{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T05:42:16Z","timestamp":1695620536930},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Nuclear Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,30]],"date-time":"2008-05-30T08:22:38Z","timestamp":1212135758000},"page":"274-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography Evaluations of Patients With Central Motor Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"John P.","family":"Seibyl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib1","first-page":"III40","article-title":"Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"249","author":"Becker","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1006\/neur.1995.0011","article-title":"Olfactory testing as an aid in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: Development of optimal discrimination criteria","volume":"4","author":"Doty","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-8386","article-title":"Patterns of care for dysphagic patients with degenerative neurological diseases","volume":"21","author":"Sonies","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Speech Lang"},{"issue":"suppl 11","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20460","article-title":"Nonmotor complications in Parkinson's disease","volume":"20","author":"Adler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.3.811","article-title":"Early dopaminergic drug-induced hallucinations in parkinsonian patients","volume":"51","author":"Goetz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.59.2.144","article-title":"Multiple system atrophy presenting as parkinsonism: Clinical features and diagnostic criteria","volume":"59","author":"Albanese","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0333-3","article-title":"Prevalence of Parkinson's disease and other types of Parkinsonism","volume":"251","author":"Bergareche","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib8","first-page":"547","article-title":"Progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"14","author":"Duvoisin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2003.10.006","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of dementia syndromes","volume":"20","author":"Geldmacher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.3.369","article-title":"The evolution of diagnosis in early Parkinson disease","volume":"57","author":"Jankovic","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(05)70108-5","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"83","author":"Adler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.1.33","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease","volume":"56","author":"Gelb","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-004-0936-0","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation","volume":"318","author":"Breit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.7.1380","article-title":"Bilateral caudate and putamen grafts of embryonic mesencephalic tissue treated with lazaroids in Parkinson's disease","volume":"123","author":"Brundin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.12.8.1335","article-title":"Recent developments in the pharmacological treatment of Parkinson's disease","volume":"12","author":"Tuite","year":"2003","journal-title":"Expert Opin InvestDrugs"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib16","first-page":"720","article-title":"Drugs in development for Parkinson's disease","volume":"5","author":"Johnston","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Invest Drugs"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib17","first-page":"1044","article-title":"Pramipexole vs levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson disease: A 4-year randomized controlled trial","volume":"61","author":"Holloway","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"suppl 7","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10581","article-title":"How valid is dopamine transporter imaging as a surrogate marker in research trials in Parkinson's disease?","volume":"18","author":"Morrish","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000139870.14385.3C","article-title":"Beta-synuclein gene alterations in dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"63","author":"Ohtake","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245691","article-title":"PET examination of [11C]NNC 687 and [11C]NNC 756 as new radioligands for the D1-dopamine receptor","volume":"113","author":"Karlsson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(03)00028-2","article-title":"Loss of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits alpha4 and alpha7 in the cerebral cortex of Parkinson patients","volume":"9","author":"Burghaus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)03195-0","article-title":"Cigarette smoke and nicotine protect dopaminergic neurons against the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Parkinsonian toxin","volume":"984","author":"Parain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib23","first-page":"69","article-title":"PET and SPECT studies in Parkinson's disease","volume":"6","author":"Brooks","year":"1997","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib24","first-page":"237","article-title":"Imaging the vesicular monoamine transporter","volume":"86","author":"Frey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib25","article-title":"SPECT and PET imaging of the dopaminergic system in Parkinson's disease","volume":"247","author":"Brucke","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380407","article-title":"Decreased single-photon emission computed tomographic [123I]beta-CIT striatal uptake correlates with symptom severity in Parkinson's disease","volume":"38","author":"Seibyl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.1.231","article-title":"[123I] beta-CIT\/SPECT imaging demonstrates bilateral loss of dopamine transporters in hemi-Parkinson's disease","volume":"46","author":"Marek","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Imaging of dopamine transporters with iodine-123-beta-CIT and SPECT in Parkinson's disease","volume":"38","author":"Asenbaum","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2003.10.013","article-title":"PET and SPECT functional imaging in Parkinson's disease","volume":"5","author":"Antonini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2004.09.028","article-title":"Parkinson's disease: in vivo assessment of disease progression using positron emission tomography","volume":"134","author":"Au","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2003.08.008","article-title":"Assessment of neuroimaging techniques as biomarkers of the progression of Parkinson's disease","volume":"184","author":"Brooks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.3.314","article-title":"Measuring the rate of progression and estimating the preclinical period of Parkinson's disease with [18F]dopa PET","volume":"64","author":"Morrish","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020170019","article-title":"[123I]FP-CIT