{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:20:57Z","timestamp":1790918457608,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":5478,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>We recently described the efficient assembly of hepatitis C virus (HCV) structural proteins into HCV-like particles (HCV-LPs) in insect cells. These noninfectious HCV-LPs have similar morphologic and biophysical properties as putative virions isolated from HCV-infected humans and can induce a broadly directed immune response in animal models. The HCV envelope proteins of HCV-LPs are presumably presented in a native, virion-like conformation and may therefore interact with antienvelope antibodies directed against conformational epitopes. In this study, HCV-LPs were used as capture antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect and quantify antibodies against HCV structural proteins in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis C. High titers of anti-HCV-LP antibodies were detected in patients chronically infected with HCV genotypes 1 to 6. In contrast to individuals with chronic hepatitis C, patients with acute self-limited hepatitis C displayed only a transient and weak seroreactivity against HCV-LPs. Patients with chronic HCV infection successfully treated with interferon demonstrated a gradual decline of anti-HCV-LP titers during or subsequent to viral clearance. Sustained interferon responders were characterized by significantly higher pretreatment levels of anti-HCV-LP antibodies as compared with nonresponders (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = .0001). In conclusion, HCV infection is associated with limited humoral immunity against the envelope proteins present on the HCV-LPs. An HCV-LP-based ELISA may be a useful diagnostic tool to distinguish acute hepatitis C from chronic HCV infection with exacerbation, and to predict viral clearance in response to interferon.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.9876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,19]],"date-time":"2004-03-19T22:04:05Z","timestamp":1079733845000},"page":"610-617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Antibodies Against Hepatitis C Virus-Like Particles and Viral Clearance in Acute and Chronic Hepatitis C"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Baumert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Wellnitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeaki","family":"Aono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jujin","family":"Satoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Herion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilman J.","family":"Gerlach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd R.","family":"Pape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnson Y.N.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay H.","family":"Hoofnagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert E.","family":"Blum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake T.","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.9876-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-4-200002150-00008","volume":"132","author":"Liang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.9876-BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198911303212202","volume":"321","author":"Alter","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.9876-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2523562","volume":"244","author":"Choo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.9876-BIB4","first-page":"931","volume-title":"Fields Virology","author":"Rice","year":"1996","unstructured":"Flaviviridae: the viruses and their replication. 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