV-negative vulvar squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Regauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0013","article-title":"Response: letter regarding \u201cthe prognostic value of p16 and p53 expression for survival after vulvar cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis\u201d","volume":"30","author":"Sand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0b013e31823eed4c","article-title":"Prognostic role of lymph node metastases in vulvar cancer and implications for adjuvant treatment","volume":"22","author":"Woelber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2019.02.007","article-title":"Lymph node ratio in inguinal lymphadenectomy for squamous cell vulvar cancer: results from the AGO-CaRE-1 study","volume":"153","author":"Polterauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1995.1151","article-title":"The importance of the groin node status for the survival of T1 and T2 vulval carcinoma patients","volume":"57","author":"Burger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2763","article-title":"Awakening guardian angels: drugging the p53 pathway","volume":"9","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001008","article-title":"TP53 mutations in human cancers: origins, consequences, and clinical use","volume":"2","author":"Olivier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-020-0251-x","article-title":"Context is everything: extrinsic signalling and gain-of-function p53 mutants","volume":"6","author":"Amelio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2017.05.018","article-title":"Analysis of full coding sequence of the TP53 gene in invasive vulvar cancers: implications for therapy","volume":"146","author":"Kashofer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjaa040","article-title":"Gain-of-function mutant p53 in cancer progression and therapy","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001107","article-title":"Mutant p53 gain-of-function in cancer","volume":"2","author":"Oren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1108","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2014.75","article-title":"Unequal prognostic potentials of p53 gain-of-function mutations in human cancers associate with drug-metabolizing activity","volume":"5","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0b013e3182184c7a","article-title":"Role of TP53 mutations in vulvar carcinomas","volume":"30","author":"Choschzick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601444","article-title":"TP53 mutations in vulval lichen sclerosus adjacent to squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva","volume":"89","author":"Rolfe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700889","article-title":"Single base instability is promoted in vulvar lichen sclerosus","volume":"127","author":"Tapp","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4501","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-3230","article-title":"Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) as two diseases: HPV status identifies distinct mutational profiles including oncogenic fibroblast growth factor receptor 3","volume":"23","author":"Weberpals","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6781","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-1302","article-title":"Genomic characterization of vulvar (pre)cancers identifies distinct molecular subtypes with prognostic significance","volume":"23","author":"Nooij","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2018.06.026","article-title":"Somatic mutation profiling of vulvar cancer: exploring therapeutic targets","volume":"150","author":"Zieba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0030","article-title":"Targeting p53 for the treatment of cancer","author":"Duffy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0031","article-title":"Drugging \u201cundruggable\u201d genes for cancer treatment: are we making progress?","author":"Duffy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401664","article-title":"The CDKN2A (p16) gene and human cancer","volume":"3","author":"Foulkes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.51.146","article-title":"The p16INK4a-RB pathway: molecular link between cellular senescence and tumor suppression","volume":"51","author":"Ohtani","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Invest"},{"issue":"6698","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1038\/25867","article-title":"p14ARF links the tumour suppressors RB and p53","volume":"395","author":"Bates","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0035","series-title":"SGO Annual Meeting on Women's Cancer","article-title":"Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: comprehensive genomic profiling of HPV(+) versus HPV(-) forms reveals a different set of potentially actionable biomarkers","author":"Williams","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e442","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2017.265","article-title":"Mutational signatures and chromosome alteration profiles of squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva","volume":"50","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw242","article-title":"The forgotten woman\u2019s cancer: vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) and a targeted approach to therapy","volume":"27","author":"Clancy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12034","article-title":"Pathways of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"62","author":"Del Pino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2014.07.094","article-title":"CDKN2A(p16) and HRAS are frequently mutated in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"135","author":"Trietsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4770","article-title":"Cdkn2a suppresses metastasis in squamous cell carcinomas induced by the gain-of-function mutant p53(R172H)","volume":"240","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-2019-000793","article-title":"Association of human papilloma virus status and response to radiotherapy in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"30","author":"Proctor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2018.08.002","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infection mediates response and outcome of vulvar squamous cell carcinomas treated with radiation therapy","volume":"151","author":"Horne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2016.05.019","article-title":"Prognostic