{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:57:03Z","timestamp":1791496623561,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Perinatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,22]],"date-time":"2012-11-22T17:05:52Z","timestamp":1353603952000},"page":"408-415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Risk Assessment in Neonatal Early Onset Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sagori","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Puopolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"RR-7","key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease: A public health perspective","volume":"45","year":"1996","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.1.21","article-title":"Risk factors and opportunities for prevention of early-onset neonatal sepsis: A multicenter case-control study","volume":"105","author":"Schuchat","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0552","article-title":"Seventy-five years of neonatal sepsis at Yale: 1928-2003","volume":"116","author":"Bizzarro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1031","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1573","article-title":"No change in the incidence of ampicillin-resistant, neonatal, early-onset sepsis over 18 years","volume":"125","author":"Puopolo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318223bad2","article-title":"The burden of invasive early-onset neonatal sepsis in the United States, 2005-2008","volume":"30","author":"Weston","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2217","article-title":"Early onset neonatal sepsis: The burden of group B streptococcal and E. coli disease continues","volume":"127","author":"Stoll","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"RR-10","key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease\u2014Revised guidelines from CDC","volume":"59","author":"Verani","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.4.690","article-title":"Trends in incidence and antimicrobial resistance of early-onset sepsis: Population-based surveillance in San Francisco and Atlanta","volume":"110","author":"Hyde","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000168749.82105.64","article-title":"Very low birth weight preterm infants with early onset neonatal sepsis: The predominance of gram-negative infections continues in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 2002-2003","volume":"24","author":"Stoll","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.17.2056","article-title":"Epidemiology of Invasive Group B streptococcal disease in the United States, 1999-2005","volume":"299","author":"Phares","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib11","first-page":"714","article-title":"Routes and types of infection in the fetus and the newborn","volume":"99","author":"Benirschke","year":"1960","journal-title":"AMA J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(61)80232-1","article-title":"Pathways of fetal and early neonatal infection","volume":"59","author":"Blanc","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2959","article-title":"Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network","volume":"126","author":"Stoll","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181acf6bd","article-title":"Early and late onset sepsis in late preterm infants","volume":"28","author":"Cohen-Wolkowiez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1155","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3464","article-title":"Estimating the probability of neonatal early-onset infection on the basis of maternal risk factors","volume":"128","author":"Puopolo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.6.e77","article-title":"Risk factors for early-onset group B streptococcal sepsis: Estimation of odds ratios by critical literature review","volume":"103","author":"Benitz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2010.04.001","article-title":"Role of innate host defenses in susceptibility to early-onset neonatal sepsis","volume":"37","author":"Wynn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2011.09.002","article-title":"Evidence for the clinical management of chorioamnionitis","volume":"17","author":"Fishman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)00056-8","article-title":"Clinical chorioamnionitis and the prognosis for very low birth weight infants","volume":"91","author":"Alexander","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(99)00256-2","article-title":"Chorioamnionitis and the prognosis for term infants","volume":"94","author":"Alexander","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.2.256","article-title":"Neonatal sepsis workups in infants \u22652000 grams at birth: A population-based study","volume":"106","author":"Escobar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/148.5.795","article-title":"Selective intrapartum chemoprophylaxis of neonatal group B streptococcal early-onset disease","volume":"148","author":"Boyer","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.1.21","article-title":"Risk factors and opportunities for prevention of early-onset neonatal sepsis: A multicenter case-control study","volume":"105","author":"Schuchat","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-3083","article-title":"Risk factors for invasive, early-onset Escherichia coli infections in the era of widespread intrapartum antibiotic use","volume":"118","author":"Schrag","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(73)80524-4","article-title":"Transmission of group B streptococci among parturient women and their neonates","volume":"83","author":"Baker","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012657","article-title":"Changes in pathogens causing early-onset sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants","volume":"347","author":"Stoll","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.10.949","article-title":"Association of sexual activity with colonization and vaginal acquisition of group B Streptococcus in nonpregnant women","volume":"155","author":"Meyn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197604012941404","article-title":"Correlation of maternal antibody deficiency with susceptibility to neonatal group B streptococcal infection","volume":"294","author":"Baker","year":"1976","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"RR-11","key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease","volume":"51","author":"Schrag","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/148.5.810","article-title":"Selective intrapartum chemoprophylaxis of neonatal group B streptococcal early-onset disease","volume":"148","author":"Boyer","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198606263142603","article-title":"Prevention of early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal disease with selective intrapartum chemoprophylaxis","volume":"314","author":"Boyer","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2275","article-title":"Early-onset group B streptococcal disease in the era of maternal screening","volume":"115","author":"Puopolo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806820","article-title":"Evaluation