{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T14:34:04Z","timestamp":1793716444214,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012028","name":"Baystate Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T11:46:58Z","timestamp":1571053618000},"page":"33-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Radiologic Imaging of Bowel Infections"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Duffin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Mirpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Catanzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2015.06.010","article-title":"Acute infectious and inflammatory enterocolitides","volume":"53","author":"Baker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0002","first-page":"6","article-title":"MDCT of the small bowel","volume":"41","author":"Geraghty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Applied Radiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2015150125","article-title":"CT evaluation of acute enteritis and colitis: Is it infectious, inflammatory, or ischemic?: resident and fellow education feature","volume":"35","author":"Childers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P11101","article-title":"Foodborne illness acquired in the United States\u2014Major pathogens","volume":"17","author":"Scallan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-018-0593-6","article-title":"Imaging of non-neoplastic duodenal diseases. A pictorial review with emphasis on MDCT","volume":"9","author":"Juanpere","year":"2018","journal-title":"Insights into Imaging"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.173.2.10430136","article-title":"Radiologic evaluation of gastritis and duodenitis","volume":"173","author":"Gelfand","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1996.tb00038.x","article-title":"Intestinal parasitism\u2013protozoa and helminths\u2014In primates at the Barcelona Zoo","volume":"25","author":"Soledad Gomez","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Med Primatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02065420","article-title":"Abnormal abdominal CT findings in a patient with giardiasis. Resolution after treatment","volume":"40","author":"Orchard","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.144.3.581","article-title":"Intestinal giardiasis: The importance of serial filming","volume":"144","author":"Brandon","year":"1985","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7961-4-8","article-title":"Intestinal strongyloidiasis and hyperinfection syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Vadlamudi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Mol Allergy"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.2.623-626.2003","article-title":"Evaluation of three commercial assays for detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium organisms in fecal specimens","volume":"41","author":"Johnston","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.235025155","article-title":"Ascariasis causing small bowel volvulus","volume":"23","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(20)30212-9","article-title":"The spectrum of Salmonella infection","volume":"2","author":"Goldberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0014","series-title":"Salmonellosis: Microbiologic, Pathologic and Clinical Features","author":"Rubin","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199605000-00008","article-title":"Salmonella- and Shigella-induced ileitis: CT findings in four patients","volume":"20","author":"Balthazar","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199905000-00017","article-title":"CT of nonneoplastic diseases of the small bowel: Spectrum of disease","volume":"23","author":"Horton","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/57970083","article-title":"A description of CT features of Clostridium difficile infection of the small bowel in four patients and a review of literature","volume":"82","author":"Wee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.190.2.8284397","article-title":"Colitis: Use of CT findings in differential diagnosis","volume":"190","author":"Philpotts","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2014.11.008","article-title":"Acute colitis: Differential diagnosis using multidetector CT","volume":"70","author":"Plastaras","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.211.3.r99jn32743","article-title":"The accordion sign at CT: A nonspecific finding in patients with colonic edema","volume":"211","author":"Macari","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00287.x","article-title":"Increased risk of intestinal cancer in Crohn's disease: A meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies","volume":"100","author":"Jess","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.211.2.r99ma28381","article-title":"Ischemic colitis: CT evaluation of 54 cases","volume":"211","author":"Balthazar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.180.1.2052723","article-title":"Pseudomembranous colitis: CT evaluation of 26 cases","volume":"180","author":"Fishman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.1697","article-title":"Colonic abnormalities on CT in adult hospitalized patients with Clostridium difficile colitis: Prevalence and significance of findings","volume":"186","author":"Ash","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.139.4.667","article-title":"Radiographic findings of infectious proctitis in homosexual men","volume":"139","author":"Sider","year":"1982","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgen"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.2.g00mc12449","article-title":"Tuberculosis from head to toe","volume":"20","author":"Harisinghani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.275065176","article-title":"Tuberculosis: A radiologic review","volume":"27","author":"Burril","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-3984.2013.1801","article-title":"Abdomnal tuberculosis: A radiological review with emphasis on computed tomorgraphy and magnetic resonance imaging findings","volume":"48","author":"Rocha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiol Bras"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4166-0","article-title":"MRI of the bowel\u2014Beyond inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"48","author":"Machnitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0030","series-title":"Pediatric Radiology: Practical Imaging Evaluation of Infants and Children","author":"Lee","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.146.1.6571759","article-title":"Childhood typhlitis: Its increasing association with acute myelogenous leukemia. Report of five cases","volume":"146","author":"Abramson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Radiology Online"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machnitz, AJ, JR Reid, MR Acord, et al. (2018b) MRI of the bowel\u2014Beyond inflammatory bowel disease. 48, 1280-1290","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4166-0"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20150821","article-title":"MDCT in ischaemic colitis: How to define the aetiology and acute, subacute and chronic phase of damage in the emergency setting","volume":"89","author":"Berritto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.167.1.8659415","article-title":"CT feature of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease","volume":"167","author":"Gore","year":"1996","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0367","article-title":"Fundamental mechanisms of immune checkpoint blockade therapy","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cji.0000178913.41256.06","volume":"28","author":"Blansfield","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i4.405","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis: A comprehensive review","volume":"7","author":"Som","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017170085","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor cancer therapy: Spectrum of imaging findings","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W468","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.9751","article-title":"Ipilimumab-associated colitis: CT findings","volume":"200","author":"Kyung","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgen"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S480","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.01.111","article-title":"Identifying and managing the adverse effects of immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"10","author":"Winer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis."},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.243035120","article-title":"Cross-sectional imaging in Crohn's disease","volume":"24","author":"Furukawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2013.05.005","article-title":"Radiologic drainage of post-operative collections and abscesses","volume":"150S","author":"Robert","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Visc Surg"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887217119300678?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887217119300678?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:22:30Z","timestamp":1760134950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0887217119300678"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0887217119300678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-2171"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-2171","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Radiologic Imaging of Bowel Infections","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.sult.2019.10.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}