importance of human papillomavirus (HPV) and p16 positivity in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva treated with radiotherapy","volume":"142","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.06.002","article-title":"Regulation of mTORC1 by PI3K signaling","volume":"25","author":"Dibble","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11818","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1716173114","article-title":"Twenty-five years of mTOR: uncovering the link from nutrients to growth","volume":"114","author":"Sabatini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0046","first-page":"153","article-title":"Oncogenic roles of the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR axis","volume":"407","author":"Aoki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.08.003","article-title":"Cancer-associated PIK3CA mutations in overgrowth disorders","volume":"24","author":"Madsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.02.141","article-title":"The biology and clinical relevance of the PTEN tumor suppressor pathway","volume":"22","author":"Sansal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5308","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5308.1943","article-title":"PTEN, a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase gene mutated in human brain, breast, and prostate cancer","volume":"275","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5443","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2008.241","article-title":"PTEN: a new guardian of the genome","volume":"27","author":"Yin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0051","first-page":"3228","article-title":"Somatic mutation of PTEN in vulvar cancer","volume":"6","author":"Holway","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0052","article-title":"Molecular characterization of invasive and in situ squamous neoplasia of the vulva and implications for morphologic diagnosis and outcome","author":"Tessier-Cloutier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1108","article-title":"Comparative molecular profiling of HPV-induced squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"6","author":"Koncar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2017.05.011","article-title":"Identification of molecular targets in vulvar cancers","volume":"146","author":"Palisoul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-10-71","article-title":"PIK3CA-mediated PI3-kinase signalling is essential for HPV-induced transformation in vitro","volume":"10","author":"Henken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Cancer"},{"issue":"7488","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12881","article-title":"Landscape of genomic alterations in cervical carcinomas","volume":"506","author":"Ojesina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3776","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28288","article-title":"Oncogenic mutations in cervical cancer: genomic differences between adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix","volume":"119","author":"Wright","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4735","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-0323","article-title":"Subtypes of HPV-positive head and neck cancers are associated with HPV characteristics, copy number alterations, PIK3CA mutation, and pathway signatures","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001042","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing reveals recurrent somatic mutations in small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix","volume":"42","author":"Xing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4240","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.8.4240","article-title":"New insights into tumor suppression: PTEN suppresses tumor formation by restraining the phosphoinositide 3-kinase\/AKT pathway","volume":"96","author":"Cantley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0573-5","article-title":"Differentiated exophytic vulvar intraepithelial lesion: clinicopathologic and molecular analysis documenting its relationship with verrucous carcinoma of the vulva","volume":"33","author":"Akbari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2011.05.004","article-title":"Akt signalling in health and disease","volume":"23","author":"Hers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0898-6568(01)00271-6","article-title":"The protein kinase B\/Akt signalling pathway in human malignancy","volume":"14","author":"Nicholson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2014.00064","article-title":"Targeting PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling in cancer","volume":"4","author":"Porta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117481","article-title":"Targeting PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling pathway by polyphenols: implication for cancer therapy","volume":"255","author":"Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-01161-6","article-title":"Alpelisib: first global approval","volume":"79","author":"Markham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.09.050","article-title":"A phase 1b study of cetuximab and BYL719 (alpelisib) concurrent with intensity modulated radiation therapy in stage III-IVB head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"106","author":"Dunn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2006.10.001","article-title":"Roles of the Raf\/MEK\/ERK pathway in cell growth, malignant transformation and drug resistance","volume":"1773","author":"McCubrey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7996","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1509123112","article-title":"Ras-GTP dimers activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway","volume":"112","author":"Nan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-4790","article-title":"Advances in targeting the Ras\/Raf\/MEK\/Erk mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade with MEK inhibitors for cancer therapy","volume":"14","author":"Friday","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)00933-8","article-title":"Activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma by Ras","volume":"12","author":"Suire","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-3682","article-title":"The frequency of Ras mutations in