SPECT is a useful method to monitor the rate of dopaminergic degeneration in early-stage Parkinson's disease","volume":"108","author":"Winogrodzka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000149403.14458.7F","article-title":"The role of radiotracer imaging in Parkinson disease","volume":"64","author":"Ravina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib35","first-page":"1879","article-title":"Imaging of dopamine transporters with iodine-123-FP-CIT SPECT in healthy controls and patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"39","author":"Booij","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib36","first-page":"417","article-title":"Clinical impact of correlative [123I]-FP-CIT brain imaging and neurological findings in suspect Parkinson's disease","volume":"108","author":"Covelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiol Med (Torino)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10592","article-title":"Role of dopamine transporter imaging in routine clinical practice","volume":"18","author":"Marshall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.1042","article-title":"[(18)F]FDOPA and [(18)F]CFT are both sensitive PET markers to detect presynaptic dopaminergic hypofunction in early Parkinson's disease","volume":"40","author":"Rinne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib39","first-page":"1271","article-title":"Nigrostriatal dopaminergic imaging with iodine-123-beta CIT-FP\/SPECT and fluorine-18-FDOPA\/PET","volume":"38","author":"Tissingh","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2004.04.002","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of [99mTc]TRODAT-1 SPECT imaging in early Parkinson's disease","volume":"10","author":"Chou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410400609","article-title":"Presynaptic monoaminergic vesicles in Parkinson's disease and normal aging","volume":"40","author":"Frey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.2005.B0022","article-title":"Investigating the role of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT imaging in idiopathic Parkinson's disease","volume":"6","author":"Geng","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib43","first-page":"1453","article-title":"Test\/retest reproducibility of iodine-123-betaCIT SPECT brain measurement of dopamine transporters in Parkinson's patients","volume":"38","author":"Seibyl","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.01.011","article-title":"An automated method for the extraction of regional data from PET images","volume":"147","author":"Rusjan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib45","first-page":"283","article-title":"Reproducibility studies with 11C-DTBZ, a monoamine vesicular transporter inhibitor in healthy human subjects","volume":"40","author":"Chan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib46","first-page":"207","article-title":"Reproducibility of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT measurement of dopamine transporters in Parkinson's disease","volume":"45","author":"Hwang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200011000-00010","article-title":"Reproducibility and effect of levodopa on dopamine transporter function measurements: a [18F]CFT PET study","volume":"20","author":"Nurmi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02984583","article-title":"Reproducibility of dopamine transporter density measured with 123I-FPCIT SPECT in normal control and Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"18","author":"Tsuchida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.106.037432","article-title":"Optimized, automated striatal uptake analysis applied to SPECT brain scans of Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"48","author":"Zubal","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1994.131","article-title":"Graphical, kinetic, equilibrium analyses of in vivo [123I] beta-CIT binding to dopamine transporters in healthy human subjects","volume":"14","author":"Laruelle","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib51","first-page":"353","article-title":"The role of neuroimaging in the early diagnosis and evaluation of Parkinson's disease","volume":"96","author":"Seibyl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s002590000460","article-title":"The clinical benefit of imaging striatal dopamine transporters with [123I]FP-CIT SPET in differentiating patients with presynaptic parkinsonism from those with other forms of parkinsonism","volume":"28","author":"Booij","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440704","article-title":"The early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"44","author":"Brooks","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib54","first-page":"189","article-title":"The use of SPECT in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"51","author":"Emami-Avedon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/28.2.99","article-title":"Accuracy of diagnosis in patients with presumed Parkinson's disease","volume":"28","author":"Meara","year":"1999","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6977.447","article-title":"Parkinsonism\u2014recognition and differential diagnosis","volume":"310","author":"Quinn","year":"1995","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181","article-title":"Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: A clinico-pathological study of 100 cases","volume":"55","author":"Hughes","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.8.938","article-title":"Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease","volume":"56","author":"Rajput","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.13.1653","article-title":"Dopamine transporter brain imaging to assess the effects of pramipexole vs levodopa on Parkinson disease progression","volume":"287","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10609","article-title":"Slower progression of Parkinson's disease with ropinirole versus levodopa: The REAL-PET study","volume":"54","author":"Whone","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-0643-3_10","article-title":"Arguments for the use of dopamine receptor agonists in clinical and preclinical Parkinson's disease","volume":"65","author":"Gerlach","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-001-0110-x","article-title":"Neuroprotective and neurotoxic roles of levodopa (L-DOPA) in neurodegenerative disorders relating to Parkinson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Kostrzewa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib63","first-page":"1339","article-title":"Is altropane SPECT more sensitive to fluoroDOPA PET for detecting early Parkinson's disease?","volume":"7","author":"Fernandez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-003-1331-x","article-title":"Usefulness of brain 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPET for the evaluation of Parkinson's disease","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-002-0938-7","article-title":"Clinical