{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:27:32Z","timestamp":1778279252088,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]],"date-time":"2011-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Topics in Companion Animal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,23]],"date-time":"2011-05-23T01:28:59Z","timestamp":1306114139000},"page":"45-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["When Normal Is Abnormal: Keys to Laboratory Diagnosis of Hidden Endocrine Disease"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Thomas K.","family":"Graves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib1","series-title":"Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction","first-page":"406","article-title":"Hypoadrenocorticism","author":"Feldman","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/inpract.25.1.18","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of canine hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"25","author":"Ramsey","year":"2003","journal-title":"In Pract"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib3","first-page":"63","article-title":"Canine hypoadrenocorticism: part I","volume":"51","author":"Klein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.162.14.431","article-title":"Low ratios of sodium to potassium in the serum of 238 dogs","volume":"162","author":"Nielsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1981.179.02.155","article-title":"Atypical hypoadrenocorticism in three dogs","volume":"179","author":"Rogers","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.209.12.2076","article-title":"Glucocorticoid deficient hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: 18 cases (1986-1995)","volume":"209","author":"Lifton","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-32-2-159","article-title":"Atypical Addison's disease in the dog: a retrospective survey of 14 cases","volume":"32","author":"Sadek","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.8.1190","article-title":"Comparison of classic hypoadrenocorticism with glucocorticoid-deficient hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: 46 cases (1985-2005)","volume":"230","author":"Thompson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(97)50026-X","article-title":"Adrenal physiology","volume":"27","author":"Kemppainen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am (Small Anim Pract)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib10","first-page":"357","article-title":"Effect of cold pressor test on total and differential leucocyte of dog (bitch) canis familiaris","volume":"9","author":"Verma","year":"1984","journal-title":"Comp Physiol Ecol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib11","first-page":"99","article-title":"Reaktionen von Corticoiden, Enzymaktivit\u00e4ten und H\u00e4matologischen Parametern auf Transportstress bei Hunden","volume":"34","author":"Kuhn","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Exp Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(55)90200-X","article-title":"Use of ACTH in the diagnosis of adrenal cortical insufficiency","volume":"18","author":"Jenkins","year":"1955","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(51)90330-0","article-title":"Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of adrenal insufficiency","volume":"10","author":"Thorn","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib14","first-page":"18","article-title":"A screening evaluation for endogenous glucocorticoid deficiency in dogs: a modified Thorn test","volume":"25","author":"Chastain","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.3.413","article-title":"Use of basal serum or plasma cortisol concentrations to rule out a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: 123 cases (2000-2005)","volume":"231","author":"Lennon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib16","first-page":"683","article-title":"Diagnosis of occult hyperthyroidism in cats","volume":"2","author":"Graves","year":"1990","journal-title":"Probl Vet Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1987.tb02002.x","article-title":"Serum thyroid hormone concentrations fluctuate in cats with hyperthyroidism","volume":"1","author":"Peterson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.197.09.1203","article-title":"Effect of nonthyroidal illness on serum thyroxine concentrations in cats: 494 cases","volume":"197","author":"Peterson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e32830eb838","article-title":"Modeling the nonthyroidal illness syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Koenig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-09-0412","article-title":"Mechanisms behind the non-thyroidal illness syndrome: an update","volume":"205","author":"Warner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4032","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.12.4032","article-title":"Decreased hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in patients with nonthyroidal illness","volume":"82","author":"Fliers","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.12.002","article-title":"A central thermogenic-like mechanism in feeding regulation: an interplay between arcuate nucleus T3 and UCP2","volume":"5","author":"Coppola","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)53011-0","article-title":"Hypothalamic thyroid hormone feedback in health and disease","volume":"153","author":"Fliers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2004.14.825","article-title":"Ultra short-loop feedback control of thyrotropin secretion","volume":"14","author":"Prummel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0287","article-title":"Regulation of tissue iodothyronine deiodinase activity in a model of prolonged critical illness","volume":"18","author":"Debaveye","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3996","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.11.3996","article-title":"A characteristic serpin cleavage product of thyroxine-binding globulin appears in sepsis sera","volume":"85","author":"Jirasakuldech","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.529","article-title":"Measurement of serum concentrations of free thyroxine, total thyroxine, and total triiodothyronine in cats with hyperthyroidism and cats with nonthyroidal disease","volume":"218","author":"Peterson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1990.tb03114.x","article-title":"Triiodothyronine (T3) suppression test","volume":"4","author":"Peterson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1994.tb03233.x","article-title":"Use of the thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test to diagnose mild hyperthyroidism in cats","volume":"8","author":"Peterson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2005.12.002","article-title":"Thyroid scintigraphy in hyperthyroidism","volume":"21","author":"Broome","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-0279(76)50080-3","article-title":"The differential diagnosis of Anemia","volume":"6","author":"Searcy","year":"1976","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1987.190.09.1196","article-title":"Clinicopathologic findings associated