cancer","volume":"80","author":"Prior","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2011.02.035","article-title":"Constitutively active Harvey Ras confers resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapy with cetuximab and gefitinib","volume":"306","author":"Luwor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2011.645805","article-title":"Targeting the MAPK-RAS-RAF signaling pathway in cancer therapy","volume":"16","author":"Santarpia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.4.8.1869","article-title":"Modeling resistance to pathway-targeted therapy in ovarian cancer","volume":"4","author":"Xing","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6936","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502256102","article-title":"A genetically defined mouse ovarian carcinoma model for the molecular characterization of pathway-targeted therapy and tumor resistance","volume":"102","author":"Xing","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0782-4","article-title":"Mechanisms of receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer","volume":"17","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90801-K","article-title":"Signal transduction by receptors with tyrosine kinase activity","volume":"61","author":"Ullrich","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0792-2","article-title":"Receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream pathways as druggable targets for cancer treatment: the current arsenal of inhibitors","volume":"17","author":"Montor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1360","article-title":"The discovery of receptor tyrosine kinases: targets for cancer therapy","volume":"4","author":"Gschwind","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2011.12.001","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 in urothelial tumorigenesis","volume":"31","author":"Iyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12090","article-title":"HER2 amplification in squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva","volume":"62","author":"Choschzick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.07.038","article-title":"Decreased survival in EGFR gene amplified vulvar carcinoma","volume":"111","author":"Growdon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.06.028","article-title":"Phase II trial of erlotinib in women with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva","volume":"127","author":"Horowitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000454","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: a subclassification of 97 cases by clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features (p16, p53, and EGFR)","volume":"39","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp-2010-079806","article-title":"EGFR gene copy number increase in vulvar carcinomas is linked with poor clinical outcome","volume":"65","author":"Woelber","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.07.035","article-title":"EGFR expression is associated with groin node metastases in vulvar cancer, but does not improve their prediction","volume":"104","author":"Oonk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2014.01.015","article-title":"EGFR expression in vulvar cancer: clinical implications and tumor heterogeneity","volume":"45","author":"de Melo Maia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1997.4660","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor receptor in vulvar malignancies and its relationship to metastasis and patient survival","volume":"65","author":"Johnson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111855","article-title":"Oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions of Notch in cancer: it\u2019s NOTCH what you think","volume":"208","author":"Lobry","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2013.09.021","article-title":"New insights into Notch1 regulation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR1 signaling axis: targeted therapy of gamma-secretase inhibitor resistant T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"26","author":"Hales","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9006","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-1320","article-title":"FBXW7\/hCDC4 is a general tumor suppressor in human cancer","volume":"67","author":"Akhoondi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09414.x","article-title":"BAP1, a candidate tumor suppressor protein that interacts with BRCA1","volume":"886","author":"Jensen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-1573","article-title":"BAP1 is a novel target in HPV-negative head and neck cancer","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.02.017","article-title":"Genomic analyses reveal mutational signatures and frequently altered genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"96","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12722","article-title":"Somatic alteration and depleted nuclear expression of BAP1 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"106","author":"Mori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"issue":"7035","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03445","article-title":"Targeting the DNA repair defect in BRCA mutant cells as a therapeutic strategy","volume":"434","author":"Farmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30469-2","article-title":"Olaparib tablets as maintenance therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed ovarian cancer and a BRCA1\/2 mutation (SOLO2\/ENGOT-Ov21): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"18","author":"Pujade-Lauraine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw133","article-title":"Olaparib monotherapy in patients with advanced relapsed ovarian cancer and a germline BRCA1\/2 mutation: a multistudy analysis of response rates and safety","volume":"27","author":"Matulonis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30376-X","article-title":"Overall survival in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent serous ovarian cancer receiving olaparib maintenance monotherapy: an updated analysis from a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 2 trial","volume":"17","author":"Ledermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43653","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17613","article-title":"Biological and clinical evidence for somatic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 as predictive markers for olaparib