impact of diagnostic SPET investigations with a dopamine re-uptake ligand","volume":"29","author":"Lokkegaard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"suppl 7","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10573","article-title":"Role of dopamine transporter imaging in investigation of parkinsonian syndromes in routine clinical practice","volume":"18","author":"Poewe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib67","first-page":"393","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT imaging in differentiating patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease from healthy subjects","volume":"45","author":"Weng","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.8.1224","article-title":"(123I) beta-CIT and single-photon emission computed tomographic imaging vs clinical evaluation in Parkinsonian syndrome: Unmasking an early diagnosis","volume":"61","author":"Jennings","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20112","article-title":"Impact of dopamine transporter SPECT using 123I-Ioflupane on diagnosis and management of patients with clinically uncertain Parkinsonian syndromes","volume":"19","author":"Catafau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-004-0140-0","article-title":"Presynaptic nigro-striatal function in a group of Alzheimer's disease patients with parkinsonism: Evidence from a dopamine transporter imaging study","volume":"111","author":"Ceravolo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000123248.39847.1D","article-title":"Striatal dopamine transporter in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson disease: a comparison","volume":"62","author":"Walker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.7.969","article-title":"Accuracy of the clinical diagnoses of Lewy body disease, Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy bodies: a clinicopathologic study","volume":"55","author":"Litvan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.11.1705","article-title":"Role of dopaminergic treatment in dopamine receptor down-regulation in advanced Parkinson disease: a positron emission tomographic study","volume":"61","author":"Thobois","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130311","article-title":"123I-beta-CIT and 123I-IBZM-SPECT scanning in levodopa-naive Parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Wenning","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.6.1206","article-title":"SPECT imaging of pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic alterations in L-dopa-untreated PD","volume":"52","author":"Ichise","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10042","article-title":"Combination of dopamine transporter and D2 receptor SPECT in the diagnostic evaluation of PD, MSA, PSP","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03618.x","article-title":"Neuroprotection for the new millennium","volume":"939","author":"Andrews","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20057","article-title":"A \u201ccure\u201d for Parkinson's disease: Can neuroprotection be proven with current trial designs?","volume":"19","author":"Clarke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.10.10.1855","article-title":"Neuroprotection for Parkinson's disease: A new approach for a new millennium","volume":"10","author":"Drukarch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Expert Opin Invest Drugs"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"II103","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00022910","article-title":"Preclinical (premotor) Parkinson's disease","volume":"24","author":"Wolters","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200101)16:1<41::AID-MDS1017>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Loss of olfaction in de novo and treated Parkinson's disease: possible implications for early diagnosis","volume":"16","author":"Tissingh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3237","DOI":"10.2174\/138161205774424744","article-title":"PET and SPECT exploration of central monoaminergic transporters for the development of new drugs and treatments in brain disorders","volume":"11","author":"Guilloteau","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"suppl 7","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib83","first-page":"vII9","article-title":"Neuroimaging trials of Parkinson's disease progression","volume":"251","author":"Seibyl","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360512","article-title":"Longitudinal fluorodopa positron emission tomographic studies of the evolution of idiopathic parkinsonism","volume":"36","author":"Vingerhoets","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000277648.63931.c0","article-title":"Mixed lineage kinase inhibitor CEP-1347 fails to delay disability in early Parkinson disease","volume":"69","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(97)00043-2","article-title":"Imaging D2 receptor occupancy by endogenous dopamine in humans","volume":"17","author":"Laruelle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9235","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.17.9235","article-title":"Single photon emission computerized tomography imaging of amphetamine-induced dopamine release in drug-free schizophrenic subjects","volume":"93","author":"Laruelle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000242888.30755.5d","article-title":"Clinical correlates of levodopa-induced dopamine release in Parkinson disease: A PET study","volume":"67","author":"Pavese","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02984618","article-title":"PET evaluation of the relationship between D2 receptor binding and glucose metabolism in patients with parkinsonism","volume":"19","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh290","article-title":"Levodopa-induced changes in synaptic dopamine levels increase with progression of Parkinson's disease: Implications for dyskinesias","volume":"127","author":"de la Fuente-Fernandez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199911)14:6<1025::AID-MDS1020>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Striatal D2 dopamine receptor status in Parkinson's disease: An [18F]dopa and [11C]raclopride PET study","volume":"14","author":"Dentresangle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9","article-title":"Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease","volume":"24","author":"Braak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-004-0956-9","article-title":"Stages in the development of Parkinson's disease-related pathology","volume":"318","author":"Braak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib94","first-page":"89","article-title":"Pathology associated with sporadic Parkinson's disease\u2014where does it end?","volume":"70","author":"Braak","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-199609030-00002","article-title":"Early detection of Parkinson's disease","volume":"9","author":"Di Paola","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.12.017","article-title":"Imaging in Parkinson's disease: the role of monoamines in behavior","volume":"59","author":"Brooks","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-999-0011-3","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric aspects of Parkinson's disease","volume":"1","author":"Aarsland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2004.02.002","article-title":"Treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease","volume":"10","author":"Sawabini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200101)16:1<124::AID-MDS1007>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"[123I]beta-CIT SPECT demonstrates decreased brain dopamine and serotonin transporter levels in untreated parkinsonian patients","volume":"16","author":"Haapaniemi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1623903","article-title":"[123I]beta-CIT SPECT imaging of dopamine and serotonin transporters in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy","volume":"42","author":"Berding","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nuklearmedizin"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01727.x","article-title":"Brain serotonin transporter binding in non-depressed patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"14","author":"Guttman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-005-0027-y","article-title":"Synthesis and positron emission tomography evaluation of three norepinephrine transporter radioligands: [C-11]desipramine, [C-11]talopram and [C-11]talsupram","volume":"8","author":"Schou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Imaging Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2006.10.018","article-title":"Development of SPECT imaging agents for the norepinephrine transporters: [123I]INER","volume":"17","author":"Tamagnan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.05.011","article-title":"Cognitive decline correlates with neuropathological stage in Parkinson's disease","volume":"248","author":"Braak","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21453","article-title":"Defining mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease","volume":"22","author":"Caviness","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0549-2","article-title":"Cognitive and SPECT characteristics predict progression of Parkinson's disease in newly diagnosed patients","volume":"251","author":"Dujardin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib107","first-page":"34","article-title":"Executive function in Parkinson's disease and subcortical disorders","volume":"4","author":"Elias","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000031426.21683.E2","article-title":"Cognitive impairments in advanced PD without dementia","volume":"59","author":"Green","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.8.1596","article-title":"A 10-year study of the incidence of and factors predicting dementia in Parkinson's disease","volume":"54","author":"Hughes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520270034017","article-title":"An estimate of the prevalence of dementia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease","volume":"45","author":"Mayeux","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib111","first-page":"339","article-title":"A profile analysis of demented and nondemented Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"69","author":"McFadden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440703","article-title":"The natural history of Parkinson's disease","volume":"44","author":"Poewe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe048305","article-title":"Parkinson's disease dementia\u2014a first step?","volume":"351","author":"Press","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(00)00197-2","article-title":"Central nicotinic receptors, neurotrophic factors and neuroprotection","volume":"113","author":"Belluardo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib115","first-page":"274","article-title":"The effects of nicotine on Parkinson's disease","volume":"43","author":"Kelton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib116","first-page":"97","article-title":"Nicotine and brain disorders","volume":"21","author":"Mihailescu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02996300","article-title":"Evaluation of radioiodinated 5-iodo-3-(2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine as a ligand for SPECT investigations of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"16","author":"Saji","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1379.015","article-title":"[123I]5-IA-85380 SPECT imaging of beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor availability in the aging human brain","volume":"1097","author":"Mitsis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410240415","article-title":"Rate of cell death in parkinsonism indicates active neuropathological process","volume":"24","author":"McGeer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-06-02651.1993","article-title":"Mechanisms of nitric oxide-mediated neurotoxicity in primary brain cultures","volume":"13","author":"Dawson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1089\/152308603322110896","article-title":"Peroxynitrite and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"5","author":"Ebadi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(99)00192-6","article-title":"Hydroxyl radical and superoxide dismutase in blood of patients with Parkinson's disease: relationship to clinical data","volume":"170","author":"Ihara","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410320714","article-title":"Oxidative stress as a cause of nigral cell death in Parkinson's disease and incidental Lewy body disease","volume":"32","author":"Jenner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-004-6243-4","article-title":"Oxidative stress level in circulating neutrophils is linked to neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"24","author":"Vitte","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10144","article-title":"Visualising microglial activation in vivo","volume":"40","author":"Banati","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s11068-004-0515-7","article-title":"Mitochondria in activated microglia in vitro","volume":"33","author":"Banati","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurocytol"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Nuclear Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001299808000469?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001299808000469?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T15:17:00Z","timestamp":1684423020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001299808000469"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0001299808000469"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2008.03.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-2998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-2998","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}}}