{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:11:51Z","timestamp":1791295911711,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Dietetic Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T19:39:30Z","timestamp":1051817970000},"page":"582-587","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":171,"title":["Kefir improves lactose digestion and tolerance in adults with lactose maldigestion"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Hertzler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon M.","family":"Clancy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB1","first-page":"1845","article-title":"Lactose intolerance","volume":"65","author":"Swaggerty","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529409091740","article-title":"Genetics and epidemiology of adult-type hypolactasia","volume":"29","author":"Sahi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scan J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1998.10718813","article-title":"Lactase Deficiency Study Group. Lactose intolerance and self-reported milk intolerance: Relationship with lactose maldigestion and nutrient intake","volume":"17","author":"Carroccio","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507063330101","article-title":"A comparison of symptoms after the consumption of milk or lactose-hydrolyzed milk by people with self-reported severe lactose intolerance","volume":"333","author":"Suarez","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(96)00074-0","article-title":"How much lactose is low lactose?","volume":"96","author":"Hertzler","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.2.197","article-title":"Tolerance to small amounts of lactose in lactose maldigesters","volume":"64","author":"Vesa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/47.1.57","article-title":"Reduced intolerance symptoms from lactose consumed during a meal","volume":"47","author":"Martini","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601169","article-title":"Hydrogen excretion upon ingestion of dairy products in lactose-intolerant male subjects: Importance of the live flora","volume":"55","author":"Pelletier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198401053100101","article-title":"Yogurt: An autodigesting source of lactose","volume":"310","author":"Kolars","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/40.6.1219","article-title":"Lactose malabsorption from yogurt, pasteurized yogurt, sweet acidophilus milk, and cultured milk in lactase-deficient individuals","volume":"40","author":"Savaiano","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01297079","article-title":"Comparative effects of exogenous lactase (\u03b2-galactosidase) preparations on in vivo lactose digestion","volume":"38","author":"Lin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.2.232","article-title":"Colonic adaptation to daily lactose feeding in lactose maldigesters reduces lactose intolerance","volume":"64","author":"Hertzler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.5.632","article-title":"Improved clinical tolerance to chronic lactose ingestion in subjects with lactose intolerance: a placebo effect?","volume":"41","author":"Briet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(00)00162-0","article-title":"Improved lactose digestion and intolerance among African-American adolescent girls fed a dairy-rich diet","volume":"100","author":"Pribila","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.5.1502","article-title":"Tolerance to the daily ingestion of two cups of milk by individuals claiming lactose intolerance","volume":"65","author":"Suarez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB16","author":"Saloff-Coste"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB17","author":"Lifeway Foods, Inc"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19920009","article-title":"Enhancement of intestinal hydrolysis of lactose by microbial \u03b2-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) of kefir","volume":"67","author":"De Vrese","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90145-3","article-title":"Detection of malabsorption of low doses of carbohydrate: accuracy of various breath H2 criteria","volume":"105","author":"Strocchi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198104093041507","article-title":"Incomplete absorption of the carbohydrate in all-purpose flour","volume":"304","author":"Anderson","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/53.5.1253","article-title":"Lactose digestion from yogurt: influence of a meal and additional lactose","volume":"53","author":"Martini","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB22","series-title":"Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry","author":"Holum","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.5.846","article-title":"The glycemic index: Methodology and clinical implications","volume":"54","author":"Wolever","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB24","series-title":"Basic and Clinical Biostatistics","author":"Dawson-Sanders","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB25","first-page":"135","article-title":"Gas metabolism in the large intestine","author":"Levitt","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/45.2.432","article-title":"Lactose digestion by yogurt \u03b2-galactosidase: Influence of pH and microbial cell integrity","volume":"45","author":"Martini","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76083-1","article-title":"Improvement of lactose digestion by humans following ingestion of unfermented acidophilus milk: Influence of bile sensitivity, lactose transport, and acid tolerance of Lactobacillus acidophilus","volume":"80","author":"Mustapha","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(95)00126-3","article-title":"Lactose malabsorption as influenced by chocolate milk, skim milk, sucrose, whole milk, and lactic cultures","volume":"95","author":"Dehkordi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/38.2.257","article-title":"Response of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and lactase deficiency using unfermented acidophilus milk","volume":"38","author":"Newcomer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/49.6.1233","article-title":"Relative efficiency of yogurt, sweet acidophilus milk, hydrolyzed-lactose milk, and a commercial lactase tablet in alleviating lactose maldigestion","volume":"49","author":"Onwulata","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.1.140","article-title":"A randomized trial of Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 to treat lactose intolerance","volume":"69","author":"Saltzman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S748","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/58.5.748S","article-title":"Fructose absorption","volume":"58","author":"Riby","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.10.1161","article-title":"Absorption capacity of fructose in healthy adults. Comparison with sucrose and its constituent monosaccharides","volume":"27","author":"Rumessen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1053\/jada.2003.50111_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1996.10720469","article-title":"Digestion and absorption of fruit juice carbohydrates","volume":"15","author":"Perman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Dietetic Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002822303002074?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0002822303002074?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T14:22:38Z","timestamp":1584627758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002822303002074"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0002822303002074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/jada.2003.50111","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}}}