response in high-grade serous ovarian cancers in the maintenance setting","volume":"8","author":"Dougherty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2760","article-title":"Pan-cancer patterns of somatic copy number alteration","volume":"45","author":"Zack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"7283","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08822","article-title":"The landscape of somatic copy-number alteration across human cancers","volume":"463","author":"Beroukhim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600112","article-title":"Genetic aberrations detected by comparative genomic hybridisation in vulvar cancers","volume":"86","author":"Allen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2011.11.014","article-title":"Role of cyclin D1 amplification and expression in vulvar carcinomas","volume":"43","author":"Choschzick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000388","article-title":"SOX2 gene amplification and overexpression is linked to HPV-positive vulvar carcinomas","volume":"37","author":"Gut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2008.056275","article-title":"Gains of chromosome region 3q26 in intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva are frequent and independent of HPV status","volume":"61","author":"Aulmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880321","article-title":"Loss in 3p and 4p and gain of 3q are concomitant aberrations in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva","volume":"14","author":"Jee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605589","article-title":"High-resolution genomic profiling of human papillomavirus-associated vulval neoplasia","volume":"102","author":"Purdie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4542","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1633","article-title":"Molecular heterogeneity in human papillomavirus-dependent and -independent vulvar carcinogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Swarts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.04586","article-title":"Array-based comparative genomic hybridization identifies localized DNA amplifications and homozygous deletions in pancreatic cancer","volume":"7","author":"Bashyam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-2929","article-title":"MMP13, Birc2 (cIAP1), and Birc3 (cIAP2), amplified on chromosome 9, collaborate with p53 deficiency in mouse osteosarcoma progression","volume":"69","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5700","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.300","article-title":"Rb inactivation accelerates neoplastic growth and substitutes for recurrent amplification of cIAP1, cIAP2 and Yap1 in sporadic mammary carcinoma associated with p53 deficiency","volume":"29","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-012-1268-1","article-title":"BIRC2 amplification in squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix","volume":"461","author":"Choschzick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgp220","article-title":"Epigenetics in cancer","volume":"31","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1024","article-title":"Cancer as an epigenetic disease: DNA methylation and chromatin alterations in human tumours","volume":"196","author":"Esteller","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5400","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205651","article-title":"DNA methylation in cancer: too much, but also too little","volume":"21","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25629","article-title":"Differential hypermethylation of genes in vulvar cancer and lichen sclerosus coexisting or not with vulvar cancer","volume":"128","author":"Guerrero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.1373","article-title":"Association of retinoic acid receptor beta gene with onset and progression of lichen sclerosus-associated vulvar squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"154","author":"Rotondo","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.1336","article-title":"Hypermethylation-induced inactivation of the IRF6 gene as a possible early event in progression of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma associated with lichen sclerosus","volume":"152","author":"Rotondo","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0b013e3182457fcc","article-title":"Promoter hypermethylation of death-associated protein kinase and p16 genes in vulvar lichen sclerosus","volume":"16","author":"Aide","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1053\/hupa.2002.129415","article-title":"Alterations of the p16\/Rb\/cyclin-D1 pathway in vulvar carcinoma, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, and lichen sclerosus","volume":"33","author":"Lerma","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2014.11.002","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic changes in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions: a review of the current literature","volume":"136","author":"Trietsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0124","first-page":"15442","article-title":"Aberrant promoter methylation of SH3GL2 gene in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma correlates with clinicopathological characteristics and HPV infection status","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.01.013","article-title":"Identification of inguinofemoral lymph node metastases by methylation markers in vulvar cancer","volume":"125","author":"Oonk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2013.03.007","article-title":"The role of miRNAs in regulating gene expression networks","volume":"425","author":"Gurtan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-019-0311-8","article-title":"Cellular functions of long noncoding RNAs","volume":"21","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0128","first-page":"437","article-title":"Cancer-related microRNAs and their role as tumor suppressors and oncogenes in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Gailhouste","year":"2013","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2012.07.001","article-title":"MicroRNAs function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes: aberrant expression of microRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"40","author":"Nohata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0130","first-page":"72","article-title":"MicroRNAs: oncogenes, tumor