with chronic renal disease in cats: 74 cases (1973-1984)","volume":"190","author":"DiBartola","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.206.03.302","article-title":"Changes in clinical and laboratory findings in cats with hyperthyroidism from 1983 to 1993","volume":"206","author":"Broussard","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(84)50082-5","article-title":"Feline hyperthyroidism","volume":"14","author":"Peterson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am (Small Anim Pract)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101026","article-title":"Clinical studies of the blood volume","volume":"18","author":"Gibson","year":"1939","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-40-2-211","article-title":"Erythropoiesis and erythropoietin in hypo- and hyperthyroidism","volume":"40","author":"Das","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib37","first-page":"272","article-title":"Thyroid hormones enhance hypoxia-induced erythropoietin production in vitro","volume":"22","author":"Fandrey","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-117-29626","article-title":"Evidence for a non-calorigenic effect of thyroxin on erythropoiesis as judged by radioiron utilization","volume":"117","author":"Meineke","year":"1964","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01632306","article-title":"A study on the erythropoiesis stimulating effect of the thyroid hormone","volume":"21","author":"Shirakura","year":"1970","journal-title":"Blut"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1995.tb00619.x","article-title":"Relationship between plasma creatinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate in dogs","volume":"18","author":"Finco","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2007.10.005","article-title":"An investigation of predictors of renal insufficiency following treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats","volume":"10","author":"Riensche","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.161.21.711","article-title":"Changes in the glomerular filtration rate of 27 cats with hyperthyroidism after treatment with radioactive iodine","volume":"161","author":"Boag","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2001.tb02298.x","article-title":"Long-term health and predictors of survival for hyperthyroid cats treated with iodine 131","volume":"15","author":"Slater","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-36-3-215","article-title":"Effects of methimazole on renal function in cats with hyperthyroidism","volume":"36","author":"Becker","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1997.tb00846.x","article-title":"Changes in renal function in cats following treatment of hyperthyroidism using 131I","volume":"38","author":"Adams","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1994.55.12.1745","article-title":"Changes in renal function associated with treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats","volume":"55","author":"Graves","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2005.12.003","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism and the kidney","volume":"21","author":"Langston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.10.006","article-title":"Feline primary hyperaldosteronism","volume":"40","author":"Schulman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am (Small Anim Pract)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2004.08.007","article-title":"Primary hyperaldosteronism in the cat: a series of 13 cases","volume":"7","author":"Ash","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2004.06.010","article-title":"Primary hyperaldosteronism, a mediator of progressive renal disease in cats","volume":"28","author":"Javadi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2010.11.008","article-title":"Feline systemic hypertension diagnosis and management","volume":"13","author":"Stepien","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.10.005","article-title":"Endocrine hypertension in small animals","volume":"40","author":"Reusch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am (Small Anim Pract)"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e318134f013","article-title":"Cinacalcet and the prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism in rats with aldosteronism","volume":"335","author":"Selektor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02234.x","article-title":"Ionized hypercalcemia in dogs: a retrospective study of 109 cases (1998-2003)","volume":"14","author":"Messinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0288.x","article-title":"Hypercalcemia in cats: a retrospective study of 71 cases (1991-1997)","volume":"23","author":"Savary","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib56","series-title":"Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction","first-page":"660","article-title":"Hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism","author":"Feldman","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib57","series-title":"Fluid Therapy in Small Animal Practice","first-page":"122","article-title":"Disorders of calcium: hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia","author":"Schenk","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.756","article-title":"Pretreatment clinical and laboratory findings in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism: 210 cases (1987-2004)","volume":"227","author":"Feldman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib59","series-title":"Small Animal Internal Medicine","first-page":"802","article-title":"Disorders of the endocrine pancreas","author":"Nelson","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.71.905","article-title":"Retrospective study of canine insulinomas: eight cases (2005-2008)","volume":"71","author":"Madarame","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1995.35900","article-title":"The amended insulin to glucose ratio and diagnosis of insulinoma in dogs","volume":"43","author":"Thompson","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Z Vet J"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1996.tb02416.x","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of insulinoma in the dog: a retrospective study and a new diagnostic procedure","volume":"37","author":"Siliart","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006_bib63","first-page":"501","article-title":"The Whipples and their legacies in medicine","volume":"176","author":"Chen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"}],"container-title":["Topics in Companion Animal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1938973611000286?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1938973611000286?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T19:23:00Z","timestamp":1741202580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1938973611000286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1938973611000286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.02.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1938-9736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1938-9736","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}}}