{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:18:06Z","timestamp":1790011086900,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":5417,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>We studied 648 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)\u2013 and\/or anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)\u2013positive patients to evaluate the virologic and clinical characteristics of multiple hepatitis viral infection. We defined as Case B\u2013C an HBsAg\/anti\u2013HCV positive patient and as Case b\u2013C an anti\u2013HCV\/anti\u2013HBc\u2013positive, HBsAg\/anti\u2013HBs-negative patient. For each Case B\u2013C we scheduled as Control\u2013B an HBsAg positive and anti\u2013HCV negative patient and as Control\u2013C an HBsAg\/anti\u2013HBs\/anti-hepatitis B core antigen (HBc)\u2013negative and anti\u2013HCV-positive patient. Control group C was used as the control also for Case group b\u2013C. Serum HBV DNA by molecular hybridization was found more frequently in Control group B (54% of 161 patients) than in Case group B\u2013C (35.7% of 84, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01). The prevalence of HBV wild type was similar in Case group B\u2013C (14.3%) and in Control group B (17.4%), whereas the e\u2013minus strain was less frequent in Case group B\u2013C (10.7% vs. 33%; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01). HBV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was detected in 40.8% of 71 patients in Case group b\u2013C. HCV RNA was detected more frequently in Control group C (90.7% of 130 patients) than in Case group B\u2013C (65.2% of 69, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .0001). Moderate or severe chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis were more frequent in Case group B\u2013C (62.9% of 65 patients) than in Control group B (46.7% of 90, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05) or C (40.8% of 98, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .005), and in Case group b\u2013C (71.1% of 76) than in Control group C. Thus, in multiple hepatitis we observed a reciprocal inhibition of the viral genomes and a more severe liver disease. In Case group b\u2013C, serum HBV DNA was frequent and the clinical presentation was severe.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.19288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,21]],"date-time":"2003-06-21T14:16:51Z","timestamp":1056205011000},"page":"1106-1110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Virologic and Clinical Expressions of Reciprocal Inhibitory Effect of Hepatitis B, C, and Delta Viruses in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Evangelista","family":"Sagnelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Scolastico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Filippini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Santantonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Stroffolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felice","family":"Piccinino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.19288-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/317489a0","volume":"317","author":"Tiollais","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.19288-BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840030518","volume":"3","author":"Rizzetto","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.19288-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90336-0","volume":"85","author":"Dienstag","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.19288-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.24","volume":"73","author":"Karczynki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br 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