suppressors or master regulators of cancer heterogeneity?","volume":"1805","author":"Voorhoeve","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15004","DOI":"10.1038\/sigtrans.2015.4","article-title":"The role of MicroRNAs in human cancer","volume":"1","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0121","article-title":"microRNA portraits in human vulvar carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"de Melo Maia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res (Phila)"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49217","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.10247","article-title":"MiR-223-5p works as an oncomiR in vulvar carcinoma by TP63 suppression","volume":"7","author":"de Melo Maia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1010428317717140","article-title":"Normalizers for microRNA quantification in plasma of patients with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia lesions and vulvar carcinoma","volume":"39","author":"Zalewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tumour Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0135","first-page":"1689","article-title":"MicroRNA47125p promotes proliferation of the vulvar squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431 by targeting PTEN through the AKT\/cyclin D1 signaling pathways","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0136","first-page":"6397","article-title":"miR3147 serves as an oncomiR in vulvar squamous cell cancer via Smad4 suppression","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2015.4344","article-title":"miRNA expression profile of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and identification of the oncogenic role of miR-590-5p","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85058","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13187","article-title":"Expressions of miR-30c and let-7a are inversely correlated with HMGA2 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva","volume":"7","author":"Agostini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.369","article-title":"An autoimmune phenotype in vulvar lichen sclerosus and lichen planus: a Th1 response and high levels of microRNA-155","volume":"132","author":"Terlou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.01.049","article-title":"MiR-155-5p promotes fibroblast cell proliferation and inhibits FOXO signaling pathway in vulvar lichen sclerosis by targeting FOXO3 and CDKN1B","volume":"653","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0141","article-title":"Exosomal lncRNA UCA1 from cancer-associated fibroblasts enhances chemoresistance in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma cells","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2016.5075","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA expression profile in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance","volume":"36","author":"Ni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.6326","article-title":"Genetic basis for PD-L1 expression in squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix and vulva","volume":"2","author":"Howitt","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"54","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92890","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.21641","article-title":"Tumoral PD-L1 expression defines a subgroup of poor-prognosis vulvar carcinomas with non-viral etiology","volume":"8","author":"Hecking","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13723","article-title":"PD-L1 and IDO expression in cervical and vulvar invasive and intraepithelial squamous neoplasias: implications for combination immunotherapy","volume":"74","author":"Chinn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89903","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20911","article-title":"PD-L1 expression on immune cells is a favorable prognostic factor for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma patients","volume":"8","author":"Sznurkowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-018-2364-7","article-title":"PD-L1 receptor expression in vulvar carcinomas is HPV-independent","volume":"473","author":"Choschzick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-020-02759-y","article-title":"Immune checkpoint status and tumor microenvironment in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"477","author":"Cocks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-019-02915-1","article-title":"Clinical impact of PD-L1 and PD-1 expression in squamous cell cancer of the vulva","volume":"145","author":"Thangarajah","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-019-0433-3","article-title":"Looking past PD-L1: expression of immune checkpoint TIM-3 and its ligand galectin-9 in cervical and vulvar squamous neoplasia","volume":"33","author":"Curley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001506","article-title":"Loss of MHC class I expression in HPV-associated cervical and vulvar neoplasia: a potential mechanism of resistance to checkpoint inhibition","volume":"44","author":"Dibbern","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000595","article-title":"New treatment standards for vulvar cancer 2020","volume":"32","author":"Woelber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2020.05.034","article-title":"Genes, pathways and vulvar carcinoma - new insights from next-generation sequencing studies","volume":"158","author":"Zieba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-020-03226-6","article-title":"Molecular pathways in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: implications for target therapeutic strategies","volume":"146","author":"Giulia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740257020300848?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0740257020300848?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T19:22:40Z","timestamp":1760037760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0740257020300848"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":154,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0740257020300848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-2570"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-2570","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Molecular events in the pathogenesis of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semdp.2020.09.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}