{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:15:12Z","timestamp":1788344112429,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T01:58:55Z","timestamp":1646618335000},"page":"89-96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Treatment of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT)"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Gabarin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald M.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishac","family":"Nazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8046-7588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theodore E.","family":"Warkentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greinacher A, Thiele T, Warkentin TE, Weisser K, Kyrle P, Eichinger S. A prothrombotic thrombocytopenic disorder resembling heparin-induced thrombocytopenia following coronavirus-19 vaccination. DOI: 10.21203\/rs.3.rs-362354\/v1 Posted Mar 29, 2021 on Research Square [preprint server]","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-362354\/v1"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2104840","article-title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination","volume":"384","author":"Greinacher","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2104882","article-title":"Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination","volume":"384","author":"Schultz","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2105385","article-title":"Pathologic antibodies to platelet factor 4 after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination","volume":"384","author":"Scully","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-135-7-200110020-00009","article-title":"Delayed-onset heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis","volume":"135","author":"Warkentin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13813","article-title":"Autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"15","author":"Greinacher","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(96)00258-6","article-title":"A 14-year study of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"101","author":"Warkentin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2109908","article-title":"Clinical features of vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis","volume":"385","author":"Pavord","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00306-9","article-title":"Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia","volume":"9","author":"Klok","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-01-622787","article-title":"Warfarin-induced venous limb ischemia\/gangrene complicating cancer: a novel and clinically distinct syndrome","volume":"126","author":"Warkentin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1705454","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"378","author":"Garcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2020.1802414","article-title":"Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome refractory to high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin responsive to therapeutic plasma exchange","volume":"32","author":"James","year":"2021","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90985-9","article-title":"Unrecognized pulmonary embolism presenting as disseminated intravascular coagulation","volume":"76","author":"Stahl","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.018390","article-title":"Thromboembolic events among adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia in the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database","volume":"95","author":"Sarpatwari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13176","article-title":"How we treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: a consensus statement of the Canadian PNH Network and review of the national registry","volume":"102","author":"Patriquin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-10-709857","article-title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"129","author":"Joly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2021.05.018","article-title":"Spontaneous HIT syndrome: knee replacement, infection, and parallels with vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia","volume":"204","author":"Warkentin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0018","series-title":"Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","first-page":"24","article-title":"Clinical picture of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","author":"Warkentin","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0019","unstructured":"Warkentin TE, Cuker A. COVID-19: vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). UpToDate; 2021.Available: https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/covid-19-vaccine-induced-immune-thrombotic-thrombocytopenia-vitt. Accessed date 16 Mar 2022."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0020","unstructured":"Guidance produced from the Expert Haematology Panel (EHP) focused on syndrome of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia occurring after coronavirus vaccination. London (UK): British Society for Haematology; 2021. Available: https:\/\/b-s-h.org.uk\/about-us\/news\/guidance-produced-by-the-expert-haematology-panel-ehp-focussed-on-vaccine-induced-thrombosis-and-thrombocytopenia-vitt\/, Accessed date 16 Mar 2022."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0021","unstructured":"Guidance for clinical case management of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) following vaccination to prevent coronavirus disease (COVID-19). World Health Organization; 2021. Available: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/342999\/WHO-2019-nCoV-TTS-2021.1-eng.pdf. Accessed date 16 Mar 2022."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pai M, Chan B, Stall NM, et al.; Drugs & Biologics Clinical Practice Guidelines Working Group and the Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table. Vaccine induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) following adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccination. Ontario: Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table; 2021. Available: https:\/\/covid19-sciencetable.ca\/sciencebrief\/vaccine-induced-immune-thrombotic-thrombocytopenia-vitt-following-adenovirus-vector-covid-19-vaccination\/. Accessed date 16 Mar 2022.","DOI":"10.47326\/ocsat.2021.02.17.2.0"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1585-6182","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism and mild thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-1 vaccination","volume":"121","author":"Gabarin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107051","article-title":"Adjunct immune globulin for vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia","volume":"385","author":"Bourguignon","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V67.1.27.27","article-title":"A diagnostic test for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"67","author":"Sheridan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03974.x","article-title":"Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: towards standardization of platelet factor 4\/heparin antigen tests","volume":"8","author":"Greinacher","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1517\/14740330902778180","article-title":"Heparin-induced anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions: two distinct but overlapping syndromes","volume":"8","author":"Warkentin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"7873","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03744-4","article-title":"Antibody epitopes in vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopaenia","volume":"596","author":"Huynh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10306","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01608-1","article-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis after vaccination against COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre cohort study","volume":"398","author":"Perry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021011958","article-title":"Prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia after COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"138","author":"Tiede","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim AY, Woo W, Yon DK, et al. Thrombosis patterns and clinical outcome of COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2022 Mar 23;S1201-9712(22)00171-0. doi:10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.034. Online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.034"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2013.823946","article-title":"Anticoagulant failure in coagulopathic patients: PTT confounding and other pitfalls","volume":"13","author":"Warkentin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2011.1.143","article-title":"How I diagnose and manage HIT","volume":"2011","author":"Warkentin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/10760296211066945","article-title":"Caution in using the activated partial thromboplastin time to monitor argatroban in COVID-19 and vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT)","volume":"27","author":"Guy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0035","article-title":"GFHT proposals on the practical use of argatroban - With specifics regarding vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopaenia (VITT)","volume":"40","author":"Siguret","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-021-00362-y","article-title":"Experience of danaparoid to treat vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis, VITT","volume":"20","author":"Myllylahti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thromb J"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3641","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V122.21.3641.3641","article-title":"Effect of dabigatran and rivaroxaban on thrombomodulin mediated activation of protein C and thrombin activated fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI)- potential clinical implications","volume":"122","author":"Hoppensteadt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0038","first-page":"1076","article-title":"Antithrombin-independent thrombin inhibitors, but not direct factor Xa inhibitors, enhance thrombin generation in plasma through inhibition of thrombin-thrombomodulin-protein C system","volume":"106","author":"Furugohri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-9-199711010-00005","article-title":"The pathogenesis of venous limb gangrene associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"127","author":"Warkentin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.1.66","article-title":"Warfarin-induced skin necrosis and venous limb gangrene in the setting of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"164","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warkentin TE, Greinacher A, Koster A, Lincoff AM. Treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition) 2008;133(6 Suppl.):340S-80S.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0677"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2019.1636645","article-title":"High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a review","volume":"12","author":"Warkentin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Rev Hematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.03.050","article-title":"IVIg for treatment of severe refractory heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"152","author":"Padmanabhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1801799","article-title":"Intravenous immune globulin to prevent heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"378","author":"Warkentin","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15263","article-title":"Autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and venous limb gangrene following aortic dissection repair: in vitro and in vivo effects of intravenous immunoglobulin","volume":"59","author":"Arcinas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14411","article-title":"High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin to treat spontaneous heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Mohanty","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E906","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.210795","article-title":"Limb ischemia and pulmonary artery thrombosis after the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccine: a case of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia","volume":"193","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.279509","article-title":"Fatal exacerbation of ChadOx1-nCoV-19-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia syndrome after initial successful therapy with intravenous immunoglobulins - a rational for monitoring immunoglobulin G levels","author":"Douxfils","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021012479","article-title":"The use of IV immunoglobulin in the treatment of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia","volume":"138","author":"Uzun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021012819","article-title":"Cooling down VITT with IVIG","volume":"138","author":"Lentz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15105","article-title":"Use of intravenous immunoglobulin G to treat spontaneous heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"59","author":"Irani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2109465","article-title":"Therapeutic plasma exchange in vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia","volume":"385","author":"Patriquin","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0053","article-title":"Refractory vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) managed with delayed therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE)","author":"Major","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Apher"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-08-803031","article-title":"Normal plasma IgG inhibits HIT antibody-mediated platelet activation: implications for therapeutic plasma exchange","volume":"131","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V51.5.771.771","article-title":"Effect of corticosteroid therapy on the phagocytosis of antibodycoated platelets by human leukocytes","volume":"51","author":"Handin","year":"1978","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-220408","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in rituximab-treated patients: evidence for impaired humoral but inducible cellular immune response","volume":"80","author":"Bonelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-220604","article-title":"Rituximab, but not other antirheumatic therapies, is associated with impaired serological response to SARS- CoV-2 vaccination in patients with rheumatic diseases","volume":"80","author":"Spiera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0058","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine failure in a patient on rituximab therapy","volume":"5","author":"Chilimuri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12529","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12529","article-title":"Vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT)","volume":"5","author":"Makris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104263441704","article-title":"Temporal aspects of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"344","author":"Warkentin","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2112760","article-title":"Decline in pathogenic antibodies over time in VITT","volume":"385","author":"Sch\u00f6nborn","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9111344","article-title":"Complicated long term vaccine induced thrombotic immune thrombocytopenia-a case report","volume":"9","author":"G\u00fcnther","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0037196322000117?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0037196322000117?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T06:28:48Z","timestamp":1758522528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0037196322000117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0037196322000117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-1963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-1963","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Treatment of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Hematology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2022.03.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}