{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:18:13Z","timestamp":1792599493016,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Nuclear Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T01:37:01Z","timestamp":1678757821000},"page":"490-502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Parathyroid Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4886-0611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie Nicod","family":"Lalonde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9935-994X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Dias","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9565-4941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerasimos P.","family":"Sykiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklaus","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1816-3003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurice","family":"Matter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1429-1374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John O.","family":"Prior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2019.08.006","article-title":"Parathyroid Pathology","volume":"12","author":"Guilmette","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Pathol Clin"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-019-01751-8","article-title":"The prevalence and anatomy of parathyroid glands: a meta-analysis with implications for parathyroid surgery","volume":"404","author":"Taterra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4022","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism in a racially mixed population","volume":"98","author":"Yeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.09.012","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism: Effects on bone health","volume":"46","author":"Zanocco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2021.08.003","article-title":"Hereditary primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"50","author":"Newey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1000","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7039.1","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"5","author":"Bandeira","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496919866015","article-title":"Secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism: A narrative review","volume":"109","author":"van der Plas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31430-7","article-title":"Hyperparathyroidism","volume":"391","author":"Bilezikian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.0538","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"323","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3716-2","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism: Review and recommendations on evaluation, diagnosis, and management. A Canadian and international consensus","volume":"28","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02845-4","article-title":"A practical approach to normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"74","author":"Munoz de Nova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4677","article-title":"Evaluation and management of primary hyperparathyroidism: Summary statement and guidelines from the fifth international workshop","volume":"37","author":"Bilezikian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-008-0408-1","article-title":"Focused versus conventional parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism: a prospective, randomized, blinded trial","volume":"393","author":"Slepavicius","year":"2008","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2021.04.008","article-title":"Challenging NICE guidelines on parathyroid surgery","volume":"20","author":"Zammit","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2015.08.012","article-title":"Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy versus bilateral neck exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"25","author":"Laird","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg Oncol Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.106042","article-title":"The role of Rapid Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone (ioPTH) assay in determining outcome of parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Medas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12357","article-title":"The use of calcimimetics for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism: A 10 year evidence review","volume":"28","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.72","article-title":"Parathyroidectomy and survival among Japanese hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"88","author":"Komaba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2014.08.070","article-title":"Predictors of tertiary hyperparathyroidism: Who will benefit from parathyroidectomy?","volume":"156","author":"Dewberry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2017.06.009","article-title":"Parathyroidectomy for tertiary hyperparathyroidism: A systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10554","article-title":"Systematic review of surgical and medical treatment for tertiary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"104","author":"Dulfer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12801","article-title":"Total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation versus subtotal parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R21","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-19-0284","article-title":"The treatment of renal hyperparathyroidism","volume":"27","author":"Almquist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-015-1286-y","article-title":"Management of thyroid nodules incidentally discovered on MIBI scanning for primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"400","author":"Greilsamer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10040245","article-title":"Thyroid pathology in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis","volume":"10","author":"Cotoi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2017.04.01","article-title":"Concomitant thyroid disease and primary hyperparathyroidism in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy or thyroidectomy","volume":"6","author":"Wright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gland Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.04.007","article-title":"Parathyroid imaging: four-dimensional computed tomography, sestamibi, and