of universal antenatal screening for group B Streptococcus","volume":"360","author":"Van Dyke","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.3.672","article-title":"Population-based risk factors for neonatal group B streptococcal disease: Results of a cohort study in metropolitan Atlanta","volume":"162","author":"Schuchat","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib35","first-page":"701","article-title":"Perinatal group B streptococcal disease after universal screening recommendations\u2014United States, 2003-2005","volume":"56","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020205","article-title":"A population-based comparison of strategies to prevent early-onset group B streptococcal disease in neonates","volume":"347","author":"Schrag","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.4.e10","article-title":"Term newborns who are at risk for sepsis: Are lumbar punctures necessary?","volume":"99","author":"Johnson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2012.96","article-title":"Neonatal early-onset sepsis evaluations among well-appearing infants: projected impact of changes in CDC GBS guidelines","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80096-7","article-title":"The neonatal blood count in health and disease","volume":"95","author":"Manroe","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000068206.11303.dd","article-title":"Utility of complete blood count and blood culture screening to diagnose neonatal sepsis in the asymptomatic at risk newborn","volume":"22","author":"Ottolini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.5.1173","article-title":"Are complete blood cell counts useful in the evaluation of asymptomatic neonates exposed to suspected chorioamnionitis?","volume":"113","author":"Jackson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211916","article-title":"Expected ranges for blood neutrophil concentrations of neonates: The Manroe and Mouzinho charts revisited","volume":"28","author":"Schmutz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0935","article-title":"Interpreting complete blood counts soon after birth in newborns at risk for sepsis","volume":"126","author":"Newman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1979.tb08219.x","article-title":"C-reactive protein (CRP) in early diagnosis of neonatal septicemia","volume":"68","author":"Sabel","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.4.e41","article-title":"Serial serum C-reactive protein levels in the diagnosis of neonatal infection","volume":"102","author":"Benitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340000709","article-title":"Comparison of procalcitonin with C-reactive protein and serum amyloid for the early diagnosis of bacterial sepsis in critically ill neonates and children","volume":"27","author":"Enguix","year":"2001","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2174-8","article-title":"Serum procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker for neonatal sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Vouloumanou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2009.12.001","article-title":"Adjunct laboratory tests in the diagnosis of early-onset neonatal sepsis","volume":"37","author":"Benitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib49","first-page":"7","article-title":"Role of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis","volume":"49","author":"Kocaba\u015f","year":"2007","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e318198b0e3","article-title":"Inflammatory and oxidative parameters in cord blood as diagnostic of early-onset neonatal sepsis: A case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Cancelier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2010.03.002","article-title":"The role of proteomics in the diagnosis of chorioamnionitis and early-onset neonatal sepsis","volume":"37","author":"Buhimschi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0179","article-title":"Empiric use of ampicillin and cefotaxime, compared with ampicillin and gentamicin, for neonates at risk for sepsis is associated with an increased risk of neonatal death","volume":"117","author":"Clark","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3423","article-title":"Prolonged duration of initial empirical antibiotic treatment is associated with increased rates of necrotizing enterocolitis and death for extremely low birth weight infants","volume":"123","author":"Cotten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F99","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.163220","article-title":"Intrapartum antibiotics and risk factors for early onset sepsis","volume":"95","author":"Dutta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.2.244","article-title":"The influence of intrapartum antibiotics on the clinical spectrum of early-onset group B streptococcal infection in term infants","volume":"106","author":"Bromberger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00577-2","article-title":"Effects of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis for prevention of group-B-streptococcal disease on the incidence and ecology of early-onset neonatal sepsis","volume":"3","author":"Moore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2677","article-title":"The association of third-generation cephalosporin use and invasive candidiasis in extremely low birth-weight infants","volume":"118","author":"Cotten","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.05.033","article-title":"Prolonged initial Empirical antibiotic treatment is associated with adverse outcomes in premature infants","volume":"159","author":"Kuppala","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.02.035","article-title":"Antibiotic exposure in the newborn Intensive Care Unit and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"159","author":"Alexander","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1232","article-title":"Neonatal antibiotic treatment is a risk factor for early wheezing","volume":"121","author":"Alm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02411.x","article-title":"Preschool wheeze\u2014Impact of early fish introduction and neonatal antibiotics","volume":"100","author":"Goks\u00f6r","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.172","article-title":"The developing intestinal microbiome and its relationship to health and disease in the neonate","volume":"31","author":"Murgas Torrazza","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Perinatol"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0146000512000705?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0146000512000705?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T20:08:26Z","timestamp":1562357306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0146000512000705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0146000512000705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semperi.2012.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-0005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-0005","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}}}