{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T10:45:59Z","timestamp":1772793959798,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]],"date-time":"2011-05-01T09:40:59Z","timestamp":1304242859000},"page":"S4-S11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Bendamustine: Rescue of an Effective Antineoplastic Agent From the Mid-Twentieth Century"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Lorenzo M.","family":"Leoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib1","first-page":"1013","article-title":"IMET 3393, \u03b3-[1-methyl-5-bis(\u03b2-chloroethyl)-amino-benzimidazolyl-2]-butyric acid hydrochloride, a new cytostatic agent from among the series of benzimidazole mustard compounds","volume":"110","author":"Ozegowski","year":"1971","journal-title":"Zbl Pharma"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.7252","article-title":"Bendamustine: rebirth of an old drug","volume":"27","author":"Cheson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-1061","article-title":"Bendamustine (Treanda) displays a distinct pattern of cytotoxicity and unique mechanistic features compared with other alkylating agents","volume":"14","author":"Leoni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/00001813-199606000-00007","article-title":"Bendamustine hydrochloride activity against doxorubicin-resistant human breast carcinoma cell lines","volume":"7","author":"Strumberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anticancer Drugs"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-002-0331-8","article-title":"Cytotoxic efficacy of bendamustine in human leukemia and breast cancer cell lines","volume":"128","author":"Konstantinov","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00952","article-title":"DNA repair","volume":"117","author":"Fleck","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2900","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-1719","article-title":"Mechanisms of chemoresistance to alkylating agents in malignant glioma","volume":"14","author":"Sarkaria","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10472","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-1495","article-title":"Sensitization of human carcinoma cells to alkylating agents by small interfering RNA suppression of 3-alkyladenine-DNA glycosylase","volume":"65","author":"Paik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-006-0331-5","article-title":"Characterization of two phase I metabolites of bendamustine in human liver microsomes and in cancer patients treated with bendamustine hydrochloride","volume":"59","author":"Teichert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.105.003624","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of some new phase II metabolites of the alkylator bendamustine and their identification in human bile, urine, and plasma from patients with cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"33","author":"Teichert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"issue":"Suppl 13","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1053\/sonc.2002.34872","article-title":"Metabolism and mechanisms of action of bendamustine: rationales for combination therapies","volume":"29","author":"Gandhi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3816\/CLML.2010.n.002","article-title":"Optimal use of bendamustine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and multiple myeloma: treatment recommendations from an international consensus panel","volume":"10","author":"Cheson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-04-1258","article-title":"Randomized phase 2 study of fludarabine with concurrent versus sequential treatment with rituximab in symptomatic, untreated patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results from Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9712 (CALGB 9712)","volume":"101","author":"Byrd","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib14","first-page":"1357","article-title":"Efficacy of bendamustine in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of a phase I\/II study of the German CLL Study Group","volume":"90","author":"Bergmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-002-0378-6","article-title":"High rates of long-lasting remissions after 5-day bendamustine chemotherapy cycles in pre-treated low-grade non-Hodgkin's-lymphomas","volume":"128","author":"Bremer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.5070","article-title":"Bendamustine in patients with rituximab-refractory indolent and transformed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results from a phase II multicenter, single-agent study","volume":"26","author":"Friedberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/00001813-200110000-00003","article-title":"Efficacy and toxicity of bendamustine in patients with relapsed low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas","volume":"12","author":"Heider","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anticancer Drugs"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24714","article-title":"Bendamustine is effective therapy in patients with rituximab-refractory, indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: results from a Multicenter Study","volume":"116","author":"Kahl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s004320000180","article-title":"Bendamustine monotherapy in advanced and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"127","author":"Kath","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4378","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.20.8389","article-title":"Phase III randomized study of bendamustine compared with chlorambucil in previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"27","author":"Knauf","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib21","first-page":"1287","article-title":"The efficacy and toxicity of bendamustine in recurrent multiple myeloma after high-dose chemotherapy","volume":"90","author":"Knop","year":"2005","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-005-0050-z","article-title":"Phase-I\/II study to evaluate dose limiting toxicity, maximum tolerated dose, and tolerability of bendamustine HCl in pre-treated patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (Binet stages B and C) requiring therapy","volume":"132","author":"Lissitchkov","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib23","article-title":"Bendamustine vs fludarabine as second-line treatment for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia\u2014first interim results of a randomized study","volume":"19","author":"Niederle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-005-0074-4","volume":"132","author":"P\u00f6nisch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2010.01633.x","article-title":"Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of bendamustine hydrochloride in relapsed or refractory indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma","volume":"101","author":"Ogura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-010-1254-8","article-title":"Bendamustine pharmacokinetic profile and exposure-response relationships in patients with indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"66","author":"Owen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V112.11.330.330","article-title":"Bendamustine in combination with rituximab (BR) for patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): a multicenter phase II trial of the German CLL Study Group (GCLLSG)","volume":"112","author":"Fischer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V114.22.2681.2681","article-title":"Bendamustine produces durable responses with an acceptable long-term safety profile in patients with rituximab-refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"114","author":"Cheson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4473","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.17.0001","article-title":"Phase II multicenter study of bendamustine plus rituximab in patients with relapsed indolent B-cell and mantle cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"26","author":"Robinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.08.100","article-title":"Bendamustine plus rituximab is effective and has a favorable toxicity profile in the treatment of mantle cell and low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"23","author":"Rummel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V114.22.405.405","volume":"114","author":"Rummel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib32","article-title":"In vitro and ex vivo activity of SDX-105 (bendamustine) in drug-resistant lymphoma cells","volume":"45","author":"Leoni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 13","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1053\/sonc.2002.34875","article-title":"Bendamustine in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results and future perspectives","volume":"29","author":"Aivado","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdf189","article-title":"Bendamustine is effective in relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"13","author":"Weidmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0037196311000242?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0037196311000242?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T06:20:54Z","timestamp":1758522054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0037196311000242"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0037196311000242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-1963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-1963","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bendamustine: Rescue of an Effective Antineoplastic Agent From the Mid-Twentieth Century","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Hematology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2011.03.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}