ultrasonography","volume":"31","author":"Strauss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ13-0292","article-title":"Strategy of operative treatment of hyperparathyroidism using US scan and (99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT\/CT","volume":"61","author":"Noda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1870-5","article-title":"A meta-analysis of preoperative localization techniques for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"19","author":"Cheung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2006.07.028","article-title":"Improved preoperative planning for directed parathyroidectomy with 4-dimensional computed tomography","volume":"140","author":"Rodgers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015142393","article-title":"Parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasia on four-dimensional CT scans: Three patterns of enhancement relative to the thyroid gland justify a three-phase protocol","volume":"277","author":"Bahl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000001331","article-title":"Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of 4D CT and 99mTc-MIBI SPECT\/CT for localizing hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11040664","article-title":"Diagnostic role of four-dimensional computed tomography for preoperative parathyroid localization in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-016-1736-4","article-title":"Detection of parathyroid adenomas using a monophasic dual-energy computed tomography acquisition: diagnostic performance and potential radiation dose reduction","volume":"58","author":"Leiva-Salinas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.9738\/INTSURG-D-13-00225.1","article-title":"Vignette hyperparathyroidism: glimpse into its history","volume":"99","author":"Dorairajan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.109.4.714","article-title":"Experience with parathyroid scintigraphy","volume":"109","author":"Colella","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.125.3.634","article-title":"Experience in parathyroid scanning","volume":"125","author":"Arkles","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/00006231-198911000-00003","article-title":"99Tcm sestamibi\u2013a new agent for parathyroid imaging","volume":"10","author":"Coakley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(97)90046-5","article-title":"Sestamibi versus thallium subtraction scintigraphy in parathyroid localization: a prospective comparative study in patients with predominantly mild primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"121","author":"Bergenfelz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2001.118371","article-title":"In vitro accumulation of technetium-99m-sestamibi in human parathyroid mitochondria","volume":"130","author":"Hetrakul","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0041","first-page":"1801","article-title":"Detection and localization of parathyroid adenomas in patients with hyperparathyroidism using a single radionuclide imaging procedure with technetium-99m-sestamibi (double-phase study)","volume":"33","author":"Taillefer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0042","first-page":"1441","article-title":"Preoperative localization of parathyroid lesions in hyperparathyroidism: relationship between technetium-99m-MIBI uptake and oxyphil cell content","volume":"39","author":"Carpentier","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-021-01681-w","article-title":"Clinicopathological variables that correlate with sestamibi positivity in uniglandular parathyroid disease: a retrospective analysis of 378 parathyroid adenomas","volume":"36","author":"Durmus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5882","article-title":"P-glycoprotein expression is associated with sestamibi washout in primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"94","author":"Gupta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0b013e32834bfeb1","article-title":"Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy in multigland disease","volume":"33","author":"Nichols","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0046","first-page":"S81","article-title":"The accuracy of 99m Tc-MIBI scintigraphy for preoperative parathyroid localization in primary and secondary-tertiary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"95","author":"Saengsuda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e3182a77d0d","article-title":"Advantages of pinhole collimator double-phase scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI in secondary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"38","author":"Fuster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0048","first-page":"1551","article-title":"Uptake of technetium-99m-tetrofosmin, technetium-99m-MIBI and thallium-201 in tumor cell lines","volume":"37","author":"Arbab","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0049","first-page":"831","article-title":"Technetium-99m-tetrofosmin for parathyroid scintigraphy: a comparison with sestamibi","volume":"38","author":"Fjeld","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-002-1030-z","article-title":"99mTc-tetrofosmin or 99mTc-sestamibi for double-phase parathyroid scintigraphy?","volume":"30","author":"Froberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129194","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of dual-isotope 99mTc-Tetrofosmin and 123I sodium iodide single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in hyperparathyroidism","volume":"10","author":"Sommerauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.107.048074","article-title":"Visualization of brown adipose tissue with 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile on SPECT\/CT","volume":"49","author":"Goetze","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0053","first-page":"E2159","article-title":"Detection rate of (99m) Tc-MIBI single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)\/CT in preoperative planning for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: A meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Treglia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-005-0279-3","article-title":"Sensitivity and utility of parathyroid scintigraphy in patients with primary versus secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"30","author":"Pham","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000001115","article-title":"Influence of multigland parathyroid disease on 99mTc-Sestamibi SPECT\/CT","volume":"41","author":"Nichols","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.107.040428","article-title":"Comparison of SPECT\/CT, SPECT, and planar imaging with single- and dual-phase (99m)Tc-sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy","volume":"48","author":"Lavely","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19989","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019989","article-title":"Is dual-phase SPECT\/CT with 99mTc-sestamibi better than single-phase SPECT\/CT for lesion localization in patients with hyperparathyroidism?","volume":"99","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.054858","article-title":"Preoperative 123I\/99mTc-sestamibi subtraction SPECT and SPECT\/CT in primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"49","author":"Neumann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21176","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021176","article-title":"The usefulness of maximum standardized uptake value at the delayed phase of Tc-99m sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography\/computed tomography for Identification of Parathyroid Adenoma and Hyperplasia","volume":"99","author":"Suh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000001474","article-title":"Quantitative analysis in parathyroid adenoma scintigraphy","volume":"43","author":"Havel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-022-01726-8","article-title":"Deep learning-based detection of parathyroid adenoma by (99m)Tc-MIBI scintigraphy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"36","author":"Yoshida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05334-y","article-title":"The EANM practice guidelines for parathyroid imaging","volume":"48","author":"Petranovic Ovcaricek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0212-6982(04)72315-0","article-title":"Impaired Tc-99m MIBI uptake in the thyroid and parathyroid glands during early phase imaging in hemodialysis patients","volume":"23","author":"Kiratli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Esp Med Nucl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2005.15.1299","article-title":"Definitive treatment for persistent hypoparathyroidism in a kidney transplant patient: Parathyroid allotransplantation","volume":"15","author":"Torregrosa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0b013e3283305df6","article-title":"Dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy to assess calcimimetic effect in patients on haemodialysis with secondary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"30","author":"Fuster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2004.06.047","article-title":"Effect of calcium channel blockers on the sensitivity of preoperative 99mTc-MIBI SPECT for hyperparathyroidism","volume":"136","author":"Friedman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-9932-z","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of (99m)Tc-MIBI scan in predicting the malignancy of thyroid nodules: A meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Treglia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-200003000-00017","article-title":"Sestamibi retention in reactive lymph node hyperplasia: A cause of false-positive parathyroid localization","volume":"25","author":"Leslie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-199504000-00025","article-title":"Tc-99m MIBI accumulation in remnant thymus. A cause of false-positive interpretation in parathyroid imaging","volume":"20","author":"Mudun","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rlu.0000205179.73356.9c","article-title":"Cervical paraganglioma mimicking a parathyroid adenoma on Tc-99m sestamibi scintigraphy","volume":"31","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e31816a795a","article-title":"Potential false positive Tc-99m sestamibi parathyroid study due to uptake in brown adipose tissue","volume":"33","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0072","first-page":"974","article-title":"Positron emission tomography with 11C-methionine in hyperparathyroidism","volume":"116","author":"Hellman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9746-4","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of positron emission tomography using (1)(1)C-methionine in patients with suspected parathyroid adenoma: a meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Caldarella","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000000216","article-title":"A comparison between 11C-methionine PET\/CT and MIBI SPECT\/CT for localization of parathyroid adenomas\/hyperplasia","volume":"36","author":"Hayakawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010188","article-title":"Usefulness of PET\/CT with Carbon-11-labeled methionine in the diagnosis of tertiary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"15","author":"Kolodziej","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3162","article-title":"Choline metabolism in malignant transformation","volume":"11","author":"Glunde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-012-0602-7","article-title":"The role of positron emission tomography using carbon-11 and fluorine-18 choline in tumors other than prostate cancer: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Treglia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e31824c5ffc","article-title":"Incidental finding of parathyroid adenoma with 11C-choline PET\/CT","volume":"37","author":"Mapelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-014-2837-0","article-title":"(1)(8)F-Fluorocholine PET\/CT for localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue in primary hyperparathyroidism: a pilot study","volume":"41","author":"Lezaic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-4123-z","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of choline PET for detection of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Treglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2021.0915","article-title":"Direct comparison of preoperative imaging modalities for localization of primary hyperparathyroidism: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"147","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.09.016","article-title":"Focused parathyroidectomy without intraoperative parathormone testing is safe after pre-operative localization with (18)F-Fluorocholine PET\/CT","volume":"43","author":"Hocevar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2019.0574","article-title":"Usefulness of 18F-Fluorocholine positron emission tomography-computed tomography in locating lesions in Hyperparathyroidism: A systematic review","volume":"145","author":"Boccalatte","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-020-01479-2","article-title":"Preoperative F-18 fluorocholine PET\/CT for the detection of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in patients with secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism: Comparison with Tc-99m sestamibi scan and neck ultrasound","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016160768","article-title":"(18)F Fluorocholine PET\/MR imaging in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and inconclusive conventional imaging: A prospective pilot study","volume":"284","author":"Kluijfhout","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000002230","article-title":"Tertiary hyperparathyroidism with renal osteodystrophy on 18F-Fluorocholine PET\/CT","volume":"43","author":"Broos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10100851","article-title":"(18)F-Fluorocholine PET\/CT, Tc-99m-MIBI and TC-99m-MDP SPECT\/CT in Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism with Renal Osteodystrophy","volume":"10","author":"Ferrari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-019-0583-9","article-title":"The role of (18)F-FCH PET\/CT in patients with uremic hyperparathyroidism compared with (99m)Tc-sestaMIBI SPECT\/CT and ultrasonography","volume":"9","author":"Xue","year":"2019","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1515\/raon-2015-0016","article-title":"Optimal scan time for evaluation of parathyroid adenoma with [(18)F]-fluorocholine PET\/CT","volume":"49","author":"Rep","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.225599","article-title":"Dual-Time-Point (18)F-Fluorocholine PET\/CT in parathyroid imaging","volume":"60","author":"Broos","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-4147-4","article-title":"Additional value of integrated (18)F-choline PET\/4D contrast-enhanced CT in the localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands and correlation with molecular profile","volume":"46","author":"Piccardo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0b013e328340c5a0","article-title":"Colchicine must be stopped before imaging with [18F]-methylcholine PET\/CT","volume":"31","author":"Roef","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2017.04.004","article-title":"PET\/CT with (18)F-choline: Physiological whole bio-distribution in male and female subjects and diagnostic pitfalls on 1000 prostate cancer patients: (18)F-choline PET\/CT bio-distribution and pitfalls. A southern Italian experience","volume":"51","author":"Calabria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucl Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2967\/jnmt.114.145433","article-title":"Oncocytic Adenoma of Thyroid Incidentally Detected by 18F-Fluorocholine PET\/CT","volume":"43","author":"Aziz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nucl Med Technol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1705-2","article-title":"Incidental focal thyroid uptake on (18)F-Choline PET-CT: need to rule out thyroid cancer","volume":"62","author":"Ciappuccini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000002947","article-title":"Incidental 18F-Fluorocholine uptake in an esophageal diverticulum: 18F-FCH in an esophageal diverticulum","volume":"45","author":"Araz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1751031","article-title":"Incidental findings on (18) F-Fluorocholine PET\/CT for parathyroid imaging","volume":"21","author":"Broos","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199311000-00024","article-title":"Parathyroid adenoma localization by PET FDG","volume":"17","author":"Neumann","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000340","article-title":"18F-FDG PET rarely provides additional information to 11C-methionine PET imaging in hyperparathyroidism","volume":"39","author":"Chicklore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-016-1425-0","article-title":"Use of PET tracers for parathyroid localization: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"401","author":"Kluijfhout","year":"2016","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2016.06.007","article-title":"Contribution of 18-FDG PET\/CT to brown tumor detection in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"84","author":"Gahier Penhoat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2015.03.026","article-title":"New scintigraphic methods for parathyroid imaging","volume":"76","author":"Prior","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2011.02.004","article-title":"The next generation of cardiac positron emission tomography imaging agents: discovery of flurpiridaz F-18 for detection of coronary disease","volume":"41","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0702-y","article-title":"Role of (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET\/CT in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)","volume":"52","author":"Lastoria","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics6030030","article-title":"18)F-FET-PET in primary hyperparathyroidism: A pilot study","volume":"6","author":"Krakauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R33","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-1044","article-title":"European expert consensus on practical management of specific aspects of parathyroid disorders in adults and in pregnancy: Recommendations of the ESE educational program of parathyroid disorders","volume":"186","author":"Bollerslev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-222089","article-title":"Localisation of ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenoma by 18F-fluorocholine PET\/CT","volume":"2018","author":"Triantafyllidou","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Nuclear Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001299823000107?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0001299823000107?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T22:40:26Z","timestamp":1757544026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0001299823000107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0001299823000107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-2998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-2998","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Parathyroid Imaging","